Background: 24-hour movement behaviors, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time (ST), and sleep duration, have important implications for health across the lifespan. However, no studies exist that have examined the integration of these 24-hour movement behaviors in Latin America. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations and sociodemographic correlates of meeting the guidelines in adults from eight Latin American countries. Methods: This was a multi-national cross-sectional study of 2338 adults aged 18 to 64 years from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. MVPA and ST data were collected using accelerometers. Sleep duration was self-reported using a daily log. Socio-demographic correlates included sex, age, education level, and marital status. Meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines was defined as: ≥150 min/week of MVPA; ≤8 h/day of ST; and between 7 and 9 h/day of sleep. Logistic regression models were estimated on pooled data. Results: The prevalence of adults who met the MVPA, ST, sleep duration, and integrated recommendations was 48.3, 22.0, 19.4, and 1.6%, respectively. Overall, being a woman (OR: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.55,0.93) and having a middle (0.63; 0.47,0.85) or high education level (0.31; 0.17,0.56) was associated with lower odds of meeting all three of the 24-hour movement guideline recommendations. Being married (1.70; 1.25,2.29) was associated with greater odds of meeting all three recommendations. Being a woman (0.46; 0.39,0.55), aged 50-64 years (0.77; 0.60,0.97), and married (0.79; 0.65,0.96) were associated with lower odds of meeting the MVPA recommendation. Having a middle (0.64; 0.50,0.80) or high (0.36; 0.23,0.55) education level was associated with lower odds and being married (1.86; 1.46,2.36) was associated with greater odds of meeting the ST recommendation. Being a woman (0.63; 0.51,0.78) was associated with lower odds; whereas being aged 50-64 years (1.40; 1.04,1.88) and having a middle education level (1.37; 1.09,1.73) were associated with greater odds of meeting the sleep duration recommendation. Conclusions: Overall, the proportion of Latin American adults achieving healthy levels of 24-hour movement behaviors was low. Further efforts are needed to promote more MVPA, less ST, and sufficient sleep in Latin American adults. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014. / Universidad de Costa Rica / Revisión por pares

Aims The associations of moderate alcohol consumption, sleep duration, and tobacco smoking with coronary heart disease (CHD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are not clearly clarified. The aims of the study were to evaluate the associations of lifestyle factors, hypertension, obesity, depression and sleep duration with CHD development among patients with T2D, and particularly, to examine the gender differences in risk factors for CHD. Methods A total of 2335 T2D adults were selected from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. Weighted univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results The CHD prevalence among patients with T2D was 14.2% (18.1% and 10.4% for males and females, respectively), which increased with age (10.3% and 19.6% for age groups 18–64 and 65+, respectively). After adjusting for other factors, weighted logistic regression analyses showed that CHD among patients with T2D was significantly associated with being male, older age, past smoking, long sleep duration, hypertension, and high cholesterol level. Furthermore, the significant association of older age, past smoking, hypertension and high cholesterol level were observed particularly in males, while the association of long sleep duration with CHD was only observed in females. Hypertension was associated with CHD for both genders. Conclusions Gender, age, past smoking, long sleep duration, hypertension and high cholesterol level were significantly associated with CHD among T2D patients; however, such associations differed by gender. Such gender disparities should be considered in the prevention and treatment of T2D.

<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous work demonstrates a link between poor child sleep and increased caregiver mental health symptoms. In particular, children with NGS are known to experience severe and persistent sleep difficulties. Few studies have examined the association between child sleep disturbances and caregiver internalizing symptoms across families affected by neurogenic syndromes. More specifically, no study has examined how sleep disturbances in children diagnosed with NGS impact caregiver internalizing symptoms severity across development (from infancy to school-age children), using a longitudinal framework and multilevel analyses<em>. </em>Thus, the current study aims to test the effect of child sleep duration on caregiver mental health changes over the course of development (child age, from infancy to school-age children) in a mixed cohort of families affected by neurogenetic syndromes and a sub-group of neurotypical children. <strong>Method: </strong>A total of 193 caregivers were recruited, via web-based support groups, syndrome research registries, and social networks, as part of a broader longitudinal study, the Early Phenotype Study. To measure child sleep duration and caregiver internalizing symptoms, parents completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, respectively, at each time point yielding a total of 718 observations. Separate multilevel models were conducted for caregiver depression, anxiety, and stress in relation to child sleep duration at the between- and the within-person level with child age as a moderator. <strong>Results: </strong>Results of the present study revealed a between-person main effect of child sleep duration on caregiver symptoms of depression and a within-person effect of child sleep duration on stress symptoms in caregivers. The moderating effect of child age was not statistically significant across models. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, findings of the current study support previous literature and suggest child sleep duration may provide us with information on who may be at greater risk of exhibiting greater symptoms of depression, drawing the importance of focusing on improving child sleep duration as a way to reduce caregiver mental health challenges. </p>

No description available.

Introduction: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are known to increase risk of mental health challenges throughout development, and sleep is known to decrease risk of mental health challenges. These have not been studied in tandem in younger cohorts. We investigated whether interactions between sleep duration and sleep regularity would moderate the impact of ACE exposure on risk for the development of mental health disorders. Methods: We conducted secondary cross-sectional analyses on the 2020-2021 waves of the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) (n = 92,669). We used logistic and ordinal regression to replicate known main effects of ACEs (total, household, community, and single) and sleep (duration and irregularity) on mental health diagnostic status and symptom severity, and we examined the interaction of ACEs and sleep on mental health diagnostic status. To correct for multiple comparisons, all original models were performed with one half of the dataset and then replicated in the second half. Follow-up analyses by age cohort (0-5, 6-11, 12-17 years) further examined interaction effects across development. Poverty level, parental education status, child age, child sex, neighborhood safety, neighborhood support, and race/ethnicity were included as covariates, as indicated in a priori acyclic graph (DAG) modeling. Results: Known main effects for ACE and sleep on mental health diagnoses were replicated across all models. Interactions between ACE exposure and adequate sleep duration or increased sleep irregularity were not clinically significant, although some were statistically significant due to large sample size, such that adequate sleep duration was associated with marginally increased risk of mental health diagnosis (Omnibus B = 0.048, p < 0.0001) and greater bedtime irregularity was associated with marginally decreased risk of mental health diagnosis (Omnibus B = -0.030, p < 0.001). Discussion: Main effects in this analysis are consistent with previous literature on ACEs, sleep, and mental health. However, interaction effects were largely small and clinically insignificant. Dichotomous and categorical parent-report items assessing sleep health may not be sensitive to interaction effects, compared with continuous data or physiological measurements. Further, examining mental health symptoms (rather than diagnosis status) may also allow for more nuanced understanding of potential interaction effects.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Chronic short sleep duration is also a significant public health problem and has been linked to several markers and outcomes of cardiovascular disease. To date, inconsistency of assessments of sleep duration and insufficiency, use of covariates, and cardiovascular disease measurement across studies limits strong conclusions about the relationship between sleep duration, sleep insufficiency, and cardiovascular disease. The current study examined the association between sleep duration, sleep insufficiency, and a marker of preclinical coronary heart disease (i.e., carotid intima-media thickness) in a community sample using a cross-sectional design. Some evidence for a relationship between sleep duration and cIMT was found, with longer sleep duration predicting higher cIMT in some segments. Additionally, the interaction between sleep duration and sleep insufficiency was significant. However, neither of these effects were significant after adjusting for age and in some cases race/ethnicity, suggesting demographics may explain this association. Actigraphy and sleep diary duration assessments demonstrated significantly different correlations with cIMT in some segments, suggesting the nature of the assessment method may impact the strength or direction of the relationship between sleep duration and cIMT. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Objective: To evaluate the association between shift work and blood pressure, pre-hypertension and hypertension in nursing personnel of a large general hospital. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 493 nurses, nurse technicians and assistants, were selected at random in a large general hospital. Hypertension was diagnosed by the mean of four automatic blood pressure readings>= 140/90 mmHg or use of blood pressure lowering agents, and pre-hypertension by systolic blood pressure>= 120-139 or diastolic blood pressure>= 80-89 mmHg. Risk factors for hypertension were evaluated by a standardized questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The association between turns of work, defined as day or night, and by the combination of turns, and blood pressure, pre-hypertension and hypertension was explored in bivariate and multivariate analyses, controlling for risk factors for hypertension by covariance analysis and modified regression Poisson. Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.3 ± 9.4 years and 88.2% were women. Night shift workers were older, more frequently married or divorced, and less educated. The prevalence of hypertension in the whole sample was 16%, and 28% had pre-hypertension. Blood pressure (after adjustment for confounding) was not different in day and night shift workers. The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension by shift work (day/night and combination of turns) was not different in the bivariate analysis and after adjustment for confounding (all risk ratios = 1.0). Conclusion: Night shift work is not associated with blood pressure, hypertension and pre-hypertension in nurses and nurses assistants working in a large general hospital.

Objective: To evaluate the association between shift work and blood pressure, pre-hypertension and hypertension in nursing personnel of a large general hospital. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 493 nurses, nurse technicians and assistants, were selected at random in a large general hospital. Hypertension was diagnosed by the mean of four automatic blood pressure readings>= 140/90 mmHg or use of blood pressure lowering agents, and pre-hypertension by systolic blood pressure>= 120-139 or diastolic blood pressure>= 80-89 mmHg. Risk factors for hypertension were evaluated by a standardized questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The association between turns of work, defined as day or night, and by the combination of turns, and blood pressure, pre-hypertension and hypertension was explored in bivariate and multivariate analyses, controlling for risk factors for hypertension by covariance analysis and modified regression Poisson. Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.3 ± 9.4 years and 88.2% were women. Night shift workers were older, more frequently married or divorced, and less educated. The prevalence of hypertension in the whole sample was 16%, and 28% had pre-hypertension. Blood pressure (after adjustment for confounding) was not different in day and night shift workers. The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension by shift work (day/night and combination of turns) was not different in the bivariate analysis and after adjustment for confounding (all risk ratios = 1.0). Conclusion: Night shift work is not associated with blood pressure, hypertension and pre-hypertension in nurses and nurses assistants working in a large general hospital.

Objective: To evaluate the association between shift work and blood pressure, pre-hypertension and hypertension in nursing personnel of a large general hospital. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 493 nurses, nurse technicians and assistants, were selected at random in a large general hospital. Hypertension was diagnosed by the mean of four automatic blood pressure readings>= 140/90 mmHg or use of blood pressure lowering agents, and pre-hypertension by systolic blood pressure>= 120-139 or diastolic blood pressure>= 80-89 mmHg. Risk factors for hypertension were evaluated by a standardized questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The association between turns of work, defined as day or night, and by the combination of turns, and blood pressure, pre-hypertension and hypertension was explored in bivariate and multivariate analyses, controlling for risk factors for hypertension by covariance analysis and modified regression Poisson. Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.3 ± 9.4 years and 88.2% were women. Night shift workers were older, more frequently married or divorced, and less educated. The prevalence of hypertension in the whole sample was 16%, and 28% had pre-hypertension. Blood pressure (after adjustment for confounding) was not different in day and night shift workers. The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension by shift work (day/night and combination of turns) was not different in the bivariate analysis and after adjustment for confounding (all risk ratios = 1.0). Conclusion: Night shift work is not associated with blood pressure, hypertension and pre-hypertension in nurses and nurses assistants working in a large general hospital.

Sleep undergoes important changes during adolescence and many teenagers experience problems sleeping. These in turn affect adolescents´ academic, physical and psychosocial functioning. Moreover, there are some indications that sleep problems in this age group may be increasing, possibly as a consequence of societal changes, e.g., internet availability. Research on adolescents´ sleep is growing, but more epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the prevalence of poor sleep, long and short-term outcomes associated with it, and potential risk and protective factors to target in preventive interventions. The aim of this dissertation was to contribute to each of these goals; Study I investigated the longitudinal association between sleep problems, defined as symptoms of insomnia, and school absenteeism; Study II explored the prevalence of poor sleep, defined as sleep deficit, in an adolescent population and psychosocial and contextual factors associated with it, including emotional and behavioral problems, stress, sleep hygiene and technology use; finally, Study III evaluated the short-term effects of a novel universal school-based intervention to improve adolescents´ sleep health. The findings show that poor sleep was strongly related to adolescents´ functioning, including emotional and behavioral problems and school attendance, and that sleep deficit was prevalent in adolescents. This supports the need for prevention. Moreover, sleep deficit was associated with stress, technology use and arousal at bedtime, which may represent important barriers to sleep. A preventive intervention targeting these barriers to promote adolescents´ sleep health was successful with the individuals most at risk. However, it remains to be seen whether these changes will be maintained after the intervention and whether incidence of sleep problems will be lower relative to a control group. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.