A pesquisa sobre observância tributária floresceu no campo econômico, tendo como estudos seminais as obras de Allingham e Sandmo (1972) e Srinivasan (1973). Esses artigos basearam-se na teoria de Becker (1968) sobre crime e punição, aceitando o paradigma econômico clássico, que parte do pressuposto de que os indivíduos adotam comportamentos racionais. Nas últimas décadas, contudo, muitos pesquisadores notaram que esse paradigma, do qual derivou aquilo que veio a ser chamado pela academia de \"paradigma do crime\", explicava apenas parcialmente o comportamento do contribuinte. Surge, então, toda uma linha de pesquisa contrapondo esse paradigma racional, partindo da constatação de que o comportamento do contribuinte é muito mais complexo do que inicialmente se supunha, merecendo uma análise multidisciplinar, ou seja, que não se restrinja ao campo econômico, mas que também abarque outras disciplinas. Esse novo paradigma foi denominado pela academia de \"paradigma do serviço\" que, em linhas gerais, contempla outros fatores envolvidos no ato de pagar tributos, inclusive psicológicos, pressupondo, de tal modo, que o contribuinte não é um indivíduo racional unicamente preocupado em maximizar sua utilidade, devendo ser visto pela administração pública como uma espécie de cliente, e recebendo tratamento adequado e serviços públicos de qualidade em contrapartida ao cumprimento de suas obrigações tributárias. O presente estudo faz uma apreciação dos dois paradigmas, introduzindo nessa avaliação conceitos da ciência denominada Análise do Comportamento, cujos ensinamentos sobre a aprendizagem e o comportamento humano têm o potencial de contribuir de forma significativa para o entendimento do assunto. Testando os pressupostos teóricos apresentados no decorrer do trabalho, foram realizados dois estudos empíricos, tomando-se como base o modelo criado pelo pesquisador e psicólogo Erich Kirchler, denominado Slippery Slope Framework, que confirma estudos anteriores e demonstra que tanto punições quanto recompensas são instrumentos eficazes no combate à evasão fiscal, sugerindo que a integração dos paradigmas \"do crime\" e \"do serviço\", bem como a inserção dos princípios da Análise do Comportamento nesta análise é um caminho promissor no combate à evasão fiscal. / Research on tax compliance has arisen in the economic field with seminal studies based upon the works of Allingham and Sandmo (1972) and Srinivasan (1973). Such articles were based on Becker\'s theory (1968) on crime and punishment, accepting the classic economic paradigm, which presupposes that individuals show rational behaviors. Nevertheless, in the past decades, many researchers have noticed that such paradigm, which gave rise to what is referred to, by the academy, as \"crime paradigm\", explained the behavior of taxpayers solely in part, and an entire line of research opposing such rational paradigm arose, based upon the verification that the behavior of taxpayers is much more complex than what was originally presumed, deserving a multidisciplinary analysis, i.e., not restricted to the economic field, but that, further, encompasses other subjects. Such new paradigm was designated by the academy as \"service paradigm\" that, in general, contemplates other factors involved in the act of paying taxes, including psychological factors, thus presupposing that taxpayers are not rational individuals solely concerned about maximizing the function thereof, they should be deemed, by the public administration, to be clients, and should receive appropriate treatment and quality public services in return for complying with their tax obligations. This study analyzes two paradigms, introducing in such analysis concepts of the science called Behavior Analysis, the teachings on learning and human behavior of which have potential to significantly contribute to better understanding the subject. Testing the theoretical assumptions presented throughout the study, two empirical analyses were conducted, based upon the model created by researcher and psychologist Erich Kirchler, referred to as Slippery Slope Model, which confirms previous studies and indicates that both punishment and reward are effective tools to fight against tax evasion, suggesting that integrating \"crime\" and \"service\" paradigms and inserting concepts of the Behavior Analysis Science in this analysis is highly promising to fight against tax evasion.

A pesquisa sobre observância tributária floresceu no campo econômico, tendo como estudos seminais as obras de Allingham e Sandmo (1972) e Srinivasan (1973). Esses artigos basearam-se na teoria de Becker (1968) sobre crime e punição, aceitando o paradigma econômico clássico, que parte do pressuposto de que os indivíduos adotam comportamentos racionais. Nas últimas décadas, contudo, muitos pesquisadores notaram que esse paradigma, do qual derivou aquilo que veio a ser chamado pela academia de \"paradigma do crime\", explicava apenas parcialmente o comportamento do contribuinte. Surge, então, toda uma linha de pesquisa contrapondo esse paradigma racional, partindo da constatação de que o comportamento do contribuinte é muito mais complexo do que inicialmente se supunha, merecendo uma análise multidisciplinar, ou seja, que não se restrinja ao campo econômico, mas que também abarque outras disciplinas. Esse novo paradigma foi denominado pela academia de \"paradigma do serviço\" que, em linhas gerais, contempla outros fatores envolvidos no ato de pagar tributos, inclusive psicológicos, pressupondo, de tal modo, que o contribuinte não é um indivíduo racional unicamente preocupado em maximizar sua utilidade, devendo ser visto pela administração pública como uma espécie de cliente, e recebendo tratamento adequado e serviços públicos de qualidade em contrapartida ao cumprimento de suas obrigações tributárias. O presente estudo faz uma apreciação dos dois paradigmas, introduzindo nessa avaliação conceitos da ciência denominada Análise do Comportamento, cujos ensinamentos sobre a aprendizagem e o comportamento humano têm o potencial de contribuir de forma significativa para o entendimento do assunto. Testando os pressupostos teóricos apresentados no decorrer do trabalho, foram realizados dois estudos empíricos, tomando-se como base o modelo criado pelo pesquisador e psicólogo Erich Kirchler, denominado Slippery Slope Framework, que confirma estudos anteriores e demonstra que tanto punições quanto recompensas são instrumentos eficazes no combate à evasão fiscal, sugerindo que a integração dos paradigmas \"do crime\" e \"do serviço\", bem como a inserção dos princípios da Análise do Comportamento nesta análise é um caminho promissor no combate à evasão fiscal. / Research on tax compliance has arisen in the economic field with seminal studies based upon the works of Allingham and Sandmo (1972) and Srinivasan (1973). Such articles were based on Becker\'s theory (1968) on crime and punishment, accepting the classic economic paradigm, which presupposes that individuals show rational behaviors. Nevertheless, in the past decades, many researchers have noticed that such paradigm, which gave rise to what is referred to, by the academy, as \"crime paradigm\", explained the behavior of taxpayers solely in part, and an entire line of research opposing such rational paradigm arose, based upon the verification that the behavior of taxpayers is much more complex than what was originally presumed, deserving a multidisciplinary analysis, i.e., not restricted to the economic field, but that, further, encompasses other subjects. Such new paradigm was designated by the academy as \"service paradigm\" that, in general, contemplates other factors involved in the act of paying taxes, including psychological factors, thus presupposing that taxpayers are not rational individuals solely concerned about maximizing the function thereof, they should be deemed, by the public administration, to be clients, and should receive appropriate treatment and quality public services in return for complying with their tax obligations. This study analyzes two paradigms, introducing in such analysis concepts of the science called Behavior Analysis, the teachings on learning and human behavior of which have potential to significantly contribute to better understanding the subject. Testing the theoretical assumptions presented throughout the study, two empirical analyses were conducted, based upon the model created by researcher and psychologist Erich Kirchler, referred to as Slippery Slope Model, which confirms previous studies and indicates that both punishment and reward are effective tools to fight against tax evasion, suggesting that integrating \"crime\" and \"service\" paradigms and inserting concepts of the Behavior Analysis Science in this analysis is highly promising to fight against tax evasion.

The present study addresses the question of how taxpayers' perceptions of government and tax authorities are influenced by media coverage. The effect that national political topics, such as tax legislation and the expenditure of tax revenues, have on the tax payer is examined. Tax compliance depends on trust in authorities, i.e., a commonly shared belief that politicians and tax authorities act in order to promote social welfare, and the perceived power of authorities, i.e., taxpayers' perceptions of tax authorities' ability to detect and pursue tax crime. We investigate the influence of specific tax related information in the news on intended tax compliance. Results from a questionnaire-based experiment with 487 employees indicate that media coverage influences the indicated trust in tax authorities, as well as the perceived power of governmental institutions, and consequently, has an impact on participants' intended tax compliance. The findings suggest that governments should actively engage in the provision of relevant information on tax matters. This would increase both trust in the state and the authorities as well as awareness of their power regarding the enforcement of tax laws, effectively acting as a means to regulate taxpayers' behavior. (authors' abstract) / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

Purpose - The paper aims to analyse the perception SMEs in Sweden have of the corporate income tax system's treatment of online data collection. Methodology – This study employs a qualitative research approach in which the authors implemented a deductive phenomenological research approach. The paper incorporates both exploratory and descriptive research methodologies as its primary research approaches. These approaches were deemed most suited by the authors to collect both primary and secondary data tailored to the research objectives. The primary data source consists of semi-structured interviews with six Swedish SMEs, selected through a judgment-based approach. An in-depth investigation of the current literature formed the foundation of the secondary data collection. Findings – The findings suggest that the SMEs studied in this paper address their perceptions of the CITS’s treatment of ODC through (I) Online Data Privacy, (II) Distributional Tax Fairness, (III) Retributive Tax Fairness, (IV) Procedural Tax Fairness, (V) Complexity, (VI) Trust, (VII) Growth Obstruction Practical implications – The practical implications of this study are valuable for policymakers, SMEs and any type of stakeholders interested in the corporate income tax system's treatment of online data collection. This research can help improve the CITS's effectiveness and reduce the compliance burden on SMEs in Sweden. Policymakers can leverage the insights and perceptions of Swedish SMEs to modernize the CITS to the 21st century and implement ODC practices that are most suitable according to the SME’s preferences. SMEs on the other hand can leverage the insights and perceptions of this study to gain a better understanding of the CITS and its treatment on the components of value creation, including ODC practices. External stakeholders can use the study findings to gain an understanding of the field of research and implement it according to their needs, such as through the assistance of SMEs in their ODC practices concerning the CITS. Originality/value – The originality and value of this paper lie in the novel focus on Swedish SMEs' perception of the CITS's treatment of ODC. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to explore this topic in Sweden, contributing to the literature on the CITS, ODC practices and the treatment of ODC through the CITS. Keywords – Corporate Income Taxation, Corporate Income Taxation System, Tax Perceptions, SMEs, The Slippery Slope Framework, Complexity, Distributional Fairness, Retributive Fairness, Procedural Fairness, Growth, Tax Benefits, Privacy, Punishment, Trust Paper type – Research Paper