Fyhr, Karl (2012). Participation in Upgrading of Informal Settlements -a case study of the project “City In-situ Rehabilitation Scheme for Urban Poor Staying in Slums in City of Pune under BSUP, JNNURM”. Fyhr is a student at Human Geography Department at Stockholm University. This thesis for the course Urban and Regional Planning has been supervised by Andrew Byerley. The aim is to put the participatory approach of slum upgrading in context of rationality. What are different stakeholders approaches towards participatory planning? Are there any potential conflicts of interests with the participation approach used in the Yerwada project? Who are actually participating in real practice? How can different ways of rational thinking be explained in the questions above? This thesis is based on a 10 weeks MFS-study in India. The methodology is a case- study of a slum-upgrading project in Yerwada slum located in the city of Pune. Focus is on different rationalities which are embedded in the project. Two main rationalities are identified, the professionals’ rationality contra the beneficiaries. A clash between the two rationalities can be identified. This clash can be reduced by influence of NGOs and CBOs cooperating with authorities and building a bridge between professionals and the urban poor.              Key words: Yerwada, slum- upgrading, informal settlements, rationality, urban- poor, power, SPARC.

Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. University, Diss., 2005.

Venezuela, a Latin American rentier state, went from experiencing 11 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants in 1983 to 44 in 2002. My dissertation project examines why this significant increase in social violence took place by analysing the relationship between slum development and the withering of institutions of social control in the country after the 1970s. This article however only discusses the conceptual framework behind the dwindling of institutions of social control. The hypothesis of this article (and that of my dissertation) is that a Durkheimian anomic gap was fomented in the Venezuelan slums because transition to modernity (rural-to-urban migration) did not allow recreating institutions that promoted norms of social interaction, which reduce the possibility of violent conflict between people. It concludes by reviewing the tentative methodology that will be applied in my dissertation to confirm or dismiss the aforementioned hypothesis. / In Venezuela, einem lateinamerikanischen Rentierstaat, stieg die Zahl der Totschläge pro 100.000 Einwohner von 11 im Jahr 1983 auf 44 im Jahr 2002. In meiner Dissertation wird untersucht, warum sich diese signifikante Steigerung der sozialen Gewalt nach den 1970er Jahren ereignet. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine Analyse der Beziehung zwischen Slumentwicklung und dem Weichen von Institutionen der sozialen Kontrolle vorgenommen werden. Dieser Artikel beschreibt den konzeptionellen Rahmen um diesen Kausalzusammenhang zu belegen. Die Hypothese meines Forschungsvorhabens ist, dass der rasante Übergang in die Moderne (die Land-Stadt-Migration) eine normfreie Zone entstehen ließ. Der Artikel endet mit der Überprüfung der vorläufigen Methodik, die in meiner Dissertation die oben genannte Hypothese zu negieren oder zu bestätigen sucht.

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In the recent decades, the Government of India has implemented a unique approach to the problem of slum proliferation in Mumbai. By providing an innovative cross-subsidy to private developers, the administration has created a working model for Public-Private-Partnership in Slum Rehabilitation. This report traces the evolution of this model through an extensive literature review of the preceding schemes. It also critiques the models on its impact on public life and provides recommendations for future policy decisions. / text

This thesis is sited in Mukuru-Kwa-Njenga, a slum community in Nairobi, Kenya. Like many others around the world, this community faces issues of health, sanitation, mobility, and basic services. Through the investigation of these issues, a set of guidelines have been developed to help this slum community become a responsible and supportive environment that promotes participation from its residents, local governments, and the global population. After first acknowledging the complexity of the situation with regards to the formation and growth of slums, and the multi-layered problems that exist within them, the guidelines presented here are combined and herein named “Kijiji Kit”. “Kijiji” means “communal settlement” in Swahili. Hence, the Kijiji Kit is a resource tool for slum communities that can help build communal living environments for the urban poor. It consists of probable methods of zoning processes (determined through site analysis), community infrastructure essentials (such as health care and educational facilities), and individual infrastructure systems (such as rainwater collection). It is not a physical entity but a long-term working model of the community operating on three scales: city, community, and individual. On a city scale, collaboration between governments, institutions, municipalities, public and private sectors, and the community is integral. The responsibilities of the state, specifically in terms of funding and policies, play a significant factor in strengthening urban slums. On a community scale, certain infrastructural systems and basic services are required, such as public transit, health care, and housing to ensure that proper support exists for the community to function effectively. Slum upgrading is one method that can begin helping communities develop resourcefully and independently. Finally, the individuals who form the community must be active participants in the processes that affect them. They must want change and be willing to put the time and dedication into the processes that will bring positive growth to their community. Based on the basic needs of the most vulnerable population – the orphans – the Kijiji Kit is a comprehensive and holistic approach to improving life in urban slums and calls for an overlapping of many disciplines, including architecture. Architecture is an essential component in developing and structuring communities. This thesis explores the social impact of architecture and how it can bring change to both the physical and social environment of slum communities.

This thesis is sited in Mukuru-Kwa-Njenga, a slum community in Nairobi, Kenya. Like many others around the world, this community faces issues of health, sanitation, mobility, and basic services. Through the investigation of these issues, a set of guidelines have been developed to help this slum community become a responsible and supportive environment that promotes participation from its residents, local governments, and the global population. After first acknowledging the complexity of the situation with regards to the formation and growth of slums, and the multi-layered problems that exist within them, the guidelines presented here are combined and herein named “Kijiji Kit”. “Kijiji” means “communal settlement” in Swahili. Hence, the Kijiji Kit is a resource tool for slum communities that can help build communal living environments for the urban poor. It consists of probable methods of zoning processes (determined through site analysis), community infrastructure essentials (such as health care and educational facilities), and individual infrastructure systems (such as rainwater collection). It is not a physical entity but a long-term working model of the community operating on three scales: city, community, and individual. On a city scale, collaboration between governments, institutions, municipalities, public and private sectors, and the community is integral. The responsibilities of the state, specifically in terms of funding and policies, play a significant factor in strengthening urban slums. On a community scale, certain infrastructural systems and basic services are required, such as public transit, health care, and housing to ensure that proper support exists for the community to function effectively. Slum upgrading is one method that can begin helping communities develop resourcefully and independently. Finally, the individuals who form the community must be active participants in the processes that affect them. They must want change and be willing to put the time and dedication into the processes that will bring positive growth to their community. Based on the basic needs of the most vulnerable population – the orphans – the Kijiji Kit is a comprehensive and holistic approach to improving life in urban slums and calls for an overlapping of many disciplines, including architecture. Architecture is an essential component in developing and structuring communities. This thesis explores the social impact of architecture and how it can bring change to both the physical and social environment of slum communities.

Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2007.

Zugl.: International Faith Theological Seminary (IFTS), Magisterarbeit, 2009.

Zugl.: Heidelberg, Universiẗat, Diss., 1990.