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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The Effects of Naturally Occurring Plant Products on Experimental Haemonchus contortus Infection in Gerbils and Sheep

Squires, Jill Marie 08 June 2009 (has links)
Haemonchus contortus is a blood-sucking abomasal helminth of small ruminants responsible for major economic losses to producers worldwide. Widespread resistance to commercial anthelmintics has created a need for alternative methods of parasite control. One method involves using plant products with natural anthelmintic properties. This thesis assessed the efficacy of several plant products against experimental Haemonchus contortus infection in gerbils and sheep. In gerbil assays, animals were orally infected with 600 third-stage Haemonchus larvae and treated once or daily for 5 days with artemisinin, Artemisia annua aqueous or ethanolic extract, an orange oil emulsion, or Asimina triloba ethanolic extract. Nine days post-infection, gerbils were euthanized, their stomachs removed, and the worms counted. Significant anthelmintic activity was not found for artemisinin, A. annua extracts, or A. triloba extract. The orange oil product caused significant parasite reductions up to 87.8% when administered for 5 days. The orange oil emulsion was tested in sheep to evaluate the product against Haemonchus in its natural host. Sheep were orally inoculated with 10,000 Haemonchus larvae and, one month later, dosed with the emulsion once or daily for 3 days. Fecal egg counts were monitored daily starting on the first day of dosing and continuing to 14 days post-dosing. Results showed that a single dose of the product caused highly significant fecal egg count reduction (97.4%) compared to control sheep and that there is no advantage to treating for 3 days. Thus, the orange oil emulsion shows promise as an alternative to commercial dewormers. / Master of Science
2

Efeito da castração e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de cordeiros cruzados Dorper x Santa Inês / Effect of castration and confinement time on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of crossbred lambs Dorper x Santa Ines

Mazon, Madeline Rezende 18 January 2013 (has links)
A intensificação do sistema de produção da carne ovina é influenciada por algumas técnicas de manejo como a castração e o sistema de confinamento, tendo como objetivo produto de melhor qualidade sensorial e nutricional desejada pelo consumidor e maior rentabilidade para o produtor. Portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar desempenho, características de carcaça e da carne, qualidade sensorial e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros não castrados e castrados abatidos em diferentes períodos de confinamento. Foram utilizados 48 machos Dorper x Santa Inês com 32,3 ± 5,04 kg de peso corporal e 104 dias de idade no início do experimento. Os animais foram alojados dois por baia de acordo com o peso inicial (bloco) e após 14 dias de adaptação ao local foram alimentados com uma dieta com 75% grão de milho inteiro, 20% de pelete protéico mineral e 5% de feno de capim coast cross. Os animais foram desmamados aos 90 dias de idade e após a adaptação vinte e quatro animais foram castrados com o burdizzo aos 113 dias de idade. A alimentação e as sobras foram pesadas diariamente para determinações de matéria seca e eficiência alimentar. Os animais foram pesados no início do experimento e a cada 14 dias. Foram perdidas duas parcelas experimentais. Os animais foram abatidos após 36 ou 78 dias de confinamento (metade de cada sexo) para determinação das características da carcaça e da carne e foram colhidas amostras do m. Longissimus dorsi para análise do perfil de ácidos graxos e análise sensorial com painel treinado. Em vista dos resultados obtidos para cordeiros jovens desse tipo de cruzamento e alimentados com esta dieta, os animais não castrados tiveram melhor desempenho, características de carcaça e de carne que os castrados, já na qualidade sensorial poucos resultados foram significativos enquanto que no perfil de ácidos graxos houve efeitos e interações entre a condição sexual e o tempo de confinamento, indicando que animais castrados abatidos aos 36 dias tiveram um carne mais magra, com maior porcentagem de n-3 e relação AGP:AGS. / The intensification of the production system of sheep meat is influenced by some management techniques such as castration and confinement system, aiming to produce better sensory and nutritional quality desired by consumers and more profitable for the producer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics and meat sensory quality and fatty acid profile of lamb meat from non-castrated and castrated slaughtered at different periods of confinement. We used 48 male Dorper x St. Agnes with 32.3 ± 5.04 kg body weight and 104 days old at the start of the experiment. The animals were housed two per cage according to the initial weight (block) and after 14 days of adaptation to site were fed a diet containing 75% whole grain corn, 20% protein pellet mineral and 5% grass hay Coast cross. The animals were weaned at 90 days of age and after adjustment twenty-four animals were castrated with burdizzo to 113 days of age. The food and leftovers were weighed daily for determinations of dry matter and feed efficiency. The animals were weighed at baseline and every 14 days. We lost two experimental plots. The animals were killed after 36 or 78 days of confinement (half of each sex) to determine the characteristics of the carcass and meat and samples were taken from m. Longissimus for analysis of fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation with trained panel. In view of the results obtained for young lambs this type of intersection and fed this diet, the animals were not castrated best performance, carcass characteristics and meat castrated, have sensory quality were few significant results while in acid profile acids were effects and interactions between the sexual condition and the time of confinement, indicating that castrated animals slaughtered at 36 days had a more lean meat, with higher n-3 and relationship AGP: AGS.
3

Tramadol em caprinos: efeitos clínicos, farmacocinética e biodisponibilidade / Tramadol in goats: clinical effect, pharmacokinetic and bioavaliability

Nunes, Talyta Lins 24 April 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-06-21T13:36:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TalytaLN_TESE.pdf: 1505855 bytes, checksum: f450d9b1a9eb7f3e1dc8fddf45518523 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-06-22T11:39:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TalytaLN_TESE.pdf: 1505855 bytes, checksum: f450d9b1a9eb7f3e1dc8fddf45518523 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-06-22T11:41:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TalytaLN_TESE.pdf: 1505855 bytes, checksum: f450d9b1a9eb7f3e1dc8fddf45518523 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T11:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TalytaLN_TESE.pdf: 1505855 bytes, checksum: f450d9b1a9eb7f3e1dc8fddf45518523 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Tramadol is an atypical opioid analgesic widely used in humans and in the routine of the small animal clinic. Due to the lack of studies that determine its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, its use in production animals is restricted. The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical, familial and bioavailability effects of tramadol in goats. The study was divided into two phases: the first one evaluated the clinical effects of tramadol at doses of 2 and 4 mg / kg intravenously; In the second stage, the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol were evaluated after intravenous and intramuscular administration at a dose of 4 mg / kg. Opioid has been shown to be safe and effective in the control of orchiectomy pain and should be given every 6 and 8 hours at doses of 2 and 4 mg / kg. The intramuscular opioid has bioavailability of 62%. The data from this research provide information on tramadol and its metabolites, and serve as the basis for future studies involving the drug and the plasm / O tramadol é um analgésico opioide atípico amplamente utilizado em humanos e na rotina da clínica de pequenos animais. Devido ausência de estudos que determinam as características farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas, sua utilização em animais de produção é restrita. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos clínicos, farmacocinética e biodisponibilidade do tramadol em caprinos. O estudo foi dividido em duas fases: na primeira, realizou-se avaliação dos efeitos clínicos do tramadol nas doses de 2 e 4 mg/kg intravenoso em caprinos submetidos a orquiectomia e na segunda etapa, realizou-se avaliação da biodisponibilidade e dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos do tramadol e O-desmetiltramadol após administração intravenosa e intramuscular em caprinos, na dose de 4 mg/kg. O opioide mostrou-se seguro e eficaz no controle da dor da orquiectomia, devendo ser administrado a cada 6 e 8 horas, nas doses de 2 e 4 mg/kg. O opioide intramuscular tem biodisponibilidade de 62%. Os dados desta pesquisa fornecem informações relevantes a respeito do tramadol e seus metabólitos e servem de base para estudos futuros envolvendo o fármaco e a matriz biológica / 2017-06-21
4

Efeito da castração e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de cordeiros cruzados Dorper x Santa Inês / Effect of castration and confinement time on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of crossbred lambs Dorper x Santa Ines

Madeline Rezende Mazon 18 January 2013 (has links)
A intensificação do sistema de produção da carne ovina é influenciada por algumas técnicas de manejo como a castração e o sistema de confinamento, tendo como objetivo produto de melhor qualidade sensorial e nutricional desejada pelo consumidor e maior rentabilidade para o produtor. Portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar desempenho, características de carcaça e da carne, qualidade sensorial e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros não castrados e castrados abatidos em diferentes períodos de confinamento. Foram utilizados 48 machos Dorper x Santa Inês com 32,3 ± 5,04 kg de peso corporal e 104 dias de idade no início do experimento. Os animais foram alojados dois por baia de acordo com o peso inicial (bloco) e após 14 dias de adaptação ao local foram alimentados com uma dieta com 75% grão de milho inteiro, 20% de pelete protéico mineral e 5% de feno de capim coast cross. Os animais foram desmamados aos 90 dias de idade e após a adaptação vinte e quatro animais foram castrados com o burdizzo aos 113 dias de idade. A alimentação e as sobras foram pesadas diariamente para determinações de matéria seca e eficiência alimentar. Os animais foram pesados no início do experimento e a cada 14 dias. Foram perdidas duas parcelas experimentais. Os animais foram abatidos após 36 ou 78 dias de confinamento (metade de cada sexo) para determinação das características da carcaça e da carne e foram colhidas amostras do m. Longissimus dorsi para análise do perfil de ácidos graxos e análise sensorial com painel treinado. Em vista dos resultados obtidos para cordeiros jovens desse tipo de cruzamento e alimentados com esta dieta, os animais não castrados tiveram melhor desempenho, características de carcaça e de carne que os castrados, já na qualidade sensorial poucos resultados foram significativos enquanto que no perfil de ácidos graxos houve efeitos e interações entre a condição sexual e o tempo de confinamento, indicando que animais castrados abatidos aos 36 dias tiveram um carne mais magra, com maior porcentagem de n-3 e relação AGP:AGS. / The intensification of the production system of sheep meat is influenced by some management techniques such as castration and confinement system, aiming to produce better sensory and nutritional quality desired by consumers and more profitable for the producer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics and meat sensory quality and fatty acid profile of lamb meat from non-castrated and castrated slaughtered at different periods of confinement. We used 48 male Dorper x St. Agnes with 32.3 ± 5.04 kg body weight and 104 days old at the start of the experiment. The animals were housed two per cage according to the initial weight (block) and after 14 days of adaptation to site were fed a diet containing 75% whole grain corn, 20% protein pellet mineral and 5% grass hay Coast cross. The animals were weaned at 90 days of age and after adjustment twenty-four animals were castrated with burdizzo to 113 days of age. The food and leftovers were weighed daily for determinations of dry matter and feed efficiency. The animals were weighed at baseline and every 14 days. We lost two experimental plots. The animals were killed after 36 or 78 days of confinement (half of each sex) to determine the characteristics of the carcass and meat and samples were taken from m. Longissimus for analysis of fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation with trained panel. In view of the results obtained for young lambs this type of intersection and fed this diet, the animals were not castrated best performance, carcass characteristics and meat castrated, have sensory quality were few significant results while in acid profile acids were effects and interactions between the sexual condition and the time of confinement, indicating that castrated animals slaughtered at 36 days had a more lean meat, with higher n-3 and relationship AGP: AGS.
5

Análise da entrecasca do cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale) e da ameixa do mato (Ximenia americana) no coto umbilical de caprinos e ovinos como antisséptico natural / Analysis of the cashew tree inner bark (Anacardium occidentale) and ameixa do mato (Ximenia americana) in the stump cord of sheep and goats as natural antiseptic

Faraj, Khaled Salim Dantas Aby 25 August 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-22T15:48:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KhaledSDAF_DISSERT.pdf: 1652583 bytes, checksum: 6b68b9459cfef1773aadaf9370dcd0dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T15:48:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KhaledSDAF_DISSERT.pdf: 1652583 bytes, checksum: 6b68b9459cfef1773aadaf9370dcd0dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / By theincreasing of pathogenic microorganisms resistance´s to drugs due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, there is the concern to seek alternative therapies. The diversity of medicinal plants known in the Caatinga is high and getting in the community suggests a strong correlation between the using and traditional knowledge of these plants. During breastfeeding, the umbilical stump becomes gateway to pathogens that can cause infection and subsequent death of the animals. The objective is to characterize the technological and social aspects of decoction use as an antiseptic of the inner bark of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) and bush plum (Ximeniaamericana) in the umbilical stump of sheep and goats in settlements of Mossoró / RN with producers of the “Associação de Criadores de Caprinos do Oeste Potiguar e Região de Mossoró –ASCCOM”. Statistical analysis (in vitro) was used a completely randomized arrangement, considering as treatments the concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5% and iodine and chlorhexidine as a positive control with three replicates in the analysis of inhibition of bacterial growth halo, with its analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the application of the Tukey test at 5% probability. In the in vivo analysis, the application of decoctions happened once daily for 6 days and were collected swabs of navels and sent to the Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory of UFERSA, this was used Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% probability in comparison of treatments with iodine glycerin, decoction of the bark of A. occidentaleand X. americana., to observe the growth of bacterial colonies forming units. For the statistical analysis of data collected in the questionnaires it was used descriptive statistics. The results obtained for the presence of microorganisms such as Actinomycesspp., Acinetobacterspp., Aeromonasspp., Bacillus coagulans, Corynebacteriumsp., Citrobactersp., Escherichia coli, Enterobactersp., Pasteurella sp., Stomatococcusspp. Staphylococcusspp. and Xanthomonas maltophilia. The decoctions of A. occidentaleand X.americanapresented a great antiseptic action in vitroand in vivo. Most respondents had the age over of forty years old and had knowledge about the use of medicinal plants, had incomplete primary education and form of income was livestock. It was observed that Xamericana.is the most widely used plant. The main therapeutic indication is for wounds, the most used part of the inner bark and tea was, however, used orally or topically. A. occidentaleand knew X. Americanas herbal and had onfalopatia inthe cattle.The minority conductedtreatment with medicinal plants, although they believe in the use of medicinal plants efficiency. Most producers affirmed that the knowledge of the use of medicinal plants was passed on through family were traditional knowledge and conservation by maintaining the nature reserve. The inner bark of the cashew action prevents onfaloflebite. We can conclude that the plants A. occidentaleand X.americanaare an alternative as antiseptics, as well as the use of traditional knowledge about plants are a reality in the rural settlements of Mossoró / RN / Com aumento da resistência de micro-organismos patogênicos às drogas e uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos, surge a preocupação para procurar alternativas terapêuticas. A diversidade de plantas medicinais conhecida na Caatinga é elevada e sua obtenção na comunidade sugere uma forte correlação entre uso e o conhecimento tradicional dessas plantas. Durante a amamentação, o coto umbilical se torna porta de entrada para patógenos que podem causar infecção e posterior óbito dos animais. Objetiva-se caracterizar os aspectos tecnológicos e sociais do uso do decócto como antisséptico da entrecasca do cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale) e da ameixa do mato (Ximenia americana) no coto umbilical de ovinos e caprinos em assentamentos de Mossoró/ RN, com produtores da Associação de criadores de caprinos do oeste potiguar e região de Mossoró – ASCCOM. Para análise estatística (in vitro) foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualisado, considerando-se como tratamentos as concentrações de 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5% e iodo e clorexidine como controle positivo, com três repetições na análise da inibição do halo de crescimento bacteriano, com respectiva análise de variância (ANOVA) seguida da aplicação do teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Na análise in vivo, a aplicação dos decóctos aconteceu uma vez ao dia, durante 6 dias e foram colhidos suabes dos umbigos e enviado ao laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária da UFERSA, neste, foi utilizado teste de Kruskal-Wallis, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, na comparação dos tratamentos com iodo, glicerina, decócto da entrecasca do A. occidentale e X. americana, para observação do crescimento das unidades formadoras de colônias bacterianas. Para análise estatística dos dados coletados nos questionários, utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Como resultados obteve-se a presença de micro-organismos como Actinomyces spp., Acinetobacter spp., Aeromonas sp., Bacillus coagulans, Corynebacterium sp., Citrobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Pasteurella sp., Stomatococcus spp. Staphylococcus spp. e Xanthomonas maltophilia. Os decóctos de A. occidentale e X. americana apresentaram ótima ação antisséptica in vitro e in vivo. A maioria dos entrevistados apresentaram idade superior a quarenta anos e tinham conhecimento sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais, apresentavam ensino fundamental incompleto e a forma de renda era pecuária. Foi observado que a X. americana é a planta mais utilizada. A principal indicação terapêutica foi para feridas, a parte mais utilizada a entrecasca e a forma foi o chá, contudo, utilizada por via oral ou tópica. Conheciam A. occidentale e X. americana como fitoterápico e tiveram onfalopatia no rebanho. A minoria realizou tratamento com plantas medicinais, embora acreditem na eficiência do uso das plantas medicinais. A maioria dos produtores afirmaram que o conhecimento do uso de plantas medicinais era repassado através do conhecimento tradicional familiar e faziam a conservação através da manutenção da reserva natural. A ação de entrecasca do cajueiro previne a onfaloflebite. Podemos concluir que as plantas A. occidentale e X. americana são uma alternativa como antissépticos, bem como o uso o conhecimento tradicional sobre as plantas são uma realidade nos assentamentos rurais de Mossoró/ RN / 2017-02-22
6

Impacts des interactions entre le statut nutritionnel et parasitisme gastro-intestinal sur les réponses animales chez les petits ruminants / Impacts of interactions between nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasitism on animal responses in small ruminantsnal des petits ruminants

Ceriac, Steve 26 October 2018 (has links)
Les infestations par les strongles gastro-intestinaux (SGI) constituent une cause majeure de morbidité et de mortalité chez les petits ruminants élevés au pâturage et entraînent donc des pertes de production. En raison de l'émergence de la résistance aux anthelminthiques et des préoccupations des consommateurs concernant les résidus chimiques dans les produits animaux, des stratégies alternatives de contrôle sont nécessaires. L'objectif n'est plus l'éradication totale de la population parasitaire, mais plutôt un meilleur contrôle de ces populations pour atteindre un équilibre favorable à la production animale entre l'hôte et les parasites. Une stratégie prometteuse pour le contrôle des SGI est l'amélioration de la réponse de l'hôte par le statut nutritionnel des animaux. Bien que les chèvres soient plus sensibles que les moutons aux infestations par les NGI, la plupart des programmes de recherche visant à caractériser les interactions hôtes-NGI est menée chez les ovins. Contrairement à l’idée que les résultats acquis chez le mouton seraient applicables aux chèvres du fait de leur proximité, de nombreuses études soulignent des différences significatives entre ces modèles. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’étudier l’impact du statut nutritionnel en termes de quantité de protéines et d’énergie et de la qualité des protéines apportée par la ration sur les réponses (production vs réponse contre le parasitisme) de caprins Créole infestés expérimentalement par Haemonchus contortus. Nous avons montré que le statut nutritionnel permettait de réduire la sévérité et la durée de l’anémie régénérative et de la thrombopénie induite par H. contortus chez le caprin Créole. La ration enrichie en protéines était associée à de la résilience vis-à-vis de l’infestation plutôt que de la résistance. / Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in small ruminants at pasture and therefore lead to production losses. Due to the emergence of anthelmintic resistance and consumer concerns about chemical residues in animal products, alternative control strategies are needed. The objective is no longer the total eradication of the parasite population, but rather a better control of these populations to achieve a favorable balance between the host and the parasites to improve animal production. A promising strategy for NGI control is to improve the host response through the nutritional status of the animals. Although goats are more susceptible than sheep to NGI infestations, most research programs to characterize host-NGI interactions are conducted in sheep. In contrast with the idea that the results obtained in sheep will be applicable to goats because of their proximity, many studies highlight significant differences between these models. The objective of this research project was to study the impact of nutritional status in terms of protein and energy quantity and protein quality provided by the diet on the responses (production vs response against parasitism) of Creole goats experimentally infested by Haemonchus contortus. We have shown that nutritional status reduces the severity and duration of regenerative anemia and H. contortus-induced thrombocytopenia in Creole goats. The protein-enriched diet was associated with resilience to infection rather than resistance
7

Evaluation of the small ruminant nutrition system model using growth data of South African mutton merino and dorper lambs

Linsky, Anta January 2013 (has links)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the Small Ruminant Nutrition System (SRNS) model’s performance predictions for lambs under South African conditions using growth and body composition data of early- (Dorper) and late-maturing (South African Mutton Merino), indigenous sheep breeds. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) biological model has consistently been modified to include recent information. This has led to the development of the SRNS model, but up to now the SRNS model has only been validated with European sheep breeds under European conditions. Thirty two Dorper, 16 male and 16 female lambs, and 36 South African Mutton Merino, 18 male and 18 female lambs, were fed a grower diet for the experimental period of 60 days. Three groups of lambs of each breed were slaughtered as the lambs reached pre-determined target weights. The first group of 24 animals (slaughter group 1) was slaughtered at the onset of the experiment at a live weight of 20 kg. With the second group (slaughter group 2) the South African Mutton Merinos were slaughtered at an average weight of 35 kg and the Dorpers at an average weight of 30 kg. The last group (slaughter group 3) had an average weight of 50 kg for the South African Mutton Merinos and 40 kg for the Dorpers at slaughter. Using the data from this trial, predictions of the average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (DMI), empty body gain and the composition of the empty body gain were used to evaluate the model. The animals were divided into three slaughter groups, based on growth stage, for the determination of body composition data. Energy value of gain (EVG), fat and protein content on a shrunk and empty body weight basis were compared with the corresponding values predicted by the SRNS. Growth composition of the lambs was determined by dividing them into two growth periods. Average daily gain and DMI were evaluated in the experiment, and results compared to the mean ADG and DMI predictions obtained from the SNRS model. Two different equations were compared to estimate EVG and two sets of coefficients were also compared for the EVG. Five different equations were compared to estimate the efficiency of conversion of metabolisable energy (ME) to net energy (NE) for gain, kg. The correction factor to adjust for the increase in the size of the visceral organs as nutrient intake increases and the coefficient for the effect of gender on maintenance requirements were tested for relevance of use in the SRNS. Overall, based on these evaluations it appears that the original SRNS model gave the best predictions when compared to any of the modifications tested. With regards to ADG the model over-predicts the requirements of the lambs in the early growth stage and under-predicts the requirements of the lambs in the later growth stage. The DMI predictions that were made using the original SRNS were accurate. The evaluation of the SNRS predictions in relation to the composition of gain indicated that this model over-predicted both the fat and the protein content of gain. The predictions were accurate, however the precision was low. The low precision was probably due to the lack of variation in the measured range of fat and protein content of gain. Before field application further studies and adjustments to the SRNS model is required, especially with regard to predictions on the fat and protein content of gain and over or under predictions of ADG during different growth stages of Dorper and South African Mutton Merino lambs. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted
8

Etude des variants structuraux génomiques pour comprendre les processus démographiques et adaptatifs impliqués dans la domestication des petits ruminants / Genome structural variations to understand the adaptive anddemographic processes during domestication of small ruminants.

Cumer, Tristan 13 December 2017 (has links)
Les variants structuraux génomiques (SVs) composent une large part du polymorphisme observable entre les individus mais leurs impacts sur les processus micro-évolutifs restent mal connus et leur étude à large échelle est rare.La première partie de ce manuscrit est une étude de la bibliographie portant sur les SVs décrits chez les animaux domestiques. Cette partie met en avant l'importance des SVs dans la modification des gènes ou de leur régulation, impactant un grand nombre de traits sélectionnés lors de la domestication, en lien avec la productivité, la morphologie ou encore le comportement.Basée sur l’étude de données de reséquençage de 500 génomes complets de petits ruminants sauvages et domestiques, la seconde partie, ciblant trois SVs décrits dans la bibliographie, a permis (i) de réfuter l’hypothèse d’amplification en lien avec la domestication des copies endogènes protectrices du retrovirus JSRV situées dans la région 6q13 du mouton, (ii) d’identifier des duplications entourant et affectant le gène ASIP qui seraient impliquées dans les modifications de coloration du pelage en lien avec la domestication des petits ruminants, ainsi que (iii) de montrer un potentiel rôle adaptatif d'un haplotype du locus de la beta-globine lié au climat aride chez le mouton.La troisième partie se base sur une recherche sans a priori de l’ensemble des SVs présents dans des génomes complets. Au travers du développement d’une méthode de détection des SVs et de son application, cette partie permet de décrire environ 50k et 20k SVs dans les génomes des Ovis et des Capra. Parmi ces SVs, 135 chez Ovis et 70 chez Capra semblent liés à la domestication et affectent des gènes impliqués dans l’amélioration, l’immunité, la reproduction ou la survie. De plus, les distributions de 130 SVs pour les moutons et 35 SVs pour les chèvres covarient avec des variables environnementales au Maroc. Certains affectent des gènes impliqués dans la morphologie, l’immunité et le métabolisme.Ce travail met ainsi en avant de nombreux variants qui peuvent impacter des gènes et qui ont pu être ciblés lors la domestication initiale, des étapes d’amélioration ultérieure ou de l’adaptation locale des petits ruminants. Il démontre l'importance de prendre en compte les variants structuraux dans les études génomiques visant à décrire les bases génétiques de la domestication. / Genomic structural variations (SVs) account for a large part of the polymorphism between individuals, but their impacts on micro-evolutionary processes remain poorly known and large-scale studies are scarce.The first part of this manuscript is a bibliographic study of SVs in domestic animals. This part highlights the importance of SVs in modifying genes or their regulation, impacting a large number of traits selected during domestication and linked to productivity, morphology or behaviour.Based on the study of resequenced data from 500 whole genomes of wild and domestic small ruminants, the second part, targeting three SVs described in the bibliography, allowed (i) to refute the hypothesis of a link between the domestication of sheep and the amplification of endogenous protective copies of the JSRV retrovirus located in the 6q13 region, l, (ii) to identify duplications surrounding and affecting the ASIP gene that could be involved in the coat color changes related to the domestication of small ruminants, as well as (iii) highlight a potential adaptive role to arid climate of an haplotype of beta-globin locus in sheep.In the third part, we conducted a whole genome survey of SVs . Through the development of a SVs detection method and its application, we could detect about 50k and 20k SVs in Ovis and Capra. Of these SVs, 135 and 70 in Ovis and Capra, respectively, appear to be linked with domestication and affect genes involved in improvement, immunity, reproduction or survival. In addition, in Morocco, the distributions of 130 SVs for sheep and 35 SVs for goats covariate with environmental variables. Some of them affect genes involved in morphology, immunity and metabolism.This work highlights that many variants impacting genes might have been targeted during initial domestication and subsequent improvement steps or during the local adaptation of sheep and goats. It demonstrates the importance of considering structural variants in genomic studies to describe the genetic basis of domestication.
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Ocorrência de doenças respiratórias causadas por bactérias e vírus em ovinos / Occurrence of respiratory diseases caused by bacteria and viruses in sheep

Franco, Mariane Ferreira 12 July 2018 (has links)
O Brasil é o 18ª maior produtor de carne ovina e, apesar de ser em grande parte informal, é uma cultura crescente no país. Dentre as enfermidades infecciosas que acomete a ovinocultura a broncopneumonia é uma das mais recorrentes, no entanto, não há muitos estudos sobre esta enfermidade em pequenos ruminantes no Brasil. Por isso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de doenças respiratórias no estado de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro causadas por bactérias e vírus. Para a realização desse projeto foi utilizado a técnica de lavado traqueobrônquico transtraqueal e coleta de sangue total para obtenção do soro em 99 ovinos. Essas amostras foram submetidas a teste de virusneutralização para identificação de anticorpos contra vírus da Parainfluenza Tipo 3 (PI-3), Herpesvírus Bovino Tipo 1 (BoHV- 1), Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino (BRSV) e Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina (VDVB). Utilização do teste de imunodifusão em gel de agarose e Eradikt® para detectar a presença de anticorpos contra Lentivírus de Pequenos Ruminantes (LVPR). Isolamento e identificação bioquímica para M. haemolytica e Pasteurella multocida. Cultivo e isolamento, identificação bioquímica e PCR foram testes utilizados para identificação de micoplasmas (Mycoplasma bovis, M. agalactiae, M. mycoides subsp. capri). Das 99 amostras coletadas, 33 foram de ovinos doentes e 66 de ovinos sadios. Não houve identificação de M. haemolytica e P. multocida, nem presença de anticorpos contra BoHV-1 e VDVB. No entanto, observou-se a prevalência de 52,52%, 48,48% e 21,87% de PI-3, BRSV e LVPR respectivamente. Em relação as bactérias aeróbias, houve maior frequência de isolamento de Bacillus sp. e Gram-negativas não fermentadoras. Apesar de identificar bactérias da classe Mollicutes em colônias isoladas em 23,28% das amostras, houve apenas uma identificação com os oligonucleotídeos utilizados, o M. mycoides subsp. capri, primeiro isolamento em ovinos no estado de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Houve diferença estatística significativa (p<0,05) entre animais com broncopneumonia e manifestações clínicas como taquipneia, hipertermia, secreção nasal, tosse, dispneia, crepitação fina e ronco e entre animais com broncopneumonia e não realizam de quarentena e não separam animais doentes. A broncopneumonia envolve vários fatores, incluindo o manejo, agente infeccioso e a imunidade do animal. Por isso, é necessário conhecer todos esses aspectos e associá-los para uma melhor prevenção e tratamento. / Brazil is the 18th largest producer of sheep meat and, despite being largely informal, is a growing crop in the country. Among the infectious diseases that affect sheep production, bronchopneumonia is one of the most recurrent, however, there are not many studies on this disease in small ruminants in Brazil. Therefore, this research aimed to verify the occurrence of respiratory diseases in the state of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro caused by bacteria and viruses. For the accomplishment of this project was used tracheobronchial lavage technique transtracheal and collection of whole blood to obtain serum in 99 sheep. These samples were submitted to virus neutralization test to identify antibodies against Parainfluenza Type 3 (PI-3), Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BoHV-1), Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). Use of the Eradikit ® and agarose gel immunodiffusion test to detect the presence of antibodies against Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (LVPR). Isolation and biochemical identification for M. haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. Cultivation and isolation, biochemical identification and PCR were used to identify mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma bovis, M. agalactiae, M. mycoides subsp. Capri). Of the 99 samples collected, 33 were from diseased sheep and 66 from healthy sheep. There was no identification of M. haemolytica and P. multocida, nor presence of antibodies against BoHV-1 and BVDV. However, the prevalence of 52.52%, 48.48% and 21.87% of PI-3, BRSV and LVPR, respectively, was observed. In relation to aerobic bacteria, there was a higher frequency of isolation of Bacillus sp. and Gram-negative non-fermenters. Despite identifying Mollicute class bacteria in isolated colonies in 23.28% of the samples, there was only one identification with the oligonucleotides used, M. mycoides subsp. capri, first isolation in sheep in the state of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. There was a significant statistical difference (p <0.05) between animals with bronchopneumonia and clinical manifestations such as tachypnea, hyperthermia, nasal secretion, cough, dyspnea, fine crackling and snoring, and between animals with bronchopneumonia and quarantine and separation of diseased animals. Bronchopneumonia involves several factors, including management, infectious agent and the immunity of the animal. Therefore, it is necessary to know all these aspects and to associate them for a better prevention and treatment.
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Caracteriza??o e modelagem dos sistemas de produ??o de caprinos leiteiros / Characterization and modeling of dairy goat production systems

Nobre, Priscila Torres 21 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PriscilaTN_DISSERT.pdf: 1453426 bytes, checksum: ee7ba96d3e5a4bcadc8c78e77ad84582 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The objectives of this research were characterizing the dairy goat production systems and model it using linear program. On the first step of this research, the model was developed using data from farms that was affiliated in the ACCOMIG/Caprileite, used a similar dairy goat production systems and have a partnership program with Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais . The data of research were from a structured questionnaire applied with farmers and monitoring of production systems during a guided visit on their farms. The results permitted identify that all farms were classified as a small and have a intensive production system. The average herd size had 63.75 dairy goats on lactation; it permits a production of 153, 38 kg of goat milk per day. It was observed that existing more than one channel of commercialization for the goat milk and their derivative products. The data obtained, on the first step of this research, was used to develop a linear program model. It was evaluated in two goat production systems, called P1 and P2. The results showed that the P1 system, with an annual birth and lactation during approximately 300 days was the best alternative for business. These results were compared with a mixed (beef and dairy) goat system in the semiarid region, which indicated merged with both systems. Therefore, to achieve profits and sustainability of the system, in all simulations it was necessary a minimum limit of funding of U.S. $ 10,000.00; this value permit earning of U.S. $ 792.00 per month and pay the investment within 5 years / Este trabalho objetivou realizar a caracteriza??o e modelagem de sistemas de produ??o de caprinos leiteiros. A primeira parte deste trabalho foi realizada no estado de Minas Gerais, onde foram caracterizadas oito propriedades, selecionadas por serem afiliadas a Associa??o dos Criadores de Caprinos e Ovinos do Estado de Minas Gerais ACCOMIG/Caprileite; possu?rem sistemas de produ??o e manejo semelhantes e terem parceria e/ou buscarem orienta??es t?cnicas na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas estruturadas e o acompanhamento dos sistemas de produ??o durante visita as suas propriedades. Com os resultados obtidos foi poss?vel identificar que todas as propriedades foram classificadas como minif?ndios e sistema intensivo de produ??o. Essas condi??es resultam em desempenho individual dos animais do rebanho, que apresentaram m?dia de 63,75 cabras em lacta??o e produzindo 153,38 litros de leite/dia; com m?dia de 2,33 ? 0,63 l/cab./dia. Observou-se tamb?m, que nessa regi?o existem mais de um canal de comercializa??o do leite fluido e derivados l?cteos. Com base nas informa??es obtidas em sistemas de produ??o de cabras leiteiras foi parametrizado um modelo de programa??o linear, segunda etapa do projeto. Este modelo foi testado em dois sistemas de produ??o, do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A partir das informa??es obtidas em question?rios estruturados e acompanhamento dos sistemas, denominados de fazendas P1 e P2, foi rodado o modelo, usando os limites de cr?dito do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF). Os resultados mostraram que o sistema P1, com um parto anual e lacta??o aproximada de 300 dias, foi a melhor alternativa de neg?cio. Estes resultados foram confrontados com um sistema de produ??o misto (corte e leite) no semi?rido; cujo resultado indicou mesclar os dois sistemas. No entanto, para se conseguir lucro e a sustentabilidade do sistema, em todas as simula??es realizadas foi necess?rio duplicar o limite do custeio para R$ 10.000,00, que possibilita a renda de um sal?rio m?nimo/m?s, R$ 792,00 e pagar o investimento em at? cinco anos

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