This study examines the influence of organisational climate upon training effectiveness, and to a lesser extent, considers the impact of organisational climate upon business performance. This impact will be considered in relation to the results of employees' training, as assessed by themselves and by supervisors and managers of the firms concerned in the Minas Gerais state of Brazil, the third most important economic region in the southeast part of Brazil. In addition, this study also examines the relationship between training effectiveness and business performance, as assessed by managers and deputy managers. A survey was undertaken with forty-five small and medium-sized metal, pharmaceutical and electronic firms and a total of 225 workers, 90 supervisors and managers were interviewed for this study. Based on the correlational analysis performed, the results of this research indicate that a favourable and positive organisational climate as perceived by workers, does account for training effectiveness, in terms of results of workers' training, as assessed by themselves, supervisors and managers alike. Also, the findings of the research indicate that a favourable and positive organisational clImate greatly accounts for business performance, as assessed by managers only. Finally, the study concludes that training effectiveness and business performance are related, but not as strongly as it could be expected. The area covered in the survey was the capital city of the Minas Gerais state, Belo Horizonte; the industrial city of Contagein, the second most important city in economic terms near Belo Horizonte, and finally, the industrial cities of Itauna and Divinopolis, in the southwest part of the Minas Gerais state. The study raises a number of practical issues: firstly, at the level of national Training Policies, the Brazilian Government might like to re-direct its training policies and strategies, in terms of the effectiveness of training courses/programmes; secondly, at an organisation level, the managers and entrepreneurs need to give more emphasis to organisational climate; thirdly, at the level of the workforce, the employees of the industry need to be more aware of the benefits of a positive organisational climate within the firms in which they work. Finally, at the level of researchers and writers, this study gives an opportunity to either replicate the conclusions reached or to widen the field by doing further studies in this area.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 362-391).

Dissertação (mestrado) - Columbia University - School of International and Public Affairs, New York, 2017 / Bibliografia: p. [64]-72 / All rights reserved. The total or partial reproduction of the work is prohibited without authorization from the University, the author and the advisor. / Texto em inglês e resumos em inglês e português / A dificuldade de acesso ao crédito é um dos maiores obstáculos para a sobrevivência das pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs). Uma das principais razões para isso é a falta de garantias. Essa situação se reflete na baixa competitividade e alta desigualdade do Brasil. Os sistemas de garantia fornecem esta garantia. Esta tese analisa o papel potencial dos esquemas de garantia para promover a inclusão financeira no Brasil. Para alcançar esse objetivo, a pesquisa analisa a competitividade e a desigualdade do Brasil e sua relação com o acesso ao crédito. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo de caso sobre o Fundo Garantidor para Investimentos (FGI), utilizando abordagem qualitativa e estatísticas descritivas. A coleta de dados baseou-se em entrevistas semiestruturadas, fontes secundárias, análise de documentos e dados operacionais. A análise utilizou os modelos de construção e reparação de confiança entre organizações, o papel dos bancos nacionais de desenvolvimento nos sistemas de garantia e o benchmark internacional para governança e eficácia dos esquemas de garantia. Os resultados demonstram que o FGI conseguiu criar uma governança adequada e estabelecer confiança com os bancos. Até 2017, 26 bancos contrataram mais de 32 mil operações no valor de 1,9 bilhões de dólares, com adicionalidades comparáveis ao benchmark internacional. No entanto, estudos adicionais são necessários para estabelecer uma ligação entre a adicionalidade dos esquemas de garantia e o desenvolvimento social e econômico. / Difficult access to credit is one of the greatest obstacles to the survival of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). One of the major reasons for this is the lack of guarantees. This situation is reflected in Brazil’s low competitiveness and high inequality. Guarantee Schemes provide this guarantee. This thesis analyzes the potential role of guarantee schemes to promote financial inclusion in Brazil. To achieve this objective the research analyzes Brazil competitiveness and inequality and their relation to credit access. The methodology used was a case study over the Fundo Garantidor para Investimentos (Investment Guarantee Fund - FGI), using a qualitative approach and descriptive statistics. Data collection relied on semi-structured interviews, secondary sources, document analysis and operational data. The analysis used inter-organization trust building and repair models, the role of national development banks in the guarantee systems and the international benchmark for governance and effectiveness of guarantee schemes. The results demonstrate that FGI achieve adequate governance and established trust with the banks. By 2017, 26 banks contracted more than 32,000 operations worth 1.9 billion dollars, with additionalities comparable to the international benchmark. However, additional studies are necessary to establish a link between the guarantee schemes additionality and social and economic development.