Modern smartphones are being designed with increasing processing power, memory capacity, network communication, and graphics performance. Although all of these features are enriching and expanding the experience of a smartphone user, they are significantly adding an overhead on the limited energy of the battery. This thesis aims at enhancing the energy efficiency of modern smartphones and increasing their battery life by minimizing the energy consumption of smartphones Graphical Processing Unit (GPU). Smartphone operating systems are becoming fully hardware-accelerated, which implies relying on the GPU power for rendering all application graphics. In addition, the GPUs installed in smartphones are becoming more and more powerful by the day. This raises an energy consumption concern. We present a novel implementation of GPU Scaling Governors, a Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) scheme implemented in the Android kernel to dynamically scale the GPU. The scheme includes four main governors: Performance, Powersave, Ondmand, and Conservative. Unlike previous studies which looked into the power efficiency of mobile GPUs only through simulation and power estimations, we have implemented our approach on a real modern smartphone GPU, and acquired actual energy measurements using an external power monitor. Our results show that the energy consumption of smartphones can be reduced up to 15% using the Conservative governor in 2D rendering mode, and up to 9% in 3D rendering mode, with minimal effect on the performance.

Brand avoidance is a new topic in consumer behavior research. The purpose of the study was to find the main driver(s) of the brand avoidance behavior among the Chinese mobile consumers. The study was based on the core framework of Lee, et al. (2009) and Knittel et al (2016). The study also applied Ma’s research (2012) to segment the Chinese mobile consumers. A survey was conducted based on the literatures. The findings show that Chinese mobile consumers do not share the same driver for the brand avoidance behavior, the main driver for fashion-taste consumers, trendy but cost-efficient consumers and conservative consumers is moral and identity avoidance. Rational and price-sensitive consumers avoid the brand because of the moral and identity avoidance, and the experiential avoidance for product. Business communication consumers avoid the brand because of the moral and identity avoidance and advertising avoidance. Organizations can use these findings to adjust their marketing strategies and content accordingly.

A central component of many psychological interventions is breathing training. Breathing training protocols based on a mindfulness or a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have demonstrated value in the management of psychological and medical ailments. Yet, despite the wealth of literature examining each approach, little direct comparison exists. An additional concern is the proliferation of smart phone health (mHealth) applications (apps) providing breathing training with little empirical evidence to support their clinical use. A possible explanation for the interest in breathing and mHealth apps is the growing body of literature indicating breathing training provides wide ranging health benefits through improved stasis of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). As ANS dysregulation underlies many chronic health conditions such as persistent temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), there is a need for empirical research to identify the most effective modality of breathing training and validate the clinical efficacy of breathing based mHealth apps. Study One compared the effectiveness of a mindfulness breathing meditation (MB) and a CBT based protocol teaching diaphragmatic breathing (DB) to improve biomarkers of ANS stasis. An attention control approach based on the Nolen-Hoeksema task (C) was included as a comparison group. Ninety participants were randomly assigned to either the MB, DB, or C condition. Within each condition, 30 participants were provided skills training with practice time and completed a behavioral self-regulation task. Participants in the DB condition approach had significantly lower breathing rates than those in the MB and C conditions (p < .001). DB condition participants experienced improvements on high-frequency heart rate variability (p < .05) and the standard deviation in NN intervals (p < .001), which served as indicators for ANS stasis. No differences were found between conditions on the behavioral self-regulation task (p’s > .05). Given these results, the DB training protocol was converted into a mHealth app to facilitate a clinical trial with patients suffering persistent TMDs. Study Two examined the additive benefits of including the mHealth app with standard dental care (SDC+) versus standard dental care alone (SDC). Nineteen patients seeking care for persistent TMDs were recruited. All participants were asked to track daily ratings of pain (VAS), relaxation (RR), and complete weekly assessments on several comorbid psycho-social factors. Within the SDC+ condition participants were asked to track the proximate effects of each breathing practice on VAS and RR ratings. Given a high drop-out rate (nine participants) and low overall sample size (N = 10), results are exploratory at best. Within the SDC+ condition, results indicated reliable improvements in average VAS and RR ratings from before and after SDC+ participants used the mHealth app (p’s < .05). Within a one session training paradigm, results supported the use of a DB based intervention above the use of a MB or C intervention. Future research should consider the effects of having multiple training sessions. Study Two results were complicated by a limited sample size and failed to provide a clear picture of whether the conjunctive treatment in the SDC+ condition provided additional symptom relief above traditional dental care alone. Although exploratory results indicated the mHealth app provided temporary improvements in pain and feelings of relaxation, a well powered trial is needed to clarify whether the finding represents an enduring treatment effect.

Mosquito borne diseases have been a constant scourge across the globe resulting in numerous diseases with debilitating consequences, and also death. To derive trends on population of mosquitoes in an area, trained personnel lay traps, and after collecting trapped specimens, they spend hours under a microscope to inspect each specimen for identifying the actual species and logging it. This is vital, because multiple species of mosquitoes can reside in any area, and the vectors that some of them carry are not the same ones carried by others. The species identification process is naturally laborious, and imposes severe cognitive burden, since sometimes, hundreds of mosquitoes can get trapped. Most importantly, common citizens cannot aid in this task. In this paper, we design a system based on smart-phone images for mosquito species identification, that integrates image processing, feature selection, unsupervised clustering, and support vector machine based algorithm for classification. Results with a total of 101 female mosquito specimens spread across 9 different vector carrying species (that were captured from a real outdoor trap) demonstrate an overall accuracy of 77% in species identification. When implemented as a smart-phone app, the latency and energy consumption were minimal. In terms of practical impact, common citizens can benefit from our system to identify mosquito species by themselves, and also share images to local/ global mosquito control centers. In economically disadvantaged areas across the globe, tools like these can enable novel citizen-science enabled mechanisms to combat spread of mosquitoes.

自iPad於2010年發表了以來、創造了一個介於智慧型手機與上網型小筆記型電腦的之間的平板電腦產品。這樣的新產品與新市場，對於智慧型手機與個人筆記型電腦廠商似乎是一個新的藍海。吸引兩方面的原有廠商宣布相繼投入。本文以波特的五力分析模型對此產業結構進行分析，解構平板電腦產業中廠商與上游的軟體與硬體商、下游的電信運營商與消費者、競爭的個人電腦廠商與幾種替代性新興電子產品等五種產業影響力量的討論。 由於此產品的硬體結構與產業結構都與智慧型手機產業有很大的相似性。依據現有的智慧型手機領導廠商的現況，分別依照波特的成本領導、差異化與聚焦策略，討論Samsung、HTC、Motorola的可能策略。歸納發現， HTC, Motorola與Samsung可以運用差異化策略拉近與蘋果成本領導策略的差距。Samsung還可以運用成本領導策略與蘋果競爭。 / The birth of Apple iPad gives rise to not only a product segment between Smart Phone and Netbook PC, but also the tablet industry. The tablet industry attracts both smart phone makers and PC companies for good reasons. This thesis attempts to analyze the tablet industry by using the framework of five-force analysis of Porter (1979). We analyze the OEM relationship with chip makers, software vendors, Telcomm operators and end users, barriers of entry and competitions of the industry, and threats from substitute products. Feasible strategies for 3 leading smart phone companies (HTC, Motorola and Samsung) to enter the industry are analyzed and given as well. A close investigation suggests that to compete with Apple, Samsung may be the only one which is capable of adopting a cost leadership strategy for the time being. On the other hand, differentiation can apply to all the 3 smart phone makers.

Vehicles can end up in unplanned visits to workshops due to the driver not checking the vehicle status before using it in traffic. There are many factors not only caused by the environment but also due to the lack of tools that simplify or reminds about beforehand inspections. The purpose of this project was to introduce a smart-phone application that can display the health state (or related parameters) of a vehicle in a brief way and indicate if a part or function of the truck is not working properly. There are six functions in the application. Function status and function fault codes can display information about vehicles by giving two-dimensional plots about vehicle data, while function VSR displays some information in the form of text. Also, the user can submit their feedback through function comment. Function position is designed to give the users specific perspectives on an imported map based on their different user identity. Function check reminds about inspections that must be made before setting out on a driving mission. The application allows bus drivers and managers to continuously monitor different vehicle parameters with a statistical summary over time, as well as providing a method for following-up that drivers perform basic checks on the vehicle before it is taken into traffic.

The purpose of the study is to discuss the effect of three kinds of diversification strategies in the smart phone industry: self-brand strategy, upward integration strategy and brand extension strategy. Based on the moderate effect of evaluation of firm and product involvement, the influence of these three strategies will be evaluated by consumer¡¦s view when firms who are smart phone-related consider entering smart phone industry. Hon Hai, Canon and CHT were selected as cell phone equipment manufacturer, digital camera firm and internet service provider through pre-test 2. A 3(diversification strategy: self-brand strategy, upward integration strategy, brand extension strategy)x 2 (brand evaluation: high, low) experimental design collected data from white color workers and master students in NSYSU through 6 color printed advertisements. First of all, the result of search suggests that the willingness to buy is effected by different evaluations on cell phone equipment manufacturer and digital camera firm. Willingness to buy will be high if the evaluation of cell phone equipment manufacturer and digital camera firm is high too. However, for consumer, willingness to buy is not different whether the evaluation of internet service provider is high or low. Second, consumer involvement influences the behavior of buying smart phone. Consumer who is high-involvement has higher willingness to buy than low-involvement under three different strategies. Finally, willingness to buy is not different under these three strategies no matter what strategies firms adapt when they try to enter smart phone Industry.

The appearance of smart phone creates new opportunities for mobile advertising. The new forms of mobile advertising have decreased the users¡¦ negative impression of short message service. What are the features of the new mobile advertisement? Why the users willing to spend more time on reading the advertisements? How to create a mobile advertisement with advertising effect? In this research we attempts to find out the factors affecting the consumers¡¦ attitude toward mobile advertising, and the relationship between the attitude toward mobile advertising and advertising effect. We also try to observe the impact of the mediator, the method of opening a page on internet, on mobile advertising. There are four main results: 1. Entertainment, informativeness, and operation are the most important factors affecting consumers¡¦ positive attitude toward mobile advertising. 2. Informativeness¡Birritation and credibility are the most important factors affecting consumers¡¦ negative attitudes toward mobile advertising. 3. The attitude toward mobile advertising has a significant impact on advertising effect. 4. The moderating effect of the method of opening a page on internet between the relationship of the attitude toward mobile advertising and advertising effect is significant.

The innovation of technology and product has made uncertain highly of the beginnings of emerging industry. Smart phone industry belongs to emerging industry. The manufacturers in Taiwan of smart phone include HTC, Quanta, Innopac, Asus, and Arimacomm etc. and HTC is the maximum of shipment of smart phone with Microsoft platform. Therefore, it is necessary that we study the purchasing strategies of smart phone industry. The research methodologies applied to this study are literature review, case study and deep interview. It applies purchasing portfolio model to classify components come from different industries, and it is proposed different purchasing strategies. The conclusions of this study reveal as follows: 1. Early Purchasing Involvement (EPI) will help to get external advanced technology resource so that we can improve the competitive advantage of the corporate in emerging industry. 2. Different purchasing strategies and relationship management can be applied to different component industry and suppliers respectively. 3. The performance evaluation, remediation, and selection of suppliers can be adopted into the management cycle in A company, and the standards will depend on industry environment and the resource A company has.

The touchscreen smartphone platform is inherently flexible, giving it the potential to meet the needs and desires of individuals diverse in age and ability. Despite universal design research efforts providing industry with guidance to address this opportunity, current designs fall short. The disconnect stems from differing priorities in design and development and opposing approaches to defining and grouping the user population. The research presented in this dissertation aims to remove these issues from the process of discovering touchscreen smartphone design opportunities. It focuses on users' prior and desired customizations rather than ability- or market-factors. Data were collected on participants' devices' out-of-the-box, current and desired device states along with related stories about their actual and desired device modifications. Template and image analyses identified patterns in the data, which also revealed an underlying structure for organizing and presenting participants' needs and desires associated with smartphone touchscreen customizations. The needs and desires suggest opportunities for industry to shift towards universal design. The structure offers an approach to addressing the gaps between the ability-centered and market-driven approaches to the design of consumer technology.