For many years, most IT departments used the same software development methodology called waterfall. This methodology outlines distinct phases for project completion; each phase needing to be completed prior to the start of the next. The primary accounting standard for allocating costs for software development is written in the language of waterfall. Costs are either capitalized or expensed depending on the type of activity that was performed. IT departments have been moving toward a new group of software development methodologies called agile. These methodologies do not follow the phases of waterfall. This makes the current accounting standard for software development difficult to interpret and determine the appropriate transaction. This further hinders IT organizations attempts to better quantify business value of software projects. To examine this issue, a new construct called accounting clarity is introduced in this research. Accounting clarity is an agreement between IT and accounting regarding the treatment of software development costs. This study shows that it is essential for both IT and accounting to work together to determine a solution. The accounting clarity construct is developed from the “ilities” of software quality models and the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Level 3 key process area (KPA) of intergroup coordination. Intergroup coordination provides the concepts for accounting clarity as the two groups must coordinate to determine the appropriate accounting treatment. The “ilities” are characteristics that should be followed and measured throughout a software development project to ensure long term maintainability of software. This study proposes that accounting clarity should be one of the "ilities" in the software quality model. A portion of the study of accounting clarity examines the relationship between accounting clarity and project control, proposing a positive relationship between the two variables. Then the study examines factors that help to increase accounting clarity. These factors were derived from teamwork and coordination literature. To test the hypothesized relationships, a survey methodology was used. Individuals working on agile software development projects were participants in the survey. This study contributes to both the IT and accounting literature. The research provides a framework to examine other contexts in which the current accounting standards are unclear. As changes happen more frequently in business, this is more likely to occur on a frequent basis. The study has practical implication for software development as it highlights the importance of understanding the accounting implications prior to the project and continuously throughout the lifespan of the software. Adding accounting clarity to the “ilities” of software quality helps software development teams include this in project plans with any software development methodology.

A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) constituia causa mais freqüente de infertilidade, anovulação e hiperandrogenismo atualmente. Sua fisiopatogenia é em parte obscura. O hormônio anti-mülleriano (HAM),uma glicoproteína produzida pelas células da granulosa dos folículos pré-antrais e folículos antrais pequenos, parece exercer papel fundamental para seu surgimento, exacerbando o hiperandrogenismo intra-folicular e interferindo no mecanismo de seleção do folículo dominante. Além das alterações ovulatórias, há repercussões metabólicas decorrentes da síndrome, como a resistência à insulina (RI), que afeta entre 45 a 70% das mulheres com SOP em idade reprodutiva. Estratégias para aumentar a sensibilidade à insulina poderiam reduzir o impacto reprodutivo e metabólico da RI. Entre elas, destaca-se a metformina, uma droga anti-diabética oral, cuja utilização levaria a uma melhora dos padrões metabólicos e restabelecimento da ovulação. No presente estudo, foram avaliados a relação entre os níveis séricos de HAM e resistência insulínica antes e após o tratamento com metformina, comparados os níveis séricos de HAM na fase folicular precoce entre pacientes com e sem SOP e correlacionados os níveis de HAM com os níveis séricos de insulina, gonadotrofinas e androgênios. Foram realizadas dosagens séricas de HAM, androgênios e gonadotrofinas em 36 pacientes (16 com SOP e resistência insulínica e 20 eumenorreicas, sendo grupos pareados quanto à idade e índice de massa corpórea). No grupo SOP, foram avaliados níveis de HAM, insulina, glicemia e QUICKI (quantitative insulin check index) antes e depois do tratamento com metformina 1500 mg/dia por oito semanas. Foram encontrados níveis de HAM mais elevados no grupo SOP do que no grupo controle (49,9 ± 6,1 pmol/L versus 4,5 ± 2,1 pmol/L, p < 0,0001), assim como os níveis de hormônio luteinizante (LH) (10,3± 1,5 mUI/L versus 3,5 ±0,5 mUI/L, p=0,0004), testosterona (64,9 ± 5 ng/mL versus 41,1 ±4,7 ng/mL, p=0,0017) e 17-hidroxiprogesterona (17OHP) ( 90 ±16,8ng/ml versus 49,1 ±6,6 ng/ml; p= 0,03). Nas pacientes com SOP, houve correlação positiva forte entre os níveis de HAM pré-tratamento e testosterona (coeficiente r dePearson - R - de 0,83; p<0,0001). Também foi encontrada correlação positiva e significativa entre HAM e LH (R = 0,51; p = 0,04). As demais variáveis não apresentaram correlação significativa com o HAM pré-tratamento. Após o tratamento, houve redução significativa dos níveis de insulina (16,4 ± 2,6 mUI/ml versus 12 ± 1,9 mUI/ml; p=0,0132). Os níveis de HAM tiveram redução, porém sem diferença estatística (49,9 ± 6,1 versus 41,5 ± 5,6 pmol/L; p=0,06). Houve redução significativa nos níveis de testosterona (64,9 ± 5 ng/mL versus 49,3 ± 14 ng/mL). A correlação do HAM com os níveis de testosterona não persistiu após o tratamento com a metformina (R=0,08 e p=0,76). Assim, a manutenção dos níveis séricos de HAM após o uso da metformina, mesmo com a comprovada melhora metabólica e redução dos níveis de gonadototrofinas sugere que o papel do HAM na SOP baseia-se num mecanismo intrínseco ovariano, independente do eixo hipotálmo-hipófise-ovário e não influenciado pela resistência insulínica. / Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent cause of infertility, anovulatory disordes and hyperandrogenism in young women. Its pathophisiology remains unclear and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), a glycoprotein produced by the granulose cells of early developing follicles, seems to be fundamental to its development, by enhancing the intra-follicular hyperandrogenism and interfering in the selection of a dominant follicle. PCOS also causes metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance (IR), that affects 45 to 70% of women with PCOS. Strategies to improve insulin sensitivity could reduce the reproductive and metabolic impact of IR.Metformin, a insulin-sensitizing agent, appears to improve the metabolicparameters and reestablish ovulatory cycles. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between anti-mullerian hormone serum levels and IR before and after protracted treatment with meformin; we also compared the anti-mullerian hormone levels in PCOS in the early follicular phase to normo-ovulatory women. The correlation of anti-mullerian hormone levels to insulin, gonatotropins and androgen serum levels was also evaluated. The study included 36 pacients (20 with PCOS and IR and 16 with ovulatory cycles). Anti-mullerian hormone serum levels, insulin, glucose and QUICKI (quantitative insulin check index) were evaluated in patients with PCOS before and after treatment with metformina 1500 mg/day during eight weeks. Anti-mullerian hormone serum levels were higher in PCOS (49,9 ± 6,1 pmol/L versus 4,5 ± 2,1 pmol/L, p < 0,0001), as well as luteinizing hormone (LH) levels (10,3± 1,5 mUI/L versus 3,5 ±0,5 mUI/L, p=0,0004), testosterone (64,9 ± 5 ng/mL versus 41,1 ±4,7 ng/mL, p=0,0017) and 17-ydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) ( 90 ±16,8ng/ml versus 49,1 ±6,6 ng/ml; p= 0,03). In PCOS, there is a positive correlation between anti-mullerian hormoneserum levels and testosterone (R= 0,83; p<0,0001) before treatment; this correlation did not persisted after treatment (R=0,08 e p=0,76). There is also a positive correlation between anti-mullerian hormone serum levels before metformin treatment and LH (R= 0,83; p<0,0001). No correlations were found between anti-mullerian hormone serum levels before treatment and other parameters. After treatment, insulin serum levels reduced (16,4 ± 2,6 mUI/ml versus 12 ± 1,9 mUI/ml; p=0,0132). AMH serum levels also reduced, but therewas no statically significant difference (49,9 ± 6,1 versus 41,5 ± 5,6 pmol/L; p=0,06). Testosterone serum levels decreased significantly (64,9 ± 5 ng/mL versus 49,3 ± 14 ng/mL). No correlation between AMH and testosterone levels was found after treatment (r=0, 08 e p=0, 76). The maintenance of AMH serum levels after treatment with metformin, despite the enhance of metabolic parameters and reduction of the gonadrotopins levels, suggests that AMH acts in the pathophisiology of PCOS by a intra-ovarian mechanism, that does not depend on the neuroendrocine axis and that is not influenced by IR.

In conformity with the ISO standards, a quality manual is elaborated for accredited laboratories working in the sphere of the Czech Ministry of Health. This manual also contains standard operational procedures (SOP) for particular methods used in these laboratories.

The thesis is oriented on working-out of the quality manual for hydrochemical laboratory conformable with standards ISO 9000 and 16000. The quality manual describes principles and working processes for utilisation in standard audited and accredited hydrochemical laboratory. It is focused on management system of quality created in laboratory in conformity with standard ČSN EN ISO 9001. It presents basic information about politics and goals of laboratory´s quality. In the practical part of the thesis, there are reviews of various Standards operation procedure, which are components of the Quality Manual.

This thesis has a theoretical character. The first part consists of quality manual for a small fictive laboratory concerned with environmental analysis and collection of soil samples. Quality manual is made in accordance with ISO 17025. In second practical part of thesis the Standard operating procedures are designed for specific environmental analysis. These analyses are performed within the frame of subject Practice of Environmental analysis. Standard operating procedures will be virtually used in the university laboratory of environmental analysis.

This project consists of three parts. The first part is aimed to summarize list of actual packaging systems and especially systems using 3D construction. Project continues in the second part, which is more practical and contains design and production of organic and inorganic testing substrates for lead-free soldered 3D structures. Last experimental part is about tests performed on soldered substrates and evaluation of results of these practical tests.

The aim of this diploma thesis is 3D package design study and elaboration of rules for effective thermal and electrical design. There are recommendations and equations for calculating parameters affecting design of modern SOP and SIP packages mentioned in this thesis. Advantages of modern technologies in thermal management of packages are demonstrated in the second part of thesis using ANSYS workbench.

Thanks to the wide range of features offered by the World Wide Web (WWW), many web applications have been published and developed through different libraries and programming languages. Adapting to new changes, the Web quickly evolved into a complex ecosystem, introducing many security problems to its users. To solve these problems, instead of re-designing the Web, the vendors added the security patches (protocols, mechanisms)to the Web platform to provide a more convenient and more secure environment for web users. However, not only did these patches not completely resolve the security problems, but their implementations also introduced other security risks unbeknownst to website operators and users. In this thesis, I propose a novel research on two different security patches to understand and analyze their deployment in real-world scenarios and discover the unseen, neglected factors and the elements involved in exploiting their use: one security protocol, OAuth, and one security mechanism, CORS. As this thesis is based on offensive approaches, I develop automated methodologies, including novel strategies for analyzing and measuring the security qualities of the OAuth protocol and CORS mechanism in real-world scenarios.

No description available.

La division cellulaire asymétrique (DCA) consiste en une division pendant laquelle des déterminants cellulaires sont distribués préférentiellement dans une des deux cellules filles. Par l’action de ces déterminants, la DCA générera donc deux cellules filles différentes. Ainsi, la DCA est importante pour générer la diversité cellulaire et pour maintenir l’homéostasie de certaines cellules souches. Pour induire une répartition asymétrique des déterminants cellulaires, le positionnement du fuseau mitotique doit être très bien contrôlé. Fréquemment ceci génère deux cellules filles de tailles différentes, car le fuseau mitotique n’est pas centré pendant la mitose, ce qui induit un positionnement asymétrique du sillon de clivage. Bien qu’un complexe impliquant des GTPases hétérotrimériques et des protéines liant les microtubules au cortex ait été impliqué directement dans le positionnement du fuseau mitotique, le mécanisme exact induisant le positionnement asymétrique du fuseau durant la DCA n'est pas encore compris. Des études récentes suggèrent qu’une régulation asymétrique du cytosquelette d’actine pourrait être responsable de ce positionnement asymétrique du faisceau mitotique. Donc, nous émettons l'hypothèse que des contractions asymétriques d’actine pendant la division cellulaire pourraient déplacer le fuseau mitotique et le sillon de clivage pour créer une asymétrie cellulaire. Nos résultats préliminaires ont démontré que le blebbing cortical, qui est une indication de tension corticale et de contraction, se produit préférentiellement dans la moitié antérieure de cellule précurseur d’organes sensoriels (SOP) pendant le stage de télophase. Nos données soutiennent l'idée que les petites GTPases de la famille Rho pourraient être impliqués dans la régulation du fuseau mitotique et ainsi contrôler la DCA des SOP. Les paramètres expérimentaux développés pour cette thèse, pour étudier la régulation de l’orientation et le positionnement du fuseau mitotique, ouvrirons de nouvelles avenues pour contrôler ce processus, ce qui pourrait être utile pour freiner la progression de cellules cancéreuses. Les résultats préliminaires de ce projet proposeront une manière dont les petites GTPases de la famille Rho peuvent être impliqués dans le contrôle de la division cellulaire asymétrique in vivo dans les SOP. Les modèles théoriques qui sont expliqués dans cette étude pourront servir à améliorer les méthodes quantitatives de biologie cellulaire de la DCA. / Asymmetric cell division (ACD) consists in a cellular division during which specific cell fate determinants are distributed preferentially in one daughter cell, which then differentiate from its sibling. Hence, ACD is important to generate cell diversity and is used to regulate stem cells homeostasis. For proper asymmetric distribution of cell fate determinants, the positioning of the mitotic spindle has to be tightly controlled. Frequently, this induces a cell size asymmetry, since the spindle is then not centered during mitosis, leading to an asymmetric positioning of the cleavage furrow. Although small small GTPases have been shown to act directly on the spindle, the exact mechanism controlling spindle positioning during ACD is not understood. Recent studies suggest that an independent, yet uncharacterized pathway is involved in spindle positioning, which is likely to involve an asymmetric regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Indeed, actin enables spindle anchoring to the cortex. Hence we hypothesize that asymmetric actin contractions during cytokinesis might displace the mitotic spindle and the cleavage furrow, leading to cell size asymmetry. Interestingly, from our preliminary results we observed that cortical blebbing, which is a read-out of cortical tension/contraction, preferentially occurs on the anterior side of the dividing sensory organ precursor (SOP) cells at telophase. Our preliminary data support the idea that Rho small GTPases might be implicated in regulation of the mitotic spindle hence controlling asymmetric cell division of SOP cells. The experimental settings developed for this thesis, for studying regulation of the mitotic spindle orientation and positioning will serve as proof of concept of how geneticist and biochemist experts could design ways to control such process by different means in cancerous cells. The preliminary results from this project open novel insights on how the Rho small GTPases might be implicated in controlling asymmetric cell division hence their dynamics in vivo of such process during SOP development. Furthermore, the assays and the theoretical model developed in this study can be used as background that could serve to design improved quantitative experimental methods for cell biology synchronizing sub-networks of ACD mechanism.