The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of fiscal decentralization on the efficiency of social security in China since the realization of social security was promoted and some relevant policies were implemented in 21 century. This study uses China’s provincial-level data of 31 regions from 2000 to 2009 and uses two inputs and three outputs to calculate the efficiency scores as the dependent variables. The inputs are the proportions of expenditures for social security and employment effort to total public expenditures and the proportions of hygiene, social security, and social welfare employed people to total employed people. The outputs are the coverage rate of urban basic pension insurance, the coverage rate of unemployment insurance, and the coverage rate of urban basic medical care insurance. Then, this study establishes four specifications of the Tobit model. Other factors, gross regional product per capita (PGRP), the degree of openness (OPEN), the scale of provincial government (SOG), the quadratic term of the former (SOGSQ), area dummy variables, and time dummy variables, are added into the Tobit model. The primary finding of this study is that fiscal decentralization has a positively non-monotonic influence on the efficiency of social security. This contributes positively to the efficiency of provincial government’s social security, but this positive influence does not always exist.

<p>This paper addresses the question if income security can enhance economic growth in developing countries? It takes its starting point in the income security problems of a developing country and summarizes evidence from published empirical research on formal income security mechanisms. We conclude that the findings on incomes security efficiency effects are ambiguous. A limited econometric study based on data from Chile is carried out with a regression showing that social securities total effect on economic growth is negative but more econometric research on total effect on growth are needed to give a definite answer.</p>

Thesis (M. P. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

This paper addresses the question if income security can enhance economic growth in developing countries? It takes its starting point in the income security problems of a developing country and summarizes evidence from published empirical research on formal income security mechanisms. We conclude that the findings on incomes security efficiency effects are ambiguous. A limited econometric study based on data from Chile is carried out with a regression showing that social securities total effect on economic growth is negative but more econometric research on total effect on growth are needed to give a definite answer.

My motivation to write this thesis is based on the controversy surrounding the Social Security system that has recently infiltrated the media. Through my research, I have discovered the debate concerning Social Security is not a recent development but has existed since the 1930’s. Many sources are warning citizens to no longer count on Social Security as they most likely will not receive benefits until a extremely old age if they receive benefits at all. Current retirees are fearful of either a decrease in benefits or not receiving the money they contributed to the system through the years of employment at all. Proposals and options for overhauling the system have moved to center stage in politicians’ agendas and numbers of solutions have surfaced. Unfortunately, this debate is creating a huge divide between party lines in Congress. Some argue for more government control while others advocate privatization. The goal for this thesis is to perform a cost/benefit analysis of the two ideologies and determine which is more practical and realistic for both the government and the people.

China has stepped into an aging society in 2005 with its 7.6% population reached the age of 65 and above(Flaherty et al. 2007; Population Division 2009). China already has the largest aging population in the world and is expected to have more than 400 million elderly persons by 2050, accounting for 30% of its total population(Beijing Municipal Working Commission on Aging 2009). It is confirmed in this research that China showed a clear and irreversible trend of population aging by different indicators in the past decades. Nonetheless, the degree of unevenness in its spatial development of aging population is high in China. How China’s social security system copes with the drastic demographic changes constitute the focus of this research. A comprehensive evaluation of the social security system for aging population in China, through a case study of Beijing, is conducted in this paper. The main channels of assistance under the current elderly social security system, including old age pension, social health care, institutional care and family care, are examined through statistical analysis. It is found that as China’s GDP grows, the provision levels of pension, health care and institutional care rise as well. However, there exists no significant relationship between China’s GDP and family care. This research further shows that social eldercare does not necessarily replace family care both in terms of financial support and daily living care. In contrast, more elderly depend on their own and also support themselves by labor income when family care is not available. The current social security system is found to be far from perfection and falls short of fulfilling the comprehensive needs of the elderly. The increasing severity of aging problem may worsen the situation. Developing a social security system with broader elderly coverage, fairness among the rural and urban residents and financially sustainability would be the future direction for China to face the problem of aging population. / published_or_final_version / China Development Studies / Master / Master of Arts in China Development Studies

In spring 1958, the political work of developing a new pension system stalled, after they conducted the negotiations between the government and the opposition stranded. The Social Democratic government was keen to get through a pension proposition and chose to submit its proposal to the Parliament, in the hope that members of the opposition would abandon their party line. The government previously lost its majority in the second chamber, since the Center Party left the government because they were of a different opinion than the Social Democrats. The Social Democrats Party of Prime Minister Tage Erlander in the forefront plunged to govern in minority. On April 26, conducted the vote in parliament vote which rejected the Social Democrats' proposals and Prime Minister Tage Erlander announced that he would seek the King to dissolve parliament because it then would be new elections to the parliament lower house on June 1. There came an dissolution and an election campaign was to wait before the Swedes would go to the polls. In the study, the campaign portrayed the basis of the Dagens Nyheter, Arbetet and Svenska dagbladet conveys the image of news articles and editorials. An election campaign that was dominated by the issue of pensions in the first place but also the People's struggle for a consensus and a opposition hope of a change of power. Keywords: Pension, consensus, social security, government option and election campaign

No description available.

Magistro darbe yra išsamiai išnagrinėta pensinio socialinio draudimo samprata bei aptarta privačių pensijų fondų istorinė raida, pateikiamas išanalizuotas ir susistemintas privačių pensijų fondų objektyvus reikalingumas Lietuvoje. Sistemingai ištirta Lietuvos pensijų fondų rinkos struktūra bei atlikta išsami Lietuvos privačių pensijų fondų rinkos analizė, pagal kurios rezultatus pateiktos privačių pensijų fondų sistemos tobulinimo galimybės. Patvirtinta autoriaus suformuluota hipotezė, jog Valstybinio socialinio draudimo fondas Lietuvoje negali užtikrinti pakankamo pensinio aprūpinimo, todėl būtina steigti privačius pensijų fondus, kurie turėtų pagerinti pensinį aprūpinimą. / This master‘s final paper details examination of the concept of social security also discussed historical development of private pension funds, presents analyzed and structured objective need of private pension funds in Lithuania. Systematically investigates the structure of pension funds market of Lithuania also executes detailed analysis of private pension funds of Lithuania, according to the result of which the opportunities of improvement of private pension funds system are given. Hypothesis that was formulated by the author is approved.

This thesis analyses the evolution of informal and formal, private and public income security mechanisms in Canada from the beginning of the colonial period to the present. These programs generally deal with three categories of problems: problems stemming from interruptions of production income due to sickness, accident, premature death of the breadwinner or caused by retirement or unemployment; problems related to non-participation in the labour force such as those encountered by mothers who stay home with their children, children themselves, students, handicapped people and individuals who due to age can no longer enter the labour force; problems related to insufficiency of production income which are usually the problems of low wage earners. This thesis studies mainly the income security programs designed to correct the first two types of economic dependency. / Three main theoretical hypotheses emerge from the economic analysis of the evolution in historical time of income security mechanisms. First, the types of economic dependency which those programs try to deal with are generally collective problems of income distribution or, in other words, income transfers problems; they are not individual problems of saving, neither are they intertemporal income allocation problems. Second, in the field of income security, the institutions of the private sector do not have the economic power to efficiently implement the income security programs desired. Third, the income security collective strategies are deeply influenced by the collective values of Canadian society; therefore, the form that State intervention takes in the field of income security obeys the necessities and the constraints of these values. In addition to the influence of collective values, this thesis discusses the impact of macroeconomic stabilization policies on the evolution of income security programs. / The hypotheses presented in this thesis are original in comparison to the current literature. Indeed an important number of authors consider economic dependency as being principally an individual problem of intertemporal allocation of income and not a collective problem of income distribution. Few of them study the relative efficiency of different economic institutions in providing appropriate income security programs. And finally, many authors ignore the role of collective values.