This thesis is an ethnographic study of the Hor (Arbore) who live at the north-eastern end of the Limo river delta on Lake Stephanie in Southern Ethiopia. In the thesis the Hor belief in the link between warfare and fertility is described and analysed. The Hor do not go to war against all their neighbours. Instead they have categories of those whom they fight and whose shed blood is believed to be beneficial to the Hor and those whom they do not fight and whose shed blood is believed to be dangerous to the Hor. From the former they sometimes take wives and raid cattle while from the latter they neither take wives nor raid domestic animals. From a specific group in the first category known as Maale (and formerly from other groups) the Hor kill male victims whose genitals and bush knives they bring home as trophies. These outsider items are crucial in rituals for the reproduction of their society and culture and also for the reproduction of the societies and cultures of certain of their neighbours. The thesis discusses the link between fertility and various aspects of Hor life. Hor Qawots (ritual leaders) are empowered by the genitals brought from the exterior and it is mainly this empowerment that is believed to enable them to be effective in their political and religious roles in Hor country and among Hor neighbours. The study shows how strictly ranked senior and junior Qawots who are members of the braceletwearing clans, as well as metaphorically gendered age sets and ranked settlements, shape the br social and cultural world and the world of their neighbours. It also shows the crucial role of the outside both as a source of fertility and as a source of essential tools of production and ritual items.

As a graduate student in a university music department, I have devoted a lot of time to working in associated yet also disparate realms: as a performer, a Teacher's Assistant, and a student. During this time, I have also begun conducting research examining the music department’s social culture. I have observed my colleagues– meaning my fellow graduate students–sacrificing their mental health, physical health, and emotional wellbeing in order to meet ambiguous expectations that I will argue are often rooted in the coloniality of Western Art Music. I have observed and experienced conversations that neglect to acknowledge the ways in which speech and behavioral patterns that currently transpire in the music building support the perpetuation of anti-Blackness, situational color- and cultural- blindness, and white supremacy within the music department at this school, which I have chosen to anonymize as “New England State University (NESU).” Like the bourgeoise in Downtown Crossing, the members of this music department tend to outright ignore the systemic and social inequities that exist in this space, instead consciously or unconsciously choosing to operate with blinders that protect them from fully realizing “the frightening things about…” this music department’s “sense of reality.” Despite some well-meaning but largely superficial acknowledgments of the aforementioned issues, many members of this music department still engage in speech and behavioral patterns—both in public and in private—that I argue do not pursue a path toward these same people’s stated goals of racial justice and musician health and well-being.

Essa pesquisa discute a relação entre transparência e accountability no âmbito da contratualização de resultados com as organizações sociais de cultura do Estado de São Paulo. Parte-se de uma perspectiva instrumental e limitada da transparência, compreendendo-a como um requisito importante para demonstrar o desempenho e os resultados atingidos pelos agentes públicos, mas que, no entanto, dependeria dos arranjos institucionais de controle para influenciar na accountability. Neste contexto, verificou-se com Heald (2006) que a transparência ocorre em retrospecto por meio do fornecimento periódico de informações para a prestação de contas, e é centrada na evidenciação de eventos - inputs, outputs e outcomes do contrato de gestão e não nos seus processos de execução. Sendo assim, a transparência depende da atuação integrada dos controles interno e externo, com fornecimento tempestivo e eficaz de informações que permitam a responsabilização dos agentes perante os resultados. A partir disso, foi feito um estudo dos apontamentos do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo sobre as prestações de contas das OSs de Cultura de São Paulo, procurando-se identificar as falhas mais recorrentes, sua relação com os eventos de transparência previstos e sua influência no julgamento de irregularidade, para então analisar como o fluxo de informações se posiciona no atingimento da accountability. Tal esforço analítico resultou no reconhecimento da fragilidade da relação entre transparência e accountability: a falta de transparência dos inputs do contrato de gestão foi preponderante para o julgamento de irregularidade de alguns ajustes; no entanto, no que se refere aos outputs do contrato, a verificação foi difusa, uma vez que os documentos são menos mensuráveis e dependem da atuação consistente do controle interno, que em geral não ocorre. Sendo assim, o fluxo de informações do contrato de gestão não expõe os componentes do contrato e, tampouco, permite a verificação dos resultados alcançados, dificultando a obtenção da accountability de resultados / This research discusses the relationship between transparency and accountability within the results of contracting with social culture organizations in São Paulo state. Part is an instrumental and limited perspective of transparency, understanding it as an important requirement to demonstrate the performance and results achieved by the public, but which, however, depend on the institutional arrangements of control to influence accountability. In this context, it was with Heald (2006) that transparency occurs in retrospect - through the regular provision of information for accountability, and is centered on the events of disclosure - inputs, outputs and outcomes of the management contract and not in their implementation processes. Thus, transparency depends on the integrated internal and external control activities with timely and effective provision of information to the accountability of agents towards the results. From this, a study was made of the notes of the São Paulo State Court of Auditors on the supply of accounts of the OSs of Culture of São Paulo, seeking to identify the most frequent failures, its relationship with the envisaged transparency events and its influence on judgment error, and then examine how the information flow is positioned in the accountability achievement.This analytical effort resulted in the recognition of the fragility of the relationship between transparency and accountability: the lack of transparency in the inputs of management contract was leading to the judgment of irregularity some adjustments, however, with regard to the outputs of the contract, verification it was widespread, since the documents are less measurable and depend on the timely performance of internal control, which generally does not occur. Thus, flow information of management contract does not expose the contract components and either allows the verification of the results achieved, making it difficult to obtain the results of accountability

Earlier stage career research of the Electronic Engineers ¡V example from Foreign Company Abstract The objective of this paper is to understand why electronic engineers select engineer to be their career. Through individual life story to get better knowledge from engineers about how the decision-making resource, self concept and thread of thought from social culture affect their career decision during engineers¡¦ earily stage of life. Because there are so many situations for a person to make decisions in their on-going life, the quantitative methodology might not exactly present the complicated aspect of this study, hence the narrative qualitative approach is chosen as the methodology of this study. Through intensive interviews to collect life stories, we interviewed seven engineers, four of them are R&D engineers and three of the others are Application Engineers. To have broaden views , sample cases¡¦ born years are selected from 1950 to 1978, we believed this could be helpful for us to see the difference in the selected cased. When we put together all the seven career decision-making narrative stories of the engineers, the issues that affect career decision-making were distinguished into four aspects which includes decision-making resources collecting, self-concept, important others that affect decision-making and the social culture stand for in their age. Key words : Electronic Engineers, Career development, Self-concept, Social Culture.

Canadian females grow up in a sociocultural environment full of contradictory discourses that rarely reflect the social reality they experience. Adolescent girls face abject forms of objectification, sexualization, unequal power relations and high levels of violence in their communities, yet these experiences remain largely unexamined with adolescent girls themselves. In the following thesis I describe a research project I undertook with seven girls between the ages of twelve and fifteen. Using the method biomythography, I ask the girls to tell me who they are in an attempt to determine how these girls relate their social environment to their identity. An analysis of the discourses emerging in the biomythographies as well as in discussion in the research space demonstrates that the girls recognize links with sociocultural environment, yet they do not highlight the effects of this culture on their identity in their biomythographies. Instead, they used the space of the biomythographies to resist, dream, and focus on the best aspects of themselves and those in their social world. At the same time, the physical creation space became an important secondary site of analysis. The analysis of both the biomythographies and the project space demonstrates the importance of girl-only space in the community. Such space allows girls to come together as girls to critique and analyse what it means to grow up female in Canadian society. This space must also provide opportunities for girls to self-reflect on their own social position and identity. / Graduate

Thèse (M.A.) -- Université Laval, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 74-81. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Vår studie behandlar hur barn kan reagera om pedagoger i förskolans verksamhet går in eller ur barns fria lek. Vårt övergripande syfte med arbetet är att undersöka hur förskolebarn kan reagera om pedagoger engagerar sig i den fria leken. Undersökningen syftar specifikt att bidra med kunskap om hur förskolebarn kan reagera, om pedagoger är närvarande eller frånvarande i barns fria lek. Metoden i vår undersökning är videoobservation där vi riktar fokus mot barns reaktioner i videosekvenserna. I studien deltog 28 stycken tre -femåriga barn och fem pedagoger på två förskolor i Sverige. Den teoretiska utgångspunkt vi använder oss av är ett sociokulturellt perspektiv, vi inriktar oss även på ett relationellt maktförhållande som Foucault behandlar. Vi kommer också att använda oss av lekteorier i förhållandet till barns reaktioner när pedagoger förflyttar sig ut och in i den fria leken. Resultatet visar att barn blir avbrutna i sin lek och reagerar på olika sätt om pedagoger går in eller ur den fria leken. Studien visar att ingen situation är den andra lik, vilket gör att barn reagerar och beter sig på olika sätt. På ett övergripande plan kan vi se att barn lyfter blicken från leken upp mot pedagoger, följer efter pedagogerna, slutar leka när pedagoger pratar, bjuder in till lek när pedagoger inte är närvarande. Resultatet visar även att de videoinspelade sekvenserna är kopplat till här och nu, vilket gör att varje sekvens är unik och resultatet blir aldrig detsamma igen.

Essa pesquisa discute a relação entre transparência e accountability no âmbito da contratualização de resultados com as organizações sociais de cultura do Estado de São Paulo. Parte-se de uma perspectiva instrumental e limitada da transparência, compreendendo-a como um requisito importante para demonstrar o desempenho e os resultados atingidos pelos agentes públicos, mas que, no entanto, dependeria dos arranjos institucionais de controle para influenciar na accountability. Neste contexto, verificou-se com Heald (2006) que a transparência ocorre em retrospecto por meio do fornecimento periódico de informações para a prestação de contas, e é centrada na evidenciação de eventos - inputs, outputs e outcomes do contrato de gestão e não nos seus processos de execução. Sendo assim, a transparência depende da atuação integrada dos controles interno e externo, com fornecimento tempestivo e eficaz de informações que permitam a responsabilização dos agentes perante os resultados. A partir disso, foi feito um estudo dos apontamentos do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo sobre as prestações de contas das OSs de Cultura de São Paulo, procurando-se identificar as falhas mais recorrentes, sua relação com os eventos de transparência previstos e sua influência no julgamento de irregularidade, para então analisar como o fluxo de informações se posiciona no atingimento da accountability. Tal esforço analítico resultou no reconhecimento da fragilidade da relação entre transparência e accountability: a falta de transparência dos inputs do contrato de gestão foi preponderante para o julgamento de irregularidade de alguns ajustes; no entanto, no que se refere aos outputs do contrato, a verificação foi difusa, uma vez que os documentos são menos mensuráveis e dependem da atuação consistente do controle interno, que em geral não ocorre. Sendo assim, o fluxo de informações do contrato de gestão não expõe os componentes do contrato e, tampouco, permite a verificação dos resultados alcançados, dificultando a obtenção da accountability de resultados / This research discusses the relationship between transparency and accountability within the results of contracting with social culture organizations in São Paulo state. Part is an instrumental and limited perspective of transparency, understanding it as an important requirement to demonstrate the performance and results achieved by the public, but which, however, depend on the institutional arrangements of control to influence accountability. In this context, it was with Heald (2006) that transparency occurs in retrospect - through the regular provision of information for accountability, and is centered on the events of disclosure - inputs, outputs and outcomes of the management contract and not in their implementation processes. Thus, transparency depends on the integrated internal and external control activities with timely and effective provision of information to the accountability of agents towards the results. From this, a study was made of the notes of the São Paulo State Court of Auditors on the supply of accounts of the OSs of Culture of São Paulo, seeking to identify the most frequent failures, its relationship with the envisaged transparency events and its influence on judgment error, and then examine how the information flow is positioned in the accountability achievement.This analytical effort resulted in the recognition of the fragility of the relationship between transparency and accountability: the lack of transparency in the inputs of management contract was leading to the judgment of irregularity some adjustments, however, with regard to the outputs of the contract, verification it was widespread, since the documents are less measurable and depend on the timely performance of internal control, which generally does not occur. Thus, flow information of management contract does not expose the contract components and either allows the verification of the results achieved, making it difficult to obtain the results of accountability

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This study examines the relationships between students' perception of the supportiveness of the campus and students' level of satisfaction by analyzing and comparing National Survey of Student Engagement data related to the social and cultural experience of black and white undergraduate students who attend Virginia Commonwealth University, a large, urban, Southern, predominately white research oriented university located in Richmond, Virginia. Conclusively, the low levels of black undergraduate student engagement predicted by the literature were not found to be true of the Virginia Commonwealth University undergraduate sample reviewed. Black male students displayed the highest instances of high perceptions of a supportive campus environment, as well as the highest instances of high satisfaction scores. Few statistically significant differences were found between the scores of black and white students, regardless of the sex of the student.