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This study attempts to evaluate whether or not the theories of social change and conflict formulated in the United States and Western Europe can be applied to postcommunist societies. In particular, with Poland as a case study, the applicability of two theories has been examined. One is Ronald Inglehart's theory of a shift from materialist to postmaterialist values in postindustrial societies. The other one is Ralf Dahrendorf's theory of the modern social conflict and the emergence of the underclass in postindustrial societies. The operationalization of Inglehart's theory has been based on the support given to political parties in the Polish parliamentary elections on September 19, 1993. The findings suggest that there is a value cleavage in Polish society between older and younger age cohorts. The conditions of the socioeconomic environment prevailing during the maturation period of each age cohort appear to be a main factor causing the differences in value orientation. Since older age cohorts experienced World War II and the subsequent economic hardships they give priority to personal safety and economic security (materialist values). Younger age cohorts take their economic well-being for granted and are interested in problems like the condition of the natural environment or the sense of life (postmaterialist values). The operationalization of Dahrendorf's theory has been based on statistical data from Poland. The findings suggest that although it is too early to talk about the existence of the underclass in Poland there are social and economic processes which may cause its emergence. These processes include the political and economic diversification of the working class, increasing unemployment, and exclusion of the economically disadvantaged groups of Polish society from the democratic political process. / Master of Arts

A study was conducted to explore the usefulness of scalogram analysis of 24-hour recall dietary data as a measure of dietary complexity in relationship to other measures of social stratification, status incongruity and selected stress related health indicators in a population of Jerusalem adolescents and a sub-sample of their parents. Data used in the study were collected as part of the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. The study sample consisted of 2,160 adults and seventeen year olds. Twenty four hour dietary recall data were transformed into a series of food group variables based on use of any, or non use of all, food item(s) in the group. Using a Guttman scale procedure with adjustment for misclassification, separate quasi scales were generated for each of the four major ethnic groups in the study sample. Ethnicity was determined by the country of birth for adults and country of father's birth for adolescents. Each scale contained five food groups. Guttman scale scores and a dichotomous complexity score based on the Guttman scale scores were then compared with selected social stratification, nutritional, behavioral and health status variables. Univariate analyses of scale ranks with other variables showed a significant negative association with age and positive association with education of father. Spouse status inconsistency was marginally positively associated with dietary complexity. Spouse scale scores were significantly correlated for homogeneous (same origin) pairs but not for nonhomogeneous pairs. Fathers' complexity scores were associated with those of their children but mothers' scores were not. Nutrients associated with complexity were primarily fat, cholesterol and energy (positive), starch and carbohydrate (negative). Mean plasma cholesterol was higher in fathers in the high complexity group, compared to fathers in the low complexity group, but stress related health and behavioral variables did not appear to be related to dietary complexity as measured in this study. It was concluded that the Guttman procedure used with twenty-four hour recall data tends to scale one day dietary patterns rather than a dietary habit and only to the extent that the twenty-four hour intake represents habitual intake could it reliably scale people. / Ph. D.

Are the cognitive and reality correlates of depression similar across different socioeconomic classes? There is reason to suspect that they are not. Depression in the lower class may be tied more to bad life events than to aberrant cognitions, while depression in the middle and upper classes may show the opposite pattern. However, no study has investigated these possibilities. In the present investigation, 396 college students completed questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, social support, occurrence of life events, dysfunctional attitudes, and attributional style. Some support for the hypothesis of different correlates across SES classes was found, but for the most part, correlates were the same in all classes. Depression was correlated with the occurrence of aversive life events, with the endorsement of dysfunctional attitudes, and with an attributional style in which bad events were explained with Internal, Stable and Global causes. This pattern was consistent across the sexes. Possible reasons for the results and implications are discussed. / Ph. D.

by Tai Bing Kuen. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1975. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-128).

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張文紅. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 參考文獻 (p. 281-297). / 中英文摘要. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Zhang Wenhong. / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Can kao wen xian (p. 281-297).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of English Language and Literature, August 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.