Bakgrund: Sammanställningar på fallförebyggande åtgärder är främst centrerat kring träning men bristfällig gällande psykologiska interventioner och osäkert kring sociala interventioner. Författarna ser därav en möjlighet att sammanställa evidens genom en systematisk litteraturöversikt kring fallförebyggande åtgärder ur ett biopsykosocialt perspektiv.  Syfte: Syfte med denna studie är att genom en systematisk litteraturöversikt sammanställa forskning kring fallförebyggande åtgärder hos äldre personer. Vidare är syftet att redovisa detta ur ett biopsykosocialt perspektiv samt att bedöma samtliga inkluderade studiers kvalitet.   Metod: Författarna i denna litteraturöversikt genomförde en litteratursökning i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL Plus. Projektprocessen slutade upp med sju RCT-studier som inkluderades utifrån studiens frågeställningar och syfte och vidare granskades utifrån SBU:s granskningsmallar.  Resultat: Fysiska åtgärder sågs i form av kombinerad balans och styrka i nedre extremitet samt funktionellt inriktad träning. Psykologiska åtgärder sågs i form av MI. Sociala åtgärder sågs i form av gruppträning. Kvaliteten av inkluderade studier bedömdes som måttlig och evidensstyrkan som begränsad. Slutsatser: Fysiska åtgärder visade ge positiva utfall på mängden fall. Psykologiska åtgärder visade inte ha några positiva utfall på mängden fall. Sociala åtgärder visades stödja följsamhet av träning. Funktionell träning i grupp kan vara en relevant åtgärd i förebyggande av fall för äldre individer. / Background: Reviews of fall prevention measures are mainly centered around training but inadequate regarding psychological interventions and uncertain around social interventions. The authors see this as an opportunity to compile evidence through a systematic literature review on fall prevention measures from a biopsychosocial perspective.  Objective: The objective of this study is to compile research on fall prevention measures in the elderly. Furthermore, the purpose is to review the evidence through the lens of a biopsychosocial perspective and to assess the quality of all included studies.  Method: The authors of this literature review conducted a literature search in PubMed and CINAHL Plus. The project-process ended with seven RCT-studies that were included based on the study's questions and purpose and further examined based on SBU's review templates.  Results: Physical measures were seen in combined balance and strength in the lower extremity as well as functional training. Psychological measures were seen in the form of MI. Social measures were seen in the form of group training. The quality of the included studies was assessed to be moderate and the strength of evidence to be limited.  Conclusions: Physical measures showed positive results on the number of falls. Psychological measures did not show any positive outcomes in the number of falls. Social measures were shown to support adherence to exercise. Functional training in groups can be a relevant measure in preventing falls for older individuals.

Despite HIV and AIDS knowledge and attitude change programmes, workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination persists in workplaces in many sectors, including the education sector. This study set out to investigate why the phenomenon of workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination persists; and to predict which factors were responsible and how they related to HIV and AIDS-related discrimination in the workplace. A stratified random sample of 205 teachers; 123 of whom were from 10 schools of varied backgrounds in Bojanala Region of North West Province of South Africa and 82 from schools around Kampala, Central Region of Uganda was drawn. Twenty-seven respondents of the South African sample participated in both the quantitative survey and in-depth interview while the rest responded to a selfadministered questionnaire. Using a stepwise regression analysis, traditional beliefs predicted workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination, explained11% of variance in the second model while the third model explained only 2% more – 13% (R square of 0.136) but each of the three models was significant (p-values of 0.000). Attitudes were the second strongest predictor; and only HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge could predict discrimination but not biomedical HIV and AIDS knowledge. In the in-depth interview, incidents of discrimination were reported, possible reasons for HIV and AIDS-related discrimination were reported; and it was found that workers varied in ways of keeping secrets regarding sensitive information such as colleagues’ HIV-positive status, and cited reasons for revealing such information which included malice, jealousy, moral responsibility, anger and loose talks. There are implications for reducing workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination which include: Integrating HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge with biomedical HIV and AIDS knowledge, more efforts should be spent in designing and imparting information to reduce traditional beliefs, develop and evaluate instruments to measure traditional beliefs and HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge; and to study more about secret keeping, particularly in regard to workplace HIV and AIDSrelated discrimination. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / D. Admin. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Despite HIV and AIDS knowledge and attitude change programmes, workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination persists in workplaces in many sectors, including the education sector. This study set out to investigate why the phenomenon of workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination persists; and to predict which factors were responsible and how they related to HIV and AIDS-related discrimination in the workplace. A stratified random sample of 205 teachers; 123 of whom were from 10 schools of varied backgrounds in Bojanala Region of North West Province of South Africa and 82 from schools around Kampala, Central Region of Uganda was drawn. Twenty-seven respondents of the South African sample participated in both the quantitative survey and in-depth interview while the rest responded to a selfadministered questionnaire. Using a stepwise regression analysis, traditional beliefs predicted workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination, explained11% of variance in the second model while the third model explained only 2% more – 13% (R square of 0.136) but each of the three models was significant (p-values of 0.000). Attitudes were the second strongest predictor; and only HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge could predict discrimination but not biomedical HIV and AIDS knowledge. In the in-depth interview, incidents of discrimination were reported, possible reasons for HIV and AIDS-related discrimination were reported; and it was found that workers varied in ways of keeping secrets regarding sensitive information such as colleagues’ HIV-positive status, and cited reasons for revealing such information which included malice, jealousy, moral responsibility, anger and loose talks. There are implications for reducing workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination which include: Integrating HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge with biomedical HIV and AIDS knowledge, more efforts should be spent in designing and imparting information to reduce traditional beliefs, develop and evaluate instruments to measure traditional beliefs and HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge; and to study more about secret keeping, particularly in regard to workplace HIV and AIDSrelated discrimination. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Admin. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)