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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Overexpression of BDNF in the ventral tegmental area enhances binge cocaine self-administration in rats exposed to repeated social defeat.

Wang, Junshi, Bastle, Ryan M, Bass, Caroline E, Hammer, Ronald P, Neisewander, Janet L, Nikulina, Ella M 10 1900 (has links)
Stress is a major risk factor for substance abuse. Intermittent social defeat stress increases drug self-administration (SA) and elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in rats. Intra-VTA BDNF overexpression enhances social defeat stress-induced cross-sensitization to psychostimulants and induces nucleus accumbens (NAc) ΔFosB expression. Therefore, increased VTA BDNF may mimic or augment the development of drug abuse-related behavior following social stress. To test this hypothesis, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was infused into the VTA to overexpress either GFP alone (control) or GFP + BDNF. Rats were then either handled or exposed to intermittent social defeat stress before beginning cocaine SA training. The SA acquisition and maintenance phases were followed by testing on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of cocaine reinforcement, and then during a 12-h access "binge" cocaine SA session. BDNF and ΔFosB were quantified postmortem in regions of the mesocorticolimbic circuitry using immunohistochemistry. Social defeat stress increased cocaine intake on a PR schedule, regardless of virus treatment. While stress alone increased intake during the 12-h binge session, socially-defeated rats that received VTA BDNF overexpression exhibited even greater cocaine intake compared to the GFP-stressed group. However, VTA BDNF overexpression alone did not alter binge intake. BDNF expression in the VTA was also positively correlated with total cocaine intake during binge session. VTA BDNF overexpression increased ΔFosB expression in the NAc, but not in the dorsal striatum. Here we demonstrate that VTA BDNF overexpression increases long-access cocaine intake, but only under stressful conditions. Therefore, enhanced VTA-BDNF expression may be a facilitator for stress-induced increases in drug abuse-related behavior specifically under conditions that capture compulsive-like drug intake.
2

Mesolimbic GluA1 AMPA Receptor Signaling in Dopaminergic Neurons Plays a Critical Role in the Induction of Cross-Sensitization to Psychostimulants in Response to Social Stress

January 2020 (has links)
abstract: Intermittent social defeat stress induces psychostimulant cross-sensitization, as well as long-lasting social avoidance behavior. Previous data reveal heightened expression of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) GluA1 subunits in rat ventral tegmental area (VTA), which occurs concurrently with social stress-induced amphetamine (AMPH) cross-sensitization. These studies described herein examined whether VTA GluA1 AMPARs are important for the behavioral consequences of social stress and investigated the role of the infralimbic (IL) to VTA pathway in the induction of these responses. Functional inactivation of GluA1 in VTA DA neurons prevented stress-induced AMPH sensitization without affecting social avoidance behavior, while GluA1 overexpression in VTA DA neurons mimicked the effects of stress on AMPH sensitization. Female rats were more sensitive to the effects of stress on AMPH administration than males, specifically during proestrus/estrus, which is characterized by higher circulating estradiol. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry revealed that females expressed higher GluA1 in VTA DA neurons as a result of intermittent social defeat stress, independent of estrus stage; by contrast, females during proestrus/estrus displayed higher tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (TrkB) expression, which is the receptor for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in VTA DA neurons, independent of stress exposure. Functional inactivation of GluA1 in VTA DA neurons prevented stress-induced AMPH sensitization and overexpression mimicked the effects of stress on AMPH sensitization. This suggests that BDNF-TrkB signaling may work concomitantly with GluA1 signaling in the VTA to drive sex-dependent differences in stress-induced locomotor sensitization effects. Optogenetic inhibition of the IL-VTA pathway in male rats prevented stress-induced AMPH sensitization compared to control animals. In addition, fluorescent immunohistochemistry displayed less Fos labeling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats with IL-VTA light inhibition compared to control animals. This suggests that the IL-VTA pathway plays a critical role in the induction of stress-induced sensitivity to AMPH, and blocking this pathway prevents mesolimbic DA signaling to the NAc. We conclude that IL glutamate projections onto GluA1-homomeric AMPA receptors in VTA DA neurons play a critical role in driving the stress-induced sensitization response in males and females. Therefore, GluA1 VTA DA neurons could potentially be a therapeutic target to prevent stress-induced drug susceptibility in the future. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Neuroscience 2020
3

Social Defeat Stress Causes a Switch in the Neural Systems Mediating Benzodiazepine Motivation

Doss, Lilian 07 December 2011 (has links)
Benzodiazepines are widely abused by anxious individuals. Consequently, this thesis modeled anxiety in a mouse model in order to investigate benzodiazepine motivation within this sub-population. Using the Tube test of Social Dominance and the Resident/Intruder Paradigm I investigated whether animals identified as dominant or submissive/defeated would differentially display a preference for 0.25 mg/kg midazolam in a conditioned place preference paradigm. Consistent with my hypotheses, benzodiazepine preference was mediated by negative reinforcement as submissive but not dominant mice displayed a preference for midazolam. Furthermore, different neural systems mediated benzodiazepine preference dependent on the stress status of the animal (acute vs. chronic stress) such that, acutely stressed animals experienced benzodiazepine preference through a dopamine-independent pathway whereas chronically stressed animals experienced benzodiazepine preference through a dopamine-dependent pathway. Within chronically stressed mice, blockade of either D1 or D2 receptors attenuated benzodiazepine preference.
4

Social Defeat Stress Causes a Switch in the Neural Systems Mediating Benzodiazepine Motivation

Doss, Lilian 07 December 2011 (has links)
Benzodiazepines are widely abused by anxious individuals. Consequently, this thesis modeled anxiety in a mouse model in order to investigate benzodiazepine motivation within this sub-population. Using the Tube test of Social Dominance and the Resident/Intruder Paradigm I investigated whether animals identified as dominant or submissive/defeated would differentially display a preference for 0.25 mg/kg midazolam in a conditioned place preference paradigm. Consistent with my hypotheses, benzodiazepine preference was mediated by negative reinforcement as submissive but not dominant mice displayed a preference for midazolam. Furthermore, different neural systems mediated benzodiazepine preference dependent on the stress status of the animal (acute vs. chronic stress) such that, acutely stressed animals experienced benzodiazepine preference through a dopamine-independent pathway whereas chronically stressed animals experienced benzodiazepine preference through a dopamine-dependent pathway. Within chronically stressed mice, blockade of either D1 or D2 receptors attenuated benzodiazepine preference.
5

Rôle du récepteur 5-HT3 dans la physiopathologie de la dépression et son traitement / Role of 5-HT3 receptor in depression and its treatment

Martin, Vincent 29 January 2016 (has links)
Les antidépresseurs ISRS (inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de sérotonine) sont parmi les plus prescrits pour traiter les épisodes dépressifs majeurs. Cependant, leur efficacité n’est pas optimale. En effet, ils montrent un long délai d’action, de nombreux effets indésirables et sont inefficaces pour une proportion non négligeable de patients. La dépression étant actuellement un enjeu de santé publique majeur, il est donc nécessaire de développer de nouvelles molécules possédant un meilleur profil thérapeutique. Récemment, un intérêt croissant a été porté sur le récepteur 5-HT3, notamment depuis le développement de la vortioxétine, ISRS de nouvelle génération ayant des propriétés antagonistes pour ce récepteur localisé dans les zones cérébrales contrôlant l’humeur. Le but de ce travail de thèse a été d’étudier le rôle du récepteur 5-HT3 dans la réponse aux antidépresseurs, ainsi que dans la physiopathologie de la dépression. Dans ce cadre, nous avons utilisé une approche génétique, en caractérisant un modèle de souris knockout (KO) dont le gène de la sous-unité 3A du récepteur 5-HT3 a été invalidé. Le phénotype de ces animaux et leurs contrôles de type sauvage (Wild-Type, WT) a tout d’abord été évalué dans des tests comportementaux de screening de molécules anxiolytiques et antidépressives, puis leur réponse à des traitements aigus d’ISRS a été mesurée par ces mêmes approches. L’effet de traitements antidépresseurs chroniques a quant à lui été évalué par une technique d’électrophysiologie in vitro. Enfin, les souris ont été soumises au modèle du stress de défaite sociale chronique (CSDS), afin de déterminer le rôle du récepteur 5-HT3 dans la réponse au stress. En conditions basales, le turn-over de la sérotonine est diminué chez les souris 5-HT3 KO par rapport aux souris WT. Cet effet est accompagné par une augmentation de l’expression génique des récepteurs 5-HT1A et de leur couplage aux protéines G au niveau du noyau raphé dorsal (NRD) des souris KO par rapport aux WT. Au niveau comportemental, les souris KO 5-HT3 montrent un phénotype apparenté à celui induit par un anxiolytique et par un antidépresseur. Lorsqu’elles reçoivent une injection de citalopram, un ISRS sélectif, les souris 5-HT3 KO ne se comportent pas différemment de leurs contrôles WT dans les tests de screening des antidépresseurs. Cependant, dans ces mêmes tests, l’effet de la fluoxétine, ISRS possédant des propriétés antagonistes pour le récepteur 5-HT3, est perdu chez les souris 5-HT3 KO. Le traitement chronique par le citalopram (20 mg/kg/j) induit une désensibilisation similaire des autorécepteurs 5-HT1A localisés sur les neurones sérotoninergiques du NRD chez les animaux WT et KO. Dans les mêmes conditions, mais en utilisant une dose de citalopram plus faible (5 mg/kg/j), la désensibilisation des autorécepteurs 5-HT1A est plus forte chez les animaux KO que chez les WT, confortant ainsi l’effet potentialisateur de l’invalidation des récepteurs 5-HT3 dans l’efficacité thérapeutique des ISRS. Afin de disséquer le rôle des récepteurs 5-HT3 dans la réponse au stress chronique, le CSDS a fait l’objet d’une validation avec l’agomélatine, antidépresseur de nouvelle génération. Ce stress a engendré des altérations de la mémoire à long terme, en lien avec des modifications de l’expression génique de l’exon IV du BDNF et d’enzymes de régulation épigénétique. Ces effets délétères du stress ont été traités efficacement par l’agomélatine (50 mg/kg/j) en injection chronique, mais cette molécule n’a cependant pas modifié les effets du CSDS sur les phénotypes de type anxieux et dépressifs observés après le stress. Nous avons montré que le CSDS augmentait l’expression génique de la sous-unité 3A du récepteur 5-HT3 dans différentes structures cérébrales des souris WT. De plus, les altérations de l’expression génique de CamkIIa et SOD1 induites par le stress dans le cortex préfrontal des souris WT n’ont pas été retrouvées chez les souris 5-HT3 KO (...) / SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) antidepressants are among the most prescribed drugs to treat major depression. However, their efficacy is not optimal yet. Indeed, they possess a long delay of action, various side effects and show not efficacy in some patients. As depression is currently a global burden, there is a great need for new molecules with a better therapeutic efficacy. Recently, an increased attention has been taking to 5-HT3 receptors, notably since the development of vortioxetine, a new generation SSRI that antagonizes this receptor. The aim of the study was to assess the role of 5-HT3 receptor in the antidepressant response and the physiopathology of depression. In this context, we used a genetic approach, by characterizing a knockout (KO) mice model lacking the 3A subunit of the 5-HT3 receptor. Their phenotype and the one of wild-type (WT) control mice was first evaluated in behavioral tests widely used for antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs screening, then following acute SSRI treatments. Effect of chronic SSRI administration was assessed by in vitro electrophysiology. Finally, mice were submitted to the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model, to determine the role of 5-HT3 receptor in stress response. In basal conditions, 5-HT turnover was decreased in 5-HT3 KO mice compared with WT mice. This effect was accompanied by an increase in the 5-HT1A receptor gene expression and their coupling to G proteins at the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) level. 5-HT3 KO mice displayed anxiolytic-like and antidepressive-like phenotype. When injected with citalopram, a very selective SSRI, 5-HT3 KO mice behaved similarly as WT mice in antidepressant screening tests. However, in the same tests, the effect of fluoxetine, a SSRI that possesses 5-HT3 receptor antagonist properties, was blunted in 5-HT3 KO mice. Chronic treatment with citalopram (20 mg/kg/d) induced in WT and KO mice a similar desensitization of 5-HT1A autoreceptors located on DRN 5-HT neurons. In the same conditions, but using a lower citalopram dose (5 mg/kg/d), 5-HT1A autoreceptor desensitization was higher in 5-HT3 KO mice than in WT mice, thus reinforcing the potentiating effect of the 5-HT3 receptor in the SSRI efficacy. In order to assess the role of 5-HT3 receptor in chronic stress response, CSDS paradigm was validated using agomelatine, a new generation antidepressant drug. This stress model provoked long term memory alterations, linked with modifications in hippocampal mRNA levels of BDNF exon IV and epigenetic modifying enzymes. These deleterious stress effects were prevented by chronic agomelatine treatment (50 mg/kg/d), but this molecule did not modify the stress-induced anxious- and depressive-like phenotypes. We showed that subunit 3A gene expression was increased in various WT mice brain structures subjected to CSDS. Moreover, stress-induced modifications of CamkIIa and SOD1 gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of WT mice were not present in KO mice. Genetic invalidation of 5-HT3 receptor blocked the effects of social stress in some behavioral tests (splash test, saccharine preference test) and on body weight gain. Taken altogether, these data show that 5-HT3 receptor plays an important role in anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. Moreover, invalidation of this receptor increased the effect of a low dose chronic SSRI treatment, and blunted the effect of a SSRI targeting 5-HT3 receptor. These results highlight the interest of this receptor in the development of innovating therapies to treat anxio-depressive disorders. Finally, the reduced sensitivity of 5-HT3 KO mice to chronic stress suggests an involvement of this receptor in stress-related behaviors and depression physiopathology.
6

Impact d’une déficience en acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) de la série n-3 sur les comportements émotionnels et la plasticité cérébrale chez la souris / Impact of nutritional n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids deficiency on emotional behavior and cerebral plasticity in mice

Larrieu, Thomas 07 December 2012 (has links)
Un faible apport alimentaire en acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) de la série n-3 a été associé à la prévalence des troubles de l'humeur chez l’Homme. Chez les rongeurs, les approches nutritionnelles visant à modéliser une alimentation pauvre en AGPI n-3 ont largement été développées au siècle dernier. En effet, un régime alimentaire carencé en AGPI n-3 sur une ou plusieurs générations induit chez le rongeur des altérations des comportements émotionnels tels que des comportements de type dépressif ou anxieux. Nous avons montré au laboratoire Nutrineuro que des souris nourries avec un régime déficient en AGPI n-3 présentent des niveaux d’AGPI n-3, en particulier l'acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA, un AGPI n-3) plus faible dans le cortex préfrontal (PFC) et dans le noyau accumbens (NAc) par rapport aux souris contrôle. De plus, nous avons pu mettre en évidence qu’une alimentation déficiente en AGPI n-3 est capable de moduler la plasticité synaptique dépendante du système endocannabinoïde (eCB). De fait, la réduction de DHA dans le CPF et le NAc est accompagnée d'une altération de la dépression à long terme (LTD-eCB) et des voies de signalisation dépendantes du système eCB au niveau du CPF (Lafourcade et al., 2011 ; Larrieu et al, 2012). Nos données indiquent que ces altérations sont dues à un découplage entre le récepteur cannabinoïde 1 (CB1R) et la protéine Gi/o. De plus, les souris déficientes en AGPI n-3 présentent des déficits comportementaux dans plusieurs tests évaluant les comportements émotionnels. Afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes qui sous-tendent la diminution du DHA dans le CPF et les altérations des comportements émotionnels, nous avons étudié la morphologie neuronale dans le CPF et l’axe hypothalamo-hypophysaire (HPA) chez les souris déficientes en AGPI n-3. Nous avons montré que le régime alimentaire déficient en AGPI n-3 induit une atrophie de l’arborisation dendritique dans les neurones pyramidaux du CPF. L'atrophie dendritique est semblable à celle mesurée chez les souris soumises au régime équilibré en AGPI n-3 et soumises à un stress chronique de défaite sociale (CSDS). Aucun effet additionnel du CSDS sur la morphologie neuronale et le comportement émotionnel n’a été observé chez les souris déficientes en AGPI n-3. Nous avons ensuite étudié le rôle de l’axe HPA dans le développement des altérations comportementales et neurobiologiques chez les souris déficientes en AGPI n-3. Ces souris présentent une diminution de l'expression des récepteurs des glucocorticoïdes (GR) dans le CPF associée à une augmentation des taux circulants de corticostérone. Dans leur ensemble, nos résultats montrent qu’un faible apport alimentaire en AGPI n-3 peut modifier la plasticité synaptique dépendante du système eCB ainsi que l’arborisation dendritique des neurones du CPF. Nous avons également pu montrer que l’élévation des niveaux de corticostérone était impliquée dans l’altération des comportements émotionnels observée chez des souris nourries avec un régime déficient en AGPI n-3. / Low dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with the prevalence of mood disorders in humans. In rodents, nutritional approaches aiming at modeling poor dietary n-3 PUFAs intake have been extensively developed in the last century. As a result, one- or multi-generation dietary n-3 deficiency induces depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. We have shown in the Nutrineuro lab that mice fed with a diet deficient in n-3 PUFAs exhibit decreased n-3 PUFAs levels, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, a n-3 PUFA) levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). We showed that dietary n-3 PUFA is able to modulate endocannabinoid (eCB) dependent plasticity since DHA reduction in PFC and NAc is accompanied with eCB dependent long term depression (eCB-LTD) and eCB signaling impairment in the PFC (Lafourcade et al., 2011; Larrieu et al., 2012). Our data indicate that LTD alteration results from region-specific uncoupling of CB1 receptor from its effector Gi/o protein. In addition, n-3 deficient mice display behavioral deficits in several tests measuring emotional behavior. To further understand the mechanisms underlying DHA decrease in the PFC and emotional behavior alteration, we thoroughly investigated neuronal morphology and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in n-3 deficient mice. We showed that n-3 deficient diet induced dendritic atrophy in pyramidal neurons within the PFC. The dendritic atrophy was comparable to the one measured in control diet mice submitted to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). No additional effect of CSDS on both neuronal morphology and emotional behavior was measured in n-3 deficient mice. We therefore investigated the role of the HPA axis deregulation in the development of behavioral and neurobiological alterations of n-3 deficient mice. We found a decreased expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the PFC of n-3 deficient mice together with increased circulating levels of corticosterone. Collectively, we unraveled one crucial mechanism underlying n-3 deficiency-induced alterations. Our results show that low dietary n-3 PUFAs can alter eCB-dependent plasticity and neuronal dendritic atrophy within the PFC leading to emotional behavior impairment. Importantly, we further demonstrated that corticosterone elevation in n-3 deficient mice was involved in the n-3 deficiency-induced emotional behavior and dendritic arborization alterations.

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