Neither currently prevalent justifications of punishment, nor a modified, contractarian version of a justification that I develop here, can be used to justify actual state punishment, even if some forms of punishment may remain legitimate. I argue in this thesis that alternative punitive practices such as developed by some Canadian aboriginal communities are more likely to conform to the criteria of punitive justice developed by standard justifications, as well as being more likely to conform to criteria developed in feminist ethics.

This study uses two survey data - one conducted in Kyrgyzstan and another in the United States - to examine the effect of familial responsibilities, cultural expectations and tradition in Kyrgyzstan on young adults' decision to marry a foreigner. It predicted there would be certain gender and ethnic differences in migration of 18 to 30 years old young adults, citizens of Kyrgyzstan. Two assumptions were explored: 1) females, more than males, would like to marry a foreigner and stay in a foreign country and 2) Russian, more than Turkic respondents would like to stay in a foreign country if they found a mate who was a foreigner. These differences were expected due to contrasting familial responsibilities of females versus males and Russian versus Turkic young people. Familial responsibilities did not explain the gender and ethnic differences in marriage migration. The gender variable suggests further investigation whereas the ethnic differences show a stronger effect on the marriage migration. Russians, more than Turkic young adults, wanted to marry a foreigner since they wanted to emigrate from Kyrgyzstan eventually and did not want to return. / Department of Sociology

As the efficacy of cancer treatments has improved and the life span for cancer patients has extended, interest in patients' quality of life has increased. Assessing patients' quality of life continues to gain importance as it impacts numerous facets of oncology. Similarly, interest in spirituality and religiosity have increased as they become recognized as resources for healing in health care. This study examined spirituality and religiosity and their relationship with quality of life in cancer patients. Additional variables such as age, gender, and stage of cancer were also examined for their relationship to quality of life in cancer patients. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine if spirituality, religiosity, age, gender, and stage of cancer are predictors of cancer patients' quality of life. The analysis indicated that patients with higher levels of spirituality tend to experience better quality of life, and patients with more advanced stages of cancer tend to experience lower quality of life. Religiosity, age, and gender were not predictors of cancer patients' quality of life. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This thesis argues that since baseball is "America's National Game" and Muncie, Indiana, is commonly perceived as "Middletown USA," that Muncie baseball should be very reflective of the national game and serve as a microcosm for both national and local social changes. A detailed historical account of baseball in Muncie, Indiana, from 1876 to 1953 is provided which serves as an excellent model of the importance of semi-professional baseball in a small city.This project has uncovered some interesting facts about the role of sports because baseball was actually treated in Muncie more as entertainment than as a sport. The real reason for the success of Muncie baseball was the constant availability of quality baseball parks and that appears to be an important criteria for a successful semi-professionalbaseball club.Muncie was very reflective of the "National Game" as the Pittsburgh Pirates held spring training during World War II in Muncie and the Cincinnati Reds supported a Class "D" farm club from 1946 to 1950. Such national attention from major league clubs was a product of a very rich Muncie baseball tradition. / Department of History

The thesis examines the use of traditional literacy promulgated by the Koranic schools among the Berti in the Northern Darfur Province of the Republic of the Sudan. This literacy is restricted both in the scope of its use as well as in its social distribution, which remains limited to religious specialists - fakis. Instead of leading to a change in the traditional mode of thought, Berti literacy contributes considerably to maintaining the homeostatic tendency supposedly characteristic of oral societies. Literacy plays an important role in the Berti religious life. The words of God contained in the Koran and other books widely used by the fakis are considered to be sacred, and an important aspect of Berti religion is their internalisation in the form of memorisation, drinking of erasure and the retaining of amulets (hijbat). The repetition of sacred words is used as a means of invoking God in communal rituals and the rites of passage. Literacy underlies book divination practised by the fakis and its literate origin is the ultimate sanction of sand divination which is primarily practised by the illiterate Berti. In their use of the sacred words in healing, divination, communal rituals, rites of passage and the preparation of amulets and erasure, Berti fakis impose their own meaning on the Koranic text which differs considerably from its theological meaning. The thesis includes translation and analysis of over 50 original texts pertaining to erasure writing, amulets, book divination and communal rituals. Photocopies of 25 original amulets are presented in the thesis and the majority of them are translated and commented upon.

The Dene are a subarctic people indigenous to northern Canada. The indirect and direct contact the Dene had with the European traders and Christian missionaries who came to their land around the turn of the 20th century triggered profound changes in their society and economy. This study focuses on some of these changes, and, particularly, on how they have affected the lives of Dene women who inhabit the small community of Fort Liard, which is located in the southwest corner of the Northwest Territories. / Using as context the formal and informal economy and the concept of the model of production, the author proposes two main ideas: first, "nurturing" or "social reproduction" and "providing" or "production" are vital and integral to the Dene's subsistence economy and concept of work; second, it is through the custom of "seclusion" or female puberty rites that the teaching and learning of these responsibilities occurred. Dene women played a pivotal role in this process. The impositions of external government, Christianity, capitalism, and free market economics have altered Dene women's concept of work. / The Dene women of Fort Liard are presently working to regain the social and economic status they once had. However, reclaiming their status in current times involves recognizing conflicting and contradictory ideologies in the workplace. The goal of these Dene women is, ultimately, to overcome economic and ideological obstacles, to reinforce common cultural values, and to reaffirm the primacy of their own conceptions of family and community. The goal of this study is to identify and examine the broad spectrum of factors and conditions that play a role in their struggles.

No description available.

The present study describes the psychometric development and validation of the Hawaiian Ethnocultural Inventory (HEI), an ethnocultural survey of Native Hawaiian ethnic identity that measures the degree to which individuals are knowledgeable of, believe in, and engage in culturally relevant practices of the Hawaiian heritage. Construction of the instrument was influenced by extant research and previous recommendations suggesting that measures of acculturation and ethnic identity include broad categories or factors that assesses specific cultural practices, customs, and beliefs. The HEI was administered to an adult population of Native Hawaiians, N=237. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a five factor structure that included the following: 1) Beliefs in Hawaiian Cultural Practices, 2) Knowledge of Hawaiian Cultural Practices, 3) Frequency of Performing Arts, 4) Frequency of Ocean Traditions, and 5) Frequency of Spiritual and Family Customs. The factors collectively accounted for 61% of the total variance and reliability estimates for the five factors were uniformly high ranging from .85 - .97. Subsequent 1-Way ANOVA's and post-hoc analyses posited significant between group differences between HEI factors and demographic variables. In conclusion, the data provides supporting evidence of the instrument's construct validity and scale reliability as a measure of Native Hawaiian ethnic identity that may be a useful tool for research among Native Hawaiians in an array of health fields. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-36). / The present study describes the psychometric development and validation of the Hawaiian Ethnocultural Inventory (HEI), an ethnocultural survey of Native Hawaiian ethnic identity that measures the degree to which individuals are knowledgeable of, believe in, and engage in culturally relevant practices of the Hawaiian heritage. Construction of the instrument was influenced by extant research and previous recommendations suggesting that measures of acculturation and ethnic identity include broad categories or factors that assesses [sic] specific cultural practices, customs, and beliefs. The HEI was administered to an adult population of Native Hawaiians, N=237. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a five factor structure that included the following: 1) beliefs in Hawaiian cultural practices, 2) knowledge of Hawaiian cultural practices, 3) frequency of performing arts, 4) frequency of ocean traditions, and 5) frequency of spiritual and family customs. The factors collectively accounted for 61% of the total variance and reliability estimates for the five factors were uniformly high ranging from .85-.97. Subsequent 1-way ANOVA's and post-hoc analyses posited significant between group differences between HEI factors and demographic variables. In conclusion, the data provides supporting evidence of the instrument's construct validity and scale reliability as a measure of Native Hawaiian ethnic identiy that may be a useful tool for research among Native Hawaiians in an array of health fields. / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / vii, 44 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005 / Pacific Islands Studies

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1994 / Pacific Islands Studies