Youth-led provision within organisations that serve young people is not a new concept. However, the majority of youth-led work is project-based or within educational institutions, and little research exists regarding systemic youth-led work within non-educational youth organisations. This research followed a youth centre in North West England during its transition from a practitioner-led model to a more youth-led model. The aims of this research were to identify and analyse the logics and rationalities, practices and processes, and relationships that facilitated and/or hindered the process of change at the centre. The research began as a participant action research (PAR) project, which concluded abruptly mid-way through data collection. In collaboration with the youth centre, it morphed into an ethnography that examined youth-led work in the wider centre. The first contribution to knowledge is the analysis of the process of change using a complexity framework, which found that certain kinds of interactions heavily influenced the character of the centre and thus the process of change. The second contribution is in illustrating the way in which young people can realise their ability for youth leadership as an organic process rooted in context of their own interests and priorities.

The purpose of this study is to determine who visits the V Frölunda Library, Gothenbug,what magazines they read and why. The data presented in this thesis are collectedusing four methods: general observation and counting numbers of visitors, interviewswith 202 magazine readers, the completion of 1308 questiomaires regarding approximately350 maghes and interviews with more than 100 library visitors.The data indicates that men are significantly overrepresented among magazine readersas compared to the female visitors. These men are primarily from the white collar sectorof the community. This leads to a pronounced underrepresentation of the blue coIlarworkers. Young people visit the magazine room in the library at a rate about twice thatexpected from the population distribution.Women are primarily interested in magazines dealing with the home whereas men aremore interested in business, cars, boats and sports. The young people seem to favourmagazines dealing with sports and computers whereas the retired people read primarilybusiness and health journals.The vast majority read the magazines for their own satisfaction while some do it forlearning. It was also found that about 30 % of the magazines were never read by anyone.These results are consistant with those reported in previous studies.

Det här arbetet försöker utveckla delar av Lena Skoglunds undersökning vid Göteborgsstadsbibliotek 1987, främst de användarkategorier baserade på besöksändamål som honanvände. Syftet är att studera vilken roll ett stadsbibliotek spelar för teknisk, naturvetenskapligoch ekonomisk informationsförsörjning. De fragor som stäils är: 1. Var sökerman information?, 2. För vilka ändamål söker man information? och 3. Hur vill man attbiblioteket ska vara uppbyggt med tanke på 1. och 2. I samband med 1. agnas viss uppmärksamhetåt människors kunskaper om bibliotek.Undersökningen är kvalitativ till sin karaktär eftersom avsikten har varit att upptäckamönster och variation i biblioteksanvändningen. Kärnan utgörs av intervjuer med besökarepA Ulricehamns stadsbibliotek (= huvudbiblioteket).Användarintervjuerna tyder på att stadsbiblioteket föredras framför filialerna. Deändamål användarna har med besöken hänger samman med nytta, nyfikenhet, hobby,arbete, sjalvstudier, studier och olika medicinska frågor. De intervjuade betonar främstpedagogiska och kvalitativa aspekter när det gäller satsningar pA olika medier. Önskemalom satsningar på speciella ämnen inskränker sig oftast till egna intresseområden.

The study's aim is to create an understanding for the question why Sweden in 1921chose to create its own classification system for public libraries instead of adapting e.g.the Dewey-system which - at this time - was internationally we11 spread. It examines thesocial changes which proceeded the creation of the Swedish Library Association (SLA)in 1915 and discusses in depth the work of the committee appointed by SLA to createthe classification system. Special interest is also given to the relation between SLACSand the Dewey-system.The study shows that the main influence on the codttee's work was the formerSwedish tradition of classification practice. The Dewey-system was seen as inappropriateto adapt in the Swedish libraries because of the vast changes that wouldhave to be done, and the fact that the decimal notation was practically unused in anylibraries in Sweden.From a methodological point of view, the study tries to apply a critical hermeneuticalapproach as developed by Paul Ricoeur.The study contains an extended English summary.

This paper will portray the differences and similarities that exist between students whoattended the Swedish School of Library and Information Science in Borås.The study is based upon quantitative information gathered from a survey which wasdistributed to first-year students in Borås in the auturnn term 1994. A total of 77 studentsresponded to the survey.We also do a comparative study of the students at all the library programs in Sweden.This is partially based on the findings by a thesis prior to this one by the authorsSvalstedt and Österdahl.We found that the students in Borås differ mainly in their personal histories and backgrounds.When it comes to their attitudes towards the profession and educationalmatters they are similar. Further we found the same to be tme in our comparison of thelibrary programs in total.

This thesig will portray the different types of students at the programs of library studiesin Lund &d Umeå.The study is based upon quantitative information gathered from a survey, which wasdistributed to first-year students in Lund and Umeå. The survey was followed by qualitativeinterviews with four students, and with the director of studies from each school.The study shows that the programs, as we11 as the students, are very similar, althoughthere are some minor diferences. It seemed that the students at Umeå were moreinterested4n culture than those at Lund.A certain connection between the aim at information and the ownership of a computercould be detected. The sex of the students played a major part in their choice of education.The attractors and facilitators, used by Lortie in his study, could also be appliedto the students at the program of library studies in our thesis.

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This study explores the effect of acute in utero exposure to homicides on a range of birth outcomes by testing theories of stress response and critical periods of fetal development. Specifically, this study examines the effect of in utero exposure to homicide on the birth outcomes of infants whose mothers were in close proximity to the homicide compared to infants whose mothers were unexposed to homicide during gestation. This study further investigates how the effect of exposure varies by gestational age at the time of exposure. The data utilized in this analysis are drawn from New Jersey birth records from 1998-2002 and homicide records used in a spatial and ethnographic investigation conducted by the New Jersey Star-Ledger newspaper. The overall analysis in the standard regression model showed that there are quite small, but highly significant positive effects on birth weights. Under a sibling fixed effects rubric these effects go away entirely, indicating that perhaps unobserved familial factors were driving results. Furthermore, the closer a woman and her fetus were to a homicide did not linearly affect the birth outcomes of the fetus. There was also little difference between birth outcomes of mothers residing in low crime and high crime areas. While, mothers in low-crime areas had slightly better birth outcomes, the different was marginal. Falsification tests disproved most significant findings. The questions under investigation would benefit from exploration in locales with greater variation in exposure levels.

This dissertation uses the case of autism to examine the changing contours of disability, personhood and civil society in contemporary Turkey. Drawing on qualitative data collected through fieldwork and interviews, I show that despite the arguments proposed by parents groups and the scientific literature, the dissemination of autism diagnoses globally does not indicate a universalization of the experience, interpretation and moral understanding of the disease category. Instead, the translation of autism to the Turkish context was contingent upon the specific institutional conditions determined by professional struggles, the organization of civil society and the transformation of the welfare state. My findings suggest that there is a split moral career of the child presenting with developmental problems in Turkey with divergent paths to referral, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. In the absence of high quality, state subsidized special education services, middle class parents have allied with Western educated experts to disassemble the autism spectrum resulting in the formation of what I call a "disorder without a diagnosis". These findings are significant in understanding the changing relations of expertise in a non-Western context.

Many researchers cite living more sustainably as humans' most pressing long- term challenge. Living sustainably can be defined as meeting one's needs without interfering with future generations ability to meet their needs. Engaging students with the social causes and effects of sustainability issues may help to address and create dialogue about our own needs and those of future generations. Unfortunately, no studies examine how teachers deliver this topic as a social issue in their classrooms. Through the research question, "What are the curricular, pedagogical, and assessment strategies of three teachers when they teach the social issues of sustainability education?" this qualitative case study seeks findings useful to the education field. For example, teachers might learn how peers plan, implement, and assess this sort of instruction. Teacher educators could create or update pre- service education sustainability frameworks. Or, researchers might study the findings' impact on existing educational paradigms. Thus, this study advances understanding within education on ways to sustain humanity's prosperity.