This minithesis provides an ethnographic account of the life world of older people in the community of Belhar in the Cape Peninsula, which was historically categorised as a &lsquo / coloured&rsquo / community during the implementation of the Group Areas Act. By content analysing newspaper articles published in the early 1980s and specifically during the implementation of the Group Areas Act I found that many of the residents reported that they lived in fear of their lives, in what was once known as a &lsquo / prestige suburb&rsquo / . At the present time the community of Belhar is an intensely gang-infested area. From preliminary research done by myself at a senior citizen centre in Belhar, the high incidence of violence was a recurring theme throughout discussions with older people. In fact when I posed the question Why do you come to the centre five days a week? to a group of older people they answered without hesitation It is unsafe for an older person to be alone during the day. Answers like these to many of the questions that I posed would almost always be followed with Things were better then. It also was apparent that the older people in this community remember (or perhaps reconstruct) the past in the context of their present living situation. This became the leading theme in my study and is also the background against which I had formulated my research questions. However this study not only focused on the impact of the high incidence of violence on the community of older people but also essentially looked at elderly residents&rsquo / everyday lived experiences in Belhar. The research sample consisted of twenty elderly residents and four key informants. The latter provided mainly infrastructural data on the community. Primary data was collected by using ethnographic techniques of inquiry which included participant observation and unstructured interviews. Results revealed that older people occupy a liminal space both in the community and in their households. I also found that the elderly stroke victim is twice silenced and marginalized due to the constraints brought on by their chronic illness and their status as an older person in the community.

This research was carried out between June and July 2008 among migrant labour women who work in the clothes manufacturing industries of Lesotho. It aimed at uncovering the effects that women's absence in families has on their families, basing itself on the assumption that women employees of manufacturing industries of Maseru are migrants from rural areas whose families remain in the rural areas. The three main findings in the research are that; men do not remain in rural areas but migrate and work in the manufacturing industries in Maseru as well, while children remain behind in the care of either maternal or paternal extended family. Secondly, this set up (men migrating with their wives) has enhanced marital relationships of migrant labour women, while children of migrant labour women have been affected negatively by being separated from their mothers. A third finding that emerged in this study is that women indulge in extramarital affairs even when they live and stay in the same place with their husbands. Finally, this paper recommends strategies that may ensure that mothers and children maintain a healthy relationship and it makes suggestions pertaining to the spread of HIV in the manufacturing industries. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2008.

This minithesis provides an ethnographic account of the life world of older people in the community of Belhar in the Cape Peninsula, which was historically categorised as a &lsquo / coloured&rsquo / community during the implementation of the Group Areas Act. By content analysing newspaper articles published in the early 1980s and specifically during the implementation of the Group Areas Act I found that many of the residents reported that they lived in fear of their lives, in what was once known as a &lsquo / prestige suburb&rsquo / . At the present time the community of Belhar is an intensely gang-infested area. From preliminary research done by myself at a senior citizen centre in Belhar, the high incidence of violence was a recurring theme throughout discussions with older people. In fact when I posed the question Why do you come to the centre five days a week? to a group of older people they answered without hesitation It is unsafe for an older person to be alone during the day. Answers like these to many of the questions that I posed would almost always be followed with Things were better then. It also was apparent that the older people in this community remember (or perhaps reconstruct) the past in the context of their present living situation. This became the leading theme in my study and is also the background against which I had formulated my research questions. However this study not only focused on the impact of the high incidence of violence on the community of older people but also essentially looked at elderly residents&rsquo / everyday lived experiences in Belhar. The research sample consisted of twenty elderly residents and four key informants. The latter provided mainly infrastructural data on the community. Primary data was collected by using ethnographic techniques of inquiry which included participant observation and unstructured interviews. Results revealed that older people occupy a liminal space both in the community and in their households. I also found that the elderly stroke victim is twice silenced and marginalized due to the constraints brought on by their chronic illness and their status as an older person in the community.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF EDUCATION in the FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2014 / The purpose for this study was to reveal the perceptions held by science teachers on the integration of socio-scientific issues in their science teaching. Also pertinent to this investigation was an understanding of what these teachers saw as the purpose(s) of such integration, how they purported to carry out the integration in their classroom, and how they perceive the role of social justice in science teaching. The theoretical principles of critical pedagogy underpinned the study and its methodology was guided by a phenomenological approach. The qualitative study was confined to eight schools in the Cape Town Metropole and ten science teachers made up the purposefully selected sample. Grounded theory was used as a method of analysis of the transcripts obtained from the semi-structured interviews conducted with the teachers on the socio-scientific issues depicted by two scenarios. Teachers saw the purposes for SSI integration in terms of its focus on the science curriculum, the everyday relevance of science and the impact of science. In addition they thought SSI integration could be useful to inculcate values, encourage behaviour change, advance both society and self, and develop critical thinking. They cited seven different teaching strategies and practices which they preferred for such integration: enquiry-based tasks; science content-specific activities; science-technology-society-environment (STSE) activities; communication of science information; science oriented projects; literacy programmes and deliberation and decision-making. The teachers thought that they could use the SSI scenarios to address socio-economic issues and issues pertaining to equity, self-determination, equality and civic values. Four general teacher profiles emerged from the research findings. These profiles captured both the commonalities and diversity existing among the participants’ perspectives.

Thesis (M. A. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Southern Africa encounters an exceptional international human mobility. Several studies view South Africa as a host country for a large number of immigrants, particularly migrant youth who come from other African countries. Upon their arrival in South Africa, studies show that migrant youth encounter a vast number of challenges such as being excluded from welfare services of South Africa. It is from this background that this study sought to explore survival strategies that migrant youth in Musina Town employ for their sustainability. This study presents qualitative findings on the survival strategies employed by migrant youth in Musina Town, Limpopo Province of South Africa. Ten migrant youth in Musina Town who are accommodated in shelters managed by churches were used as a case study and were purposively and conveniently selected to participate in the study. Data was collected through face to face semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically through the assistance of the Nvivo software. The resilience, neoclassical and network theories were used to guide the study. However, the resilience theory served as the over-arching theory of the study as it is more relevant and appropriate in explaining how migrant youth bounced back to normality after the hardships they experienced in South Africa. Findings reveal that bad economic conditions from countries of origin pushed young people to South Africa for better livelihoods. However, due to lack of funds, some crossed borders fraudulently for their survival. Upon their arrival in South Africa, findings further revealed that some migrant youth engage in criminal acts to make a living. It was also found that some migrant youth are involved in sex work to make a living. Social networking with their counterparts, street vending, cheap and exploitative labour were also found to be strategies employed by migrant youth for their sustainable livelihoods. It is thus concluded that migrant youth in South Africa are exposed to bad conditions upon their arrival in the country for their sustainable livelihoods. Findings also reveal various coping strategies that migrant youth employ to mitigate their exclusion from South African welfare services. Recommendations which include integrated intervention and future research are provided in this study

M.Comm. / The main purpose of this study is an evaluation and empirical analysis of the economical, social and political role of women in a South African context. The subject is a widely discussed topic both internationally and in South Africa. The increasing importance of women in the social, political and economic arena is being realized and taken as a given part of development in any country. Within the social structure of an economy, the importance of the education system cannot be over emphasized. Opportunities for women in this aspect has increased rapidly over the past two decades, but a significant gap still exists between men and women. The connection between poverty and education is discussed, and it is found that there is a definite correlation. The higher the level of education, the lower the level of poverty. The supply of adequate health services are also a problem in most countries, including South Africa. Important aspects such as abortions and violence against women are also under discussion. The political arena is most probably the area where women is the least represented. Opportunities are scarce and the political scene is still one of male dominance. However, South Africa is definitely seen as one of the leaders in developing counties in opening doors for women in obtaining seats in regional 'councils and parliament. Concerning women's economic role, women earn far less than men for similar type of work done, and men are usually placed in more challenging positions. The distribution of income worldwide as well as in South Africa is still not evenly spread

Background: In high-income countries, parenting programmes have been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of child maltreatment. However, there is limited evidence of their effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries. This thesis focuses on the development and pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a parenting programme to reduce the risk of child maltreatment in low-income families with young children in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: This thesis is comprised of three studies submitted as papers for publication. The first study focused on the development of an evidence-informed, locally relevant parenting programme for families with children aged three to eight years in Cape Town, South Africa. Intervention development took place over three stages: (a) identification of core intervention components common in evidence-based parenting programmes; (b) formative evaluation using qualitative in-depth interviews and semi-structured focus groups with South African practitioners and low-income parents; and (c) integration of evidence-based approaches and local contextual issues to develop the intervention structure, protocols, and manual. The second study used a pilot RCT (N = 68 parent-child dyads) to examine the evaluation feasibility and initial effects of the parenting programme developed during the first study in Cape Town - the Sinovuyo Caring Families Programme. Parents of children aged three to eight years with clinical levels of parent-reported child behaviour problems were randomly allocated to either a 12-session, group-based parenting programme or a wait-list control group. Primary outcomes included parent-report and observational assessments of positive parenting, harsh parenting, and child behaviour problems; secondary outcomes included parent-report of parent depression, parenting stress, and social support. Assessments occurred at baseline and immediate post-test (i.e., 3-months after baseline). The third study was a mixed-methods process evaluation assessing the feasibility of the parenting programme based on three theoretical dimensions: participation, implementation, and acceptability. Quantitative data included attendance registers, fidelity checklists, satisfaction surveys, and parent-report of engagement in home practice activities. Qualitative data included post-programme focus groups with community facilitators (n = 8), individual interviews with a randomly selected group of parents (n = 15), transcripts from parenting sessions, and minutes from supervision sessions with facilitators. Results: In the first study, the formative evaluation suggested that many evidence-based parenting programme components and approaches were compatible with the local cultural context. These included managing child behaviour problems, learning effective discipline strategies, building positive parent-child relationships, and reducing parenting stress. Findings also suggested that programmes may benefit from including additional content on keeping children safe in violent communities, communicating about HIV/AIDS and poverty, involving fathers and alternative caregivers, and incorporating cultural values of social responsibility and respect. The pilot RCT in the second study showed high levels of study recruitment and retention, outcome measurement reliability and response rates, and a minimal effect of clustering due to delivering the intervention in groups of parents. Analyses showed moderate intervention effects for parent-report of increased positive parenting and observations of improved child-led play. However, observational assessments also found reduced frequency of positive child behaviour in the treatment group in comparison to controls. In the third study, quantitative results showed high levels of programme acceptability, implementation, and participation. Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified seven themes related to feasibility: (a) receptivity to strengthening existing parenting practices, (b) initial resistance to new parenting skills, (c) contextualising content within a cultural framework, (d) reinforcing implementation fidelity and improving quality of delivery, (e) challenges delivering content on nonviolent discipline, (f) supporting participant involvement, and (g) engagement in a collaborative learning approach. Conclusion: This thesis is the first in sub-Saharan Africa to use a systematic approach to develop and rigorously pilot a parenting programme to reduce the risk of maltreatment against young children in low-resource settings. Initial results indicate that a parenting programme derived from evidence-based approaches is feasible, culturally acceptable, and has the potential to reduce the risk of child maltreatment by improving positive parenting behaviour. Further intervention development and testing is necessary to strengthen core programme components and determine programme effectiveness.

No description available.

Thesis (Mtech (Public Management))-- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011 / This study examines the influence of crime on the residents of Gugulethu, a previously disadvantaged urban community in the Cape Metropole. The research is particularly focused on the growing crime rate, which is perceived to adversely affect community development.Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed in this study and two techniques of data collection were adhered to namely, self-administered questionnaires and person-to-person interviews. The target population of the survey were the residents of Gugulethu.The study found that the Gugulethu area suffers from problems associated with high levels of crime, high unemployment and lack of physical infrastructure. Violent crimes such as robbery, rape and assault are commonplace, occurring during daytime as well as at night. The range of criminal activity is comprehensive though. The study found that crime impacted negatively on citizens’ social and economic well-being in that economic opportunities were limited and economic investment curtailed. The situation is similar to that experienced with other deprived areas in the Cape Metropole, including parts of Mitchells Plain as well as Khayelitsha. Gugulethu is a smaller, more established urban area than Khayelitsha.The study forwards several recommendations relating to interventions which should be taken to ensure a secure environment for local residents, potential developers and investors, thus facilitating continued and much needed development in the area. Among the recommendations put forward are the upgrading of local infrastructure, the establishment of a healthy relationship between the community and the police,including the development of such initiatives as effectual Community Policing Forums (CPFs) and community development safety centres.

The basic premises of this study is that the poor people should not be manipulated by the rich and powerful for their selfish end. Though they are poor, they are God’s people and God loves them as well. Growing up in the poor rural areas of Herschel, the researcher was the victim of apartheid laws at an early age. He experienced the pangs of hunger and on many occasions was tempted to steal. As a small boy he had many unanswered questions, when he saw white boys of his age being well fed, clad, and staying in beautiful homes. Later as a minister, working with Rev. S.R. Kumalo, in Ivory Park informal settlement, the researcher was touched by the plight of the poor living in shacks. In 2001 he was stationed in the neighbouring Olievenhoutbosch informal settlement. Here he was confronted with circumstances that perpetuated poverty among the poor, such as lack of job opportunities, no formal school buildings, sports facilities that keep the youth away from crime, no sites for churches, shops, clinics and police station. The people felt neglected and betrayed by the very government they voted for in 1994 and 1998. The government has failed to fulfill the promises made then. The poor even question the existence of God, as poverty in this area is absolute. If God does exist, as far as they are concerned, he has either forgotten them, or turned his back on them. Caring for the poor was a major challenge to the researcher. He had to study and acquire skills of empowering and liberating the poor from their morass. The researcher used Gerkin’s biblical traditional method of shepherding God’s people, as used in Old Testament times. He also applied Masango’s liberation theology as a way out to freedom from bondage of oppression. The researcher also identified five forms of poverty that affects the poor people of Olievenhoutbosch, but emphasis is zeroed on economic poverty, as it affects all their spheres of life. The daily struggle of the poor here is how to keep the body and soul together. The economic poverty has resulted in other evil repercussions, such as prostitution or sex work, which in turn leads to wide spread of pandemic HIV/AIDS, crime such as house breakings, car hijackings and general robbery, are on the increase. The poor are neglected by the politicians and the rich. Every time during political campaigns the politicians remember that there are people to be addressed in Olievenhoutbosch, they visit them. After elections the politicians disappear to come back again when there is the next political campaign. The researcher views this as the manipulation of the poor by the powerful for their own selfish ends. The researcher has included the stories of the poor to back up their suffering after being used as pawns by the politicians. As means of healing the poor people of Olievenhoutbosch informal settlement, the researcher has recommended some pastoral care guidelines. The poor must be encouraged to re-evaluate and come out of their state of inertia and start to live a new life. They must be empowered to use their voting power to change their circumstances and lives. They must end their exploitation through their sheer numbers. The lesson of liberation will also focus on the powerful as they are the victims of greed and power hungry. Nobody can really be happy and live comfortably when the neighbor is starving and unhappy. The boycotts and marches taking place recently in the townships are a sign that the masses can no longer tolerate their sufferings, and unfulfilled promises. In concluding this study the researcher has suggested the way forward for pastoral care-givers. He has further suggested some researches that need to be done. At the end of this study the researcher also became aware of his own weaknesses, which are his personal ongoing struggles and challenges that must be subdued in the new democratic South Africa. / Dissertation (MA(Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Practical Theology / unrestricted