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Telkom was established in 1991 when the then Department of Post and Telecommunications was transformed into two companies: Telkom SA and the SA Post Office. Telkom inherited 67,667 employees. When the affirmative action policy was implemented on October 1, 1993, 46% of employees were did you mean that the 46% were white - check this again (African 30%, Coloured 13% and Indians 3%). (this gives you a total of 92% The majority of African personnel were employed in unskilled or semi-skilled work functions, with less than 0.25% of first level management positions whilst none were employed within the ranks of top management. Women comprised 19% of the total staff complement. In 1997 the Government sold 30% of Telkom's equity to Thintana, a consortium made up of SBC Communications and Telkom Malaysia. An important element of the agreement was a skills transfer and employee development programme. By this time management had realised the need for large-scale organisational changes to create a competitive, customer-focused and performance-driven employee culture. This went hand in hand with the streamlining of service benefits and conditions to achieve greater efficiency and reduce employee expenses. It has driven the people management focus over the last few years and, going forward, will continue to be a focus point. Due to ongoing organisational renewal over the past few years, voluntary early retirement packages offered to employees aged 50 years and older forced change in management structures at Telkom, the organisation's length of service profile is declining. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

Telkom was established in 1991 when the then Department of Post and Telecommunications was transformed into two companies: Telkom SA and the SA Post Office. Telkom inherited 67,667 employees. When the affirmative action policy was implemented on October 1, 1993, 46% of employees were did you mean that the 46% were white - check this again (African 30%, Coloured 13% and Indians 3%). (this gives you a total of 92% The majority of African personnel were employed in unskilled or semi-skilled work functions, with less than 0.25% of first level management positions whilst none were employed within the ranks of top management. Women comprised 19% of the total staff complement. In 1997 the Government sold 30% of Telkom's equity to Thintana, a consortium made up of SBC Communications and Telkom Malaysia. An important element of the agreement was a skills transfer and employee development programme. By this time management had realised the need for large-scale organisational changes to create a competitive, customer-focused and performance-driven employee culture. This went hand in hand with the streamlining of service benefits and conditions to achieve greater efficiency and reduce employee expenses. It has driven the people management focus over the last few years and, going forward, will continue to be a focus point. Due to ongoing organisational renewal over the past few years, voluntary early retirement packages offered to employees aged 50 years and older forced change in management structures at Telkom, the organisation's length of service profile is declining. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

Abstract There has been a steady increment in economic growth in Uganda and as the economy is on the rise, the demand for energy also increases. Hydro power energy production has been growing in Uganda as a result of the different types of dams created in Uganda along the River Nile. Uganda has been trying to reach the target of electricity capacity so as to ensure that her people get the energy required to improve on their livelihoods. Uganda as a whole has different energy sources but in this thesis, Bujagali dam will be at the center of the focus. Looking at the social and environmental impacts made upon its construction in Jinja. The main objective of this thesis was therefore to show how the livelihoods of the people dwelling in the neighborhood and the environment were affected by the construction of the dam. The livelihoods of the people before the construction of the dam were reviewed in regard to their social life as well as the environment from past literature provided. The different aspects in which the people and environment were affected after the construction of the dam were also reviewed through different interviews with the residents of Bujagali.   There were both positive and negative effects, socially, environmentally and economically due to the construction of the Bujagali. The positive social effects were: provision of land for farming, provision of employment opportunities for the residents, increase in tourism at the dam, the falls and the cultural centers, community development including education, health facilities, skill training, water supply and power supply while the negative effects were loss of land, cultural loss, and less access to different points of the river for fishing purposes for the residents. The positive environmental effects were increase in fish species, more health and safety awareness, and thermal plants closure hence less green house gases effects on the ozone layer, the noise levels effects due to the dam construction, were of no consequence as they were in the required standard.  The negative environmental effects were majorly water levels fluctuation that affects the head of water which in turn affects the capacity of power produced at the dam and air quality of the area during and after the construction of the dam especially air emissions. The positive economic effects were: increment of power to the national grid, lower electricity costs, closure of thermal plants as they were expensive to run and maintain and reduction of load shedding. The negative effect was the financial loan that the government of Uganda obtained to construct the dam that has to be paid back.

The murder of women in order to uphold ‘honour’ has occurred throughout history and in many contexts. Despite high rates of domestic violence and increased rates of honour killing over the last decade in Palestine, there is a paucity of empirical data about the phenomenon, the social and cultural forces underlying it and how it affects family members emotionally and socially. The standpoint of this thesis is that Palestinian society today has no solution to honour killing (HK). This study addresses two questions: the factors that contribute to HK, as reported by the participants; and the emotional and social effects and consequences of it. The study adopted a Grounded Theory method. Data were collected using individual and group interviews with family members, professionals and neighbours associated with victims of HK. The total numbers of the participants were 43 (23 family members, 15 professionals and 5 neighbours). A feminist paradigm guided the data collection and analysis. The findings of this study have revealed that the HK phenomenon is multifaceted, grounded in the interplay of several complex factors, including institutionalized patriarchy within society, families and Palestinian culture; honour and shame values in the traditional society and other societal influences (cultural norms and values, legislative and institutional systems). This study therefore concluded that HKs were patriarchal and traditional methods of disempowering and subjugating women, enabled (directly or indirectly) by families, communities, political parties, religious leaders, professionals and the state, rendering society at large as unlikely to condemn honour killing. The main result was that although family members killed their female relatives primarily in an attempt to re-establish their honour, the murder failed in this purpose and in fact made their situation worse. Understanding this significant finding gives a clear message to family members and to the public that honour killing harms perpetrators emotionally and further damages family honour, where enter into a long process which ultimately leads to social death. Thus, multiple efforts are needed to combat HK, but this is extremely difficult. Altering the attitudes and behaviour of those who believe in HK is not an easy task but one of the first and crucial steps in combating this issue is state action. This study shows that most participants, especially family members, were concerned about family reputation and endeavoured to resolve problems within the family. This makes solving the problems inside families more difficult for any external party. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to work with families. Further research has the potential to increase our understanding of other social factors and processes involved in honour killing, which would enable concerned parties to better craft effective intervention strategies.

This research is aimed at studying and describing the psychosocial effects of infertility on couples. Infertility is a reasonably new field of specialization in Medical Social Work, with a limited amount of research findings and literature available. A definite need for research therefore exists in this field. The stages and procedures of research used in this study are firstly described, as well as the problems experienced with the study and definitions of terms used. Subsequently, infertility is described in detail to provide the necessary knowledge of and insight into the problem and also to understand what infertile couples have to endure during the whole treatment period. This includes the initial interview, the medical investigations, the causes of infertility, the treatment procedures av.ailable and the psycho-social effects of infertility. The roles, tasks, skills and knowledge of the medical social worker in a multi-professional health setting are described next, followed by a guideline for medical social workers as regards the infertile couple at an Infertility Clinic. This guideline describes the roles and tasks of the medical social worker regarding each step of the entire infertility treatment plan. Hereafter the research findings and graphical representations of this exploratory and descriptive study of the psycho-social effects of infertility on couples, are presented and discussed. The hypothesis for this study: "Infertility has various psychosocial effects on a couple" is accordingly supported. Finally the general summary, conclusions and recommendations arising from this study are provided. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1989. / gm2014 / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

Past research has suggested that up-regulating displays of happiness leads to positive social outcomes. In my dissertation research, I suggest that whether the up-regulation of displays of happiness leads to positive outcomes depends on observers’ culture. I developed and tested a model of how one aspect of observers’ culture, analytic-holistic thinking, influences the relation between expressers’ displays of happiness and observers’ prosocial behavior. In two studies, I examined how observers’ analytical-holistic thinking moderates the effect of expressers’ inauthentic displays of happiness (regulated through surface acting) and expressers’ authentic displays of happiness (regulated through deep acting) on observers’ prosocial behavior and trust inferences. In a laboratory experiment (Study 1), observers’ analytical-holistic thinking moderated the effect of project leaders’ inauthentic displays of happiness (vs. neutral emotional displays) on observers’ trust in the expresser, but not on observers’ prosocial behavior (time taken to edit a cover letter). In a field fundraising experiment (Study 2), observers’ analytical-holistic thinking moderated the effect of fundraisers’ inauthentic displays of happiness (vs. authentic displays of happiness) on observers’ trust in fundraisers, intentions to volunteer for the charity organization, and monetary donations to the charity organization. Further, observers’ trust in fundraisers mediated the moderating effect of observers’ analytical-holistic thinking on the relation between fundraisers’ inauthentic displays of happiness and observers’ intention to volunteer. Contributions to the literature on the social effects of emotions and to the literature on fundraising and helping as well as practical implications are discussed.

This research investigated the system by which the social effects of oil sands development on Fort McMurray, a city in northeastern Alberta, are assessed and managed. The research focused on Social Impact Assessment (SIA), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), and the work of an industry initiative, the Regional Issues Working Group (RIWG). The oil sands industry, which involves large, labour-intensive mining and drilling operations in a boom-bust cycle, places considerable pressure on Fort McMurray, a city of approximately 50,000 inhabitants and the only urban area within 350 km of the oil sands. The social effects experienced there include exorbitant housing prices, shortages in service industry labour, insufficient social services, at times, to assist individuals and families who can no longer cope with the difficult conditions in the area, and a variety of other negative effects. Sixteen key informant interviews were conducted with urban planners, municipal politicians, provincial employees, a spokesperson for one of the First Nations in the area, community NGOs, and oil sands industry representatives. Data from the interviews were combined with a literature review and a document analysis. A modified McKinsey 7S Integrated Management Framework was used as a structure for describing and analyzing the Social Effects Assessment and Management System (SEAMS) in Fort McMurray. The SEAMS was found to be weak in comparison to the needs of the community. Project-by-project assessment of oil sands development was found to downplay the cumulative nature of social effects. Furthermore, no legislation or regulation existed that demanded action based on the findings of SIA. As a result, mitigation and management of social effects was insufficient, often occurring only when it was directly in the interests of the oil sands industry. While government and industry have plans in place to resolve some of the negative social effects, their actions were criticized by informants as being uncoordinated, inconsistent and often ineffective. The findings indicate that a strategy for exploiting Alberta's oil sands is necessary. The project-by-project evaluation of oil sands development proposals is not addressing the important long-term and regional social issues that arise as a result of construction and operation of the mines and facilities. A tool recommended for incorporating resolutions to long-term, regional social effects into the development plan is SEA with an explicit Strategic Social Assessment component. This strategic assessment and planning process should be undertaken by a publicly-accountable government body empowered to rationalize the pace of oil sands development based on social, environmental and economic effects, and to coordinate long-term responses by government and industry.

This research investigated the system by which the social effects of oil sands development on Fort McMurray, a city in northeastern Alberta, are assessed and managed. The research focused on Social Impact Assessment (SIA), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), and the work of an industry initiative, the Regional Issues Working Group (RIWG). The oil sands industry, which involves large, labour-intensive mining and drilling operations in a boom-bust cycle, places considerable pressure on Fort McMurray, a city of approximately 50,000 inhabitants and the only urban area within 350 km of the oil sands. The social effects experienced there include exorbitant housing prices, shortages in service industry labour, insufficient social services, at times, to assist individuals and families who can no longer cope with the difficult conditions in the area, and a variety of other negative effects. Sixteen key informant interviews were conducted with urban planners, municipal politicians, provincial employees, a spokesperson for one of the First Nations in the area, community NGOs, and oil sands industry representatives. Data from the interviews were combined with a literature review and a document analysis. A modified McKinsey 7S Integrated Management Framework was used as a structure for describing and analyzing the Social Effects Assessment and Management System (SEAMS) in Fort McMurray. The SEAMS was found to be weak in comparison to the needs of the community. Project-by-project assessment of oil sands development was found to downplay the cumulative nature of social effects. Furthermore, no legislation or regulation existed that demanded action based on the findings of SIA. As a result, mitigation and management of social effects was insufficient, often occurring only when it was directly in the interests of the oil sands industry. While government and industry have plans in place to resolve some of the negative social effects, their actions were criticized by informants as being uncoordinated, inconsistent and often ineffective. The findings indicate that a strategy for exploiting Alberta's oil sands is necessary. The project-by-project evaluation of oil sands development proposals is not addressing the important long-term and regional social issues that arise as a result of construction and operation of the mines and facilities. A tool recommended for incorporating resolutions to long-term, regional social effects into the development plan is SEA with an explicit Strategic Social Assessment component. This strategic assessment and planning process should be undertaken by a publicly-accountable government body empowered to rationalize the pace of oil sands development based on social, environmental and economic effects, and to coordinate long-term responses by government and industry.

The geographical distance between home and workplace is present and increases within modern society. Along with changing economic structures and technological developments it has increased the spatial division of labour and changed the pressure on global, regional and local markets. Regional development strategies today emphasize on more mobile, flexible and larger geographical labour markets to improve matchmaking between jobs and labour force to reach and obtain development. Commuting has therefore increased and is often promoted as a positive solution for involved individuals and the regional society at large. Although, the notion and benefits of such regional development strategies have been questioned as commuting involves a consideration between economic and social circumstances and effects on all involved household members. The social and economic effects on commuting households in Umeå enlarged local labour market region have therefore been studied in and investigated in this thesis. Empirical data has been collected through qualitative interviews with four commuting households with different home-work locations and commuting situations. Results of this study goes in line with previous studies and pictures how commuting is a strategy to obtain or maintain desired living conditions within desired location when the local labour opportunities are limited. Commuting households therefore gain “quality of life” and labour opportunities. But, the economic benefits are reduced by transport costs and reduction of labour hours, and the social consequences of reduced time in the home environment effects relations between family members and the division of household responsibilities’. This study have also broaden the understanding of commuting effects and showed that shorter commuting distance also hold social and economic implications for commuting households.