The majority of scholars’ work on code-switching within the sociolinguistic approach of Arabic has been mainly concentrated on the interaction of the Standard variety with other regional dialects in indigenous communities (Albirini, 2011; Bassiouney, 2006; Saeed, 1997; Soliman, 2008). Their work also extends to include the interaction of Arabic with other languages in informal and highly interactional settings (Abalhassan and Alshalawi, 2000; Safi, 1992; Sayahi, 2014). When it comes to the religious settings, their work has been solely devoted to Standard Arabic and Dialectal Arabic in Arabic countries and among Arabic native speakers (Albirini, 2011; Bassiouney, 2006; Saeed, 1997; Soliman, 2008). This thesis, in turn, investigates CS between Arabic and English in highly formal religious settings in the United States and among American Islamic preachers, non-native speakers of Arabic. It aims to enumerate the social functions of CS between English and Arabic and provides the internal optimal bilingual grammar of these speakers. To achieve these goals, two analyses have been conducted, the functional analysis and the optimality-theoretic analysis. The results of the first analysis revealed that preachers chiefly switch from English to Arabic for eight functions: (1) to use formulaic expressions; (2) to introduce direct quotations; (3) to show a level of education in the Islamic studies; (4) to show a level of education in the Arabic language; (5) to evoke Muslimness and Islamic affiliation; (6) to mark emphasis; (7) to stress the importance of a speech segment; and (8) to introduce rhyming stretches. On the other hand, they switch from Arabic to English mainly to fulfill two functions: (1) to translate the previous Arabic stretch; and (2) to simplify, explain, and clarify a segment that was previously mentioned in Arabic. The result of the optimality-theoretic analysis showed that the internal optimal bilingual grammar of American preachers is {FAITH, FACE} >> PERSPECTIVE >> {SOLIDARITY, POWER}.

In this work author analyses social functions of law and their realization in Lithuania. Social destination of law and separate ranges of social functions of law are analyzed separately. Author highlighted the key problems of person`s socialization in Lithuania. In his opinion they are closely connected to implementation of social functions of Law. Analyzing the work of Lithuanian “Seimas” it is amplified that there must be a tight link between society and legistrator which is in the form of open dialogue with domination of reciprocal trust and understanding. Studying the problems of implementation of social functions of Law in system of courts, first of all is amplified that courts as institutions responsible for legality’s consolidation in the country, implementation of social functions of law is more restricted than law – creative parties. After realizing the fact of human rights breach in society and some kind of deflections from stable life settled in society, the court (judge) cannot remove risen problems by himself. An initiative of society’s citizens for endeavouring the justice is needful. Overlooking the problems of implementation of social functions of Law in LR “Seimas” controllers activity, author states that controllers without the help of law – creative party can not eliminate deflection that was discovered in the rule. Discovering a deflection as a statement of fact is not enough for aiming to affect positively the processes of socialization that run in... [to full text]

The aim of the master paper `Interaction of pedagogical and social functions of the instructor of an art amateur association is to reveal the pedagogical and social factions of the instructor of an art amateurs association. The object of investigation in qualitative evaluation of the interrelation between an art amateur association and it’s instructor. The author of the paper analyses qualitative evaluation of the interrelation between the participants of an art amateur association and their instructor reveals the interaction of pedagogical and social functions of the instructor of an art amateur association. She also analyses the motivation of the existence of an art amateurs association – the activities of an art amateur association – means of education and artistic development. Besides, the author investigates the functions (training, teaching, education) of the instructor of an association, educating the participants. Social functions – developing skills of full value modern social communication – are also analyzed. Investigating pedagogical and social functions of the instructor of an art amateur association and their interrelation, the author interrogated 200 participants of art amateur associations and presented the results in tables and diagrams. The conclusion is that the aim of the pedagogical (training, teaching, education) and social (training) functions of the instructor of an art amateur association is one – to help a persona s a personality to realize his... [to full text]

The objective of this case study is to explore the social functions performed by a Charismatic church in central Pretoria for its congregants and for its surrounding community. The growth of the Charismatic movement and the ‘wealth ministry’ in recent years and the subsequent notoriety of the ‘prosperity gospel,’ (especially popular within the Charismatic church movement) which encourages people to give tithes and offerings as a pre-requisite for material blessings are the fundamental motivators of the study. The study seeks to understand how the church, through its creed and sermons affects and shapes the social behaviour of its members, and its impact on socially relevant issues facing the surrounding community. The respondents are members of the church’s congregation of varying ages, nationalities and class. They were identified by making use of the snowball selection method. The key finding is that although the ‘wealth ministry’ and ‘prosperity gospel’ are generally associated with Charismatic churches, material gain is not the main emphasis of every Charismatic church’s ministry, and in fact, this Charismatic church offers its members and the community more non-material and intangible spiritual benefits. / Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Sociology / unrestricted

China has developed a technological Social Credit System that monitors, collects, and analyses behavioural data from citizens and enterprises. The system categorises them trustworthy or untrustworthy according to their behaviour. This paper aims to investigate the technological elements of China’s Social Credit System and analyse its social functions. In doing so, I will address the human rights implications following from the system. The thesis uses a content analysis method and draws on three theoretical studies, including, dataveillance, social sorting and neoliberalism and subjectivity. The study shows that China intends to continue investing in immoral technological elements; might succeed to govern citizens in self-governing; and prioritises the system in front of scarce human rights regulations. The conclusion holds that China intends to continue developing and strengthening the Social Credit System to enhance the behaviour of their society, regardless of some human rights implications, to reach their desired outcome.

在媒介暴漲的現代社會中，資訊的掌握成為新興權力的象徵。台灣社會的八卦文化，由口語之消息傳播，轉變為媒體大幅腥羶色之報導。其深入公領域生活，挑起個人隱私與公眾求知慾之間的拉鋸戰，學界對於八卦文化之盛行，莫不表現高度之重視，然其觀察取向多由媒體、新聞之角度作一道德價值的反省，鮮少針對八卦之實際行為與互動加以研究。本研究以社會網絡分析方法，針對小團體之成員予以測量觀察，瞭解個人於日常之人際網絡中，加何獲得八卦消息，以期對於八卦之現象做一探索。 本研究以友誼網絡為參照之對象，分析團體內成員由八卦關係組成的網絡，其結構特性、權力角色、成員八卦關係的聚合狀態、八卦互動之模式、八卦者所持有的態度。研究發現，八卦深植於日常生活，由友誼關係發展而來；於日常生活之中掌握八卦資訊的個人，在八卦訊息的溝通中，亦扮演重要的角色，該結果證實學者對於八卦與權力高度相關之看法。其次，團體內個人的八卦關係，遠比友誼關係來得親近，其互動模式呈現放射狀，成員基於交換訊息所組成的八卦次團體，具有單一的核心，這些特性顯示出八卦傳遞的時效價值，以及團體內八卦活絡之現象。最後，本論文檢證學者所提出之八卦理論，並提出八卦之社會功能，予以修正與重新詮釋。 關鍵字：八卦、社會網絡分析、社會功能 / In the modern society, the acquisition of information has become the new way to gain dominant position. In Taiwan, the gossip culture has been transformed from interpersonal communication topic to popular news on mass media. Gossip not only challenges the boundary between public and private realm but also provokes the debate between personal privacy and the right of information access. In the discipline of mass communication, the issue of gossip is examined from the ethical perspective. However, this study takes a sociological approach that adopts the social network analysis. A pre-selected concrete small group is used as a research sample to explore how gossip circulates in our daily interactions. This thesis presents the results from the comparisons between the gossip network to the friendship network. They are demonstrated in the order of network structure, roles, proximity, interaction patterns, and the attitudes of the gossipy people. This study suggests that gossip is deeply rooted in the friendship relations. It further shows that the prominent actors in our daily life occupy an important position in the transmission of gossip, which corresponds to the hypothesis of social control theory. Additionally, the social distance within the gossip network is much more closer than that within the friendship network. Moreover, the gossip network is composed of a single-core structure with a star-shaped interaction pattern. This unique structure is formed by the frequent exchange of information and instant diffusion of gossip. Finally, various theories of the social functions of gossip are reexamined, and new understandings of these theories are provided in the end of this thesis. Keywords: gossip, social network analysis, social functions.

SALUSTIANO, Dorivaldo Alves. Jornal escolar como atividade de ensino-aprendizagem das funções sociais da língua escrita. 2000. 137f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2000. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-05T14:42:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2000_dis_dasalustiano.pdf: 2337310 bytes, checksum: 229fcf677dfba9eaebf0954072039acb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-05T17:22:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2000_dis_dasalustiano.pdf: 2337310 bytes, checksum: 229fcf677dfba9eaebf0954072039acb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-05T17:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2000_dis_dasalustiano.pdf: 2337310 bytes, checksum: 229fcf677dfba9eaebf0954072039acb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / This research was motivated by the need to understand the problem of artificiality suffered by written language when taken as the object of teaching and learning in the school context. It investigated how the production of a school newspaper can contribute to an adequate schooling of the social uses and functions of the written language, and subsequently minimize the problem in the context of elementary school. The central objectives of the research consisted in analyzing how the production of school newspapers can configure a language activity, as defined by the Activity Theory by Leontiev, and identifying which social uses and functions attributed to the written language have emerged in the context of this activity. The theoretical and methodological references that supported the research consisted of studies on social uses and functions of the written language, the school newspaper, and the Activity Theory. The data collected through the use of techniques such as direct observation, document analysis, semistructured interviews and explicitness showed that the production of the school newspaper involved reading and/or production of informative and opinionated articles, editorial articles, interviews, messages, advertisements, etc. In the context of the activity being analyzed, reading and/or production of such genres functioned to convince/raise awareness, communicate impressions and views, report facts and events, provide accountability, promote interpersonal communication, sell products and services, provide support to memory, guide the compliance of standards and regulations, guide/ systematize the completion of an action, formalize permanent records, prove facts and events, among others. The results demonstrated the importance of the production of school newspapers as a methodological alternative for the teaching of the social uses and functions of the written language in a meaningful and contextualized way, helping to minimize the artificiality of the practical teaching of the written language in the school context. Because the research focused on the production of newspapers whose stories were produced as an extra-class activity, it is suggested to widen and deepen the study through an intervention research in which the newspaper is produced as a pedagogical activity developed together by teachers and students as part of the curricular activities. / Esta pesquisa foi motivada pela necessidade de compreender o problema da artificialização sofrida pela língua escrita quando é tomada como objeto de ensinoaprendizagem no contexto escolar. Investigou como a produção de um jornal escolar pode contribuir para uma adequada escolarização dos usos e funções sociais da língua escrita e, consequentemente, minimizar esse problema no âmbito do ensino fundamental. Os objetivos centrais da pesquisa consistiram em analisar como a produção de jornais escolares configura uma atividade de linguagem, conforme descrita pela Teoria da Atividade, de Leontiev, e em identificar quais usos e funções sociais atribuídas à língua escrita emergiram no contexto dessa atividade. Os referenciais teórico-metodológicos que deram suporte à investigação consistiram em estudos sobre usos e funções sociais da língua escrita, o jornal escolar e Teoria da Atividade. Os dados coligidos mediante o emprego de técnicas como observação direta, análise documental, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e de explicitação evidenciaram que a produção do jornal escolar implicou a leitura e/ou produção de artigos informativos e opinativos, editoriais, entrevistas, mensagens, anúncios, etc. No contexto da atividade investigada, a leitura e/ou produção de tais gêneros exerciam as funções de convencer/conscientizar; comunicar impressões e pontos de vista; noticiar fatos e eventos; prestar contas; promover comunicação interpessoal; vender produtos e serviços; fornecer suporte à memória; orientar a observância de normas e regulamentos; orientar/sistematizar a realização de uma ação; formalizar registros permanentes; comprovar fatos e acontecimentos, dentre outras. Os resultados demonstram a importância da produção de jornais escolares como alternativa metodológica para o ensino dos usos e funções sociais da língua escrita de forma significativa e contextualizada, contribuindo para minimizar a artificialidade das práticas de ensino da língua escrita no contexto escolar. Como a investigação focalizou a produção de jornais cujas matérias eram produzidas como atividade extra-classe, sugere-se a ampliação e aprofundamento do estudo por meio de uma pesquisa-intervenção em que o jornal escolar seja produzido como atividade pedagógica desenvolvida conjuntamente por professores e alunos, como parte das atividades curriculares.

Keywords Christa Wolf, myth, mythology, myth revision, Cassandra, Medea, social functions of literature Abstract The subject of this thesis is the incorporation of ancient mythology in the story Cassandra and in the novel Medea: A Modern Retelling by Christa Wolf with the backdrop of the author's own understanding of the function of literature. The first part of the work contains a theoretical introduction to the topic of myths and mythology and presents the most important theories about myths and their incorporation in literature. The subsequent part of the work focuses on the understanding of a myth and its function as used by Christa Wolf. The core of this work is an analysis of the literary incorporation of mythological substance in the writings specified above and a comparison with the incorporation of such substance in the works of ancient authors Aeschylus and Euripides, with the aim of showing through what means and what intentions the author has updated and revised the myth. This part of the work also includes an analysis of the poetological concept of Christa Wolf and the related social functions of literature and the author's role.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sylvio Toshiro Mukai.pdf: 2159593 bytes, checksum: 1bf1256a39a9f95d4831dff494d75088 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / This thesis has the purpose of demonstrating that the management of the public assets is linked to the development of the city`s social function, as required by the Brazilian Federal Constitution and applicable law. The link which this thesis aims at demonstrating withdraws parcel of the discretionary power the Public Administration had to manage its assets directly or by means of granting the private use of the public assets on behalf of a private party. The reduction of the discretionary power results from the necessity of the Public Administration, especially the Municipality, of performing actions and activities aiming at achieving the goals of the urban development policies set forth in the Brazilian Federal Constitution and, in doing so, abiding by the general guidelines provided in the City Act (in Portuguese, Estatuto da Cidade ). Therefore, from an analysis of the current scenario of the Brazilian cities and their relationship with the right to sustainable cities, this thesis aims at defining the so-called social functions of the city . It also aims at establishing the relationship of the city`s social functions with the right to sustainable cities and the social rights, in order to define, by means of the exercise of the public functions which require broad popular participation the way the content and the shape of the intended development of the social functions of the city influence the uses of the public assets and limit the discretionary power of the Public Administration to manage the public assets, directly or by means of grants of the use of such assets by private parties. The goal is to contribute with the ones who require clear and effective fulfillment of the objectives and purposes of the public policy legally formed for the urban development of the Brazilian cities. The preparation of this thesis was based on a systematic interpretation of the applicable constitutional and legal provisions, and also an analysis of Scholar`s opinions and judicial precedents related to the core matter under analysis / A presente tese tem como objetivo demonstrar que a gestão de bens públicos encontra-se vinculada ao desenvolvimento das funções sociais da cidade, como exigido na Constituição Federal e nas leis de regência. A vinculação - que se pretende demonstrar - retira parcela da discricionariedade que o Poder Público detinha para gerir diretamente ou por meio de outorga de uso privativo de bem público em favor de particular. Isso decorreria da necessidade de a Administração Pública, em especial a municipal, empreender ações e atividades voltadas a concretização dos objetivos da política de desenvolvimento urbano traçados no Texto Constitucional e, para isso, devendo observar as diretrizes gerais insculpidas no Estatuto da Cidade. Assim, de uma análise do quadro atual das cidades brasileiras e sua relação com direito a cidades sustentáveis, busca-se conceituar as chamadas funções sociais da cidade , relacionando-as com o direito a cidades sustentáveis e os direitos sociais, para que se possa delimitar por meio do exercício de funções públicas que demandam ampla participação popular o conteúdo e a forma como o desenvolvimento pretendido das citadas funções sociais da cidade incidem sobre os usos de bens públicos e retiram parcela do poder discricionário do Poder Público para gerir os bens sob seu domínio, seja diretamente ou por meio de instrumentos de outorga de uso por particulares. Busca-se, assim, contribuir com aqueles que demandam claro e efetivo atendimento dos objetivos e finalidades da política pública juridicamente constituída para o desenvolvimento urbano das cidades brasileiras. Realizou-se o presente estudo utilizando-se de uma interpretação sistemática das disposições constitucionais e legais incidentes no tema e, também, de uma análise das posições doutrinárias e jurisprudências relacionadas com o ponto central estudado

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2342350 bytes, checksum: a9f73d1ac68516307c06566efa4e39b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to discuss the corporate social responsibility of oil producers in Brazil and to point which would be the adequate regulatory framework to ensure that those groups are fulfilling their constitutional social function, as this activity presents risks to Brazilian real development. The Social Oil Fund does not ensure the country is exempt from Dutch Disease and petropolitics. By linking the corporate activity to the social function, the Brazilian Constitution shows that the company not only has to be lucrative, but it also has social liabilities, respecting legal obligations and the community. This is the idea of corporate social responsibility, a management view based on instrumental motivations that brings benefits to the company, increasing its profit even indirectly. Based on a case study, only nine of the 40 oil producers in Brazil have social responsibility programs implanted in Brazil. The majority of those projects, however, consist of financial support to NGOs and are not related to social, economical and environmental consequences of the oil production. To ensure the social function, the State and stakeholders can sue the company for social damages, and class actions are suitable. Also, those groups can be contractually obliged to issue social impact reports and describe the actions taken by the company to diminish those violations. Last but not least, legal demands to ensure social function increase the minimum requirements for corporate social responsibility. This way, the regulation is soft, but with a hard core. The more social interests are exigible, the better are society s welfare and development. / Objetiva-se, através desta dissertação, analisar a responsabilidade social das empresas produtoras de petróleo no Brasil, buscando indicar qual perfil regulatório deve ser adotado pelo Estado para garantir que os grupos exploratórios cumpram sua função social nesta atividade, já que E&P do petróleo geram riscos ao desenvolvimento brasileiro. Aponta-se que o Fundo Social do Petróleo não blinda o país contra a Doença Holandesa e petropolitics. Ao vincular a atividade corporativa à promoção de sua função social, a Constituição Federal de 1988 mostra que a empresa não se destina exclusivamente ao lucro, devendo ser socialmente responsável, respeitando as obrigações legais e a comunidade em que se insere. Neste sentido, surge a responsabilidade social empresarial, corrente de gestão adotada pelas empresas devido a uma motivação instrumental, já que, empiricamente, gera benefícios para a companhia, aumentando o seu valor, mesmo indiretamente. No Brasil, verificou-se, através de estudo de caso de amostra estatisticamente relevante que, dos quarenta grupos produtores de petróleo, apenas nove apresentam programas de responsabilidade social. Tais programas, no entanto, consistem majoritariamente em apoio financeiro a ONGs, não mantendo relação com os danos sócio-econômico-ambientais decorrentes da atividade petroleira, não denotando o cumprimento total da função social. Para buscar sua efetividade, propõe-se a responsabilização social, pelo Estado e pela sociedade civil, das empresas que causem danos sociais, inclusive utilizando a Ação Civil Pública como instrumento processual. Ainda, por meio contratual, pode-se exigir desses grupos relatórios de impacto social e a evolução das ações tomadas pela entidade, através dos balanços sociais. Por fim, o incremento de exigências legais para que as empresas cumpram sua função social aumentam o mínimo exigido pelo Estado para responsabilidade social. A regulação social desse assunto é, portanto, soft, com centro hard. Quanto mais esse núcleo duro for reforçado com interesses sociais, mais facilmente o desenvolvimento será atingido, garantindo o bem estar social.