A dissertação propõe uma análise comparativa entre os discursos de formação nacional e a antropofagia. Os exemplos privilegiados de análise são respectivamente: a obra de An-tonio Candido A formação da literatura brasileira (1959) e a tese de Oswald de Andrade A crise da filosofia messiânica.(1950). A pesquisa enfatiza os anos posteriores a 1950, os quais correspondem ao período em que Oswald de Andrade retoma o conceito de antro-pofagia, cunhado primeiramente no Manifesto Antropófago (1928) como vanguarda mo-dernista. Este período coincide também com a consolidação da instituição universitária no país. Busca-se, portanto, entender a relação entre aqueles dois discursos dentro da uni-versidade, tendo como contexto a vida universitária em São Paulo nos anos 1950 até me-ados dos anos 1970. / This dissertation proposes a comparative analysis between national formation speeches and anthropophagy. The privileged examples of analysis are respectively: Antonio Can-dido\'s book \"A formação da literatura brasileira\" (1959) and Oswald de Andrade\'s thesis \"A crise da filosofia messiânica\" (1950). This research emphasizes the following years after the 1950\'s, corresponding to the period in which Oswald de Andrade revalues the concept of anthropophagy, first mentioned in \"Manifesto Antropófago\" (1928) as a mo-dernist vanguard. This period also coincides with the consolidation of universitary insti-tutions in the country. Therefore, there is a search to understand the relation between those two speeches within the university, inside the context of the universitary life in São Paulo from the 1950\'s to mid-1970\'s.

A dissertação propõe uma análise comparativa entre os discursos de formação nacional e a antropofagia. Os exemplos privilegiados de análise são respectivamente: a obra de An-tonio Candido A formação da literatura brasileira (1959) e a tese de Oswald de Andrade A crise da filosofia messiânica.(1950). A pesquisa enfatiza os anos posteriores a 1950, os quais correspondem ao período em que Oswald de Andrade retoma o conceito de antro-pofagia, cunhado primeiramente no Manifesto Antropófago (1928) como vanguarda mo-dernista. Este período coincide também com a consolidação da instituição universitária no país. Busca-se, portanto, entender a relação entre aqueles dois discursos dentro da uni-versidade, tendo como contexto a vida universitária em São Paulo nos anos 1950 até me-ados dos anos 1970. / This dissertation proposes a comparative analysis between national formation speeches and anthropophagy. The privileged examples of analysis are respectively: Antonio Can-dido\'s book \"A formação da literatura brasileira\" (1959) and Oswald de Andrade\'s thesis \"A crise da filosofia messiânica\" (1950). This research emphasizes the following years after the 1950\'s, corresponding to the period in which Oswald de Andrade revalues the concept of anthropophagy, first mentioned in \"Manifesto Antropófago\" (1928) as a mo-dernist vanguard. This period also coincides with the consolidation of universitary insti-tutions in the country. Therefore, there is a search to understand the relation between those two speeches within the university, inside the context of the universitary life in São Paulo from the 1950\'s to mid-1970\'s.

On propose une sociogenèse de la nébuleuse idéologique « animaliste », une histoire sociale de l’idée de représentation politique des bêtes au Royaume-Uni et en France depuis la seconde moitié du 18ème siècle jusqu’à la période contemporaine. Le point de départ de l’étude réside en un constat, à savoir l’existence de rapports et de représentations différenciés à l’animal de chaque côté de la Manche. Ces rapports et représentations s’objectivent dans le niveau de développement des mobilisations collectives pour la libération et le droit des animaux, puissant au Royaume-Uni, faible en France. Il s’agit ici de rendre compte des logiques sociales de production, diffusion, réception et réappropriation, d’une configuration nationale à l’autre, des acceptions successives de l’idée de porte-parolat des bêtes. L’examen des trajectoires, propriétés et positions des agents et des groupes qui se sont saisis de cette idéologie, articulé à l’analyse interne de leurs prises de position, met au jour les enjeux des luttes engagées autour de la prise de parole au nom de l’animal, la prescription des interactions appropriées entre les hommes et les bêtes permettant aux producteurs de l’idée d’affirmer, par analogies, une définition légitime du monde social . En s’attachant à suivre les processus pluriels à l’aune desquels est structurée la nébuleuse, on peut ainsi expliquer les modalités de naturalisation ou non de l’idée de porte-parolat des bêtes en France et au Royaume-Uni et rendre compte des mécanismes de l’universalisation des idéologies au sein des configurations nationales. / We propose a sociogenesis of the “animalist” ideology, a social history of the idea of political representation of animals in the United Kingdom and France since the second half of the 18th century to the contemporary period. The starting point of the study is a finding, namely the existence of differentiated reports and representations of animals on each side of the Channel. These reports and representations are objectified in the level of development of collective movements for liberation and animal rights, strong in the UK, low in France. This is to account for the social logic of production, distribution, reception and reappropriation, from a national setting to another, of the successive meanings of the idea of beasts spokesperson's. The examination of trajectories, properties and positions of agents and groups that have taken up this ideology, articulated to the internal analysis of their positions, uncovers the issues of struggles waged around the speaking on behalf of the animal, the prescription of appropriate interactions between man and beast allowing producers of the idea to assert, by analogy, a legitimate definition of the social world. Endeavoring to follow the plural processes by which the ideological nebula is structured, one can thus explain the naturalization procedures or not the idea of beasts spokesperson's in France and the UK and report mechanisms of universalisation of ideologies in national configurations.