Recent literature in various practical fields calls for a 'relational approach' to social justice, as a theoretical alternative that transcends limitations with liberal contractarianism to offer more penetrating analysis of social justice. I critically engage literature from radical intellectual-political traditions such as Marxism, feminism, and critical race theory to propose what can - and can't - form the basis of a cogent relational critique of liberalism and an alternative positive account. I hone this through dialogue with Rawlsian 'justice as fairness', as well as more recent developments such as relational egalitarianism. The most distinguishing feature of a relational approach is ontological: its social-theoretic account of injustice comprises supra-individual phenomena - relations, social groups, structure, historical causality - as opposed to individual locations hosting portions of a distribuend. Moreover, I define an intermediate position in the ideal vs non-ideal theory debate, arguing that a persuasive relational approach would 'start from injustice'; it would identify the primary desideratum incumbent on social justice theory as being that it enhances understanding of real injustice and thereby informs counteraction. One upshot is a closer relationship between political philosophy and social theory; in turn this reflects how a relational approach to social justice can enjoy symbiosis with the broader 'relational turn' in humanities and social sciences. The argument is furthered through exemplificatory reference to the empirical context of Brazil's post-redemocratisation experimentation with participatory democracy in the social assistance sector, as an aspect of the country's putative 'new social contract'.

Orientador: Josué Pereira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:14:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cardoso_FabioLuizLopes_M.pdf: 3063673 bytes, checksum: bed0af7abaf73d5d15f405a45263ac1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta dissertação trata sobre a trajetória dos programas de transferência direta de renda no Brasil, suas diferenças e especificidades. Buscou-se analisar não apenas suas alterações estruturais, mas também políticas e teóricas. Para iniciar, estabelecemos foco no senador Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy quanto à elaboração das suas propostas, o que permite perpassar toda a trajetória nacional nessa temática em particular. O senador Eduardo Suplicy é uma figura importante no desenvolvimento da política social no país. São de sua autoria, entre outros projetos, o Programa de Renda Mínima e a Lei da Renda Básica de Cidadania, o primeiro foi apresentado em 1991 e a segunda sancionada em 2004. Ambos versam sobre a mesma área de atuação, sendo a Renda Mínima base para a promoção de políticas públicas nos anos 90 e a Renda Básica que, aprovada de forma pioneira, colocou o Brasil na vanguarda dessas políticas em âmbito mundial. A implantação e impacto desta última ainda é uma incógnita, mas o desenvolvimento da primeira culminou nos principais programas hoje em vigência. Deste modo, estudar a atuação de Suplicy na luta pela efetivação de suas propostas e os fatores que o levaram a substituir uma pela outra, aprofundando suas respectivas origens e desenhos, significa mergulhar nos meandros desta temática demonstrando as diferenças de concepções entre os programas / Abstract: This dissertation deals with the history of the programs of direct income transfer in Brazil, including its differences and specificities. In this work was analyzed not only their structural changes, but also their political and theoretical changes. At the beginning, it is focused on Senator Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy and in the formulation of their proposals, which allowed to follow the entire national history of this particular issue. Senator Eduardo Suplicy is a major figure in the development of social policy in Brazil. The Minimum Income Program and the Law of Citizen's Basic Income are of his own, among other projects. The first was presented in 1991 and the second sanctioned in 2004. Both deal with the same area, wherein the Minimum Income represented the basis of the promotion of public policies in the 90s and the Basic Income, that was approved in a pioneering way, putting Brazil at the global forefront of these policies. The implementation and impact of the latter is still unknown, but the development of the first yielded the programs in operation today. Thus, the study of the Suplicy's acts struggling for the achievement of his proposals and the factors that led to the substitution of one proposal for the other, deepening their origin and designs, means diving into the intricacies of this issue to demonstrate the differences between the concepts of the programs / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia