Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-31T14:31:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Luiz Paulo jesus de Oliveira.pdf: 2938039 bytes, checksum: b2e93a034a5b0bdf47e0d7988015973d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2016-04-06T14:04:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Luiz Paulo jesus de Oliveira.pdf: 2938039 bytes, checksum: b2e93a034a5b0bdf47e0d7988015973d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-06T14:04:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Luiz Paulo jesus de Oliveira.pdf: 2938039 bytes, checksum: b2e93a034a5b0bdf47e0d7988015973d (MD5) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as principais transformações e especificidades dos processos de transição e inserção da força de trabalho juvenil no mercado de trabalho brasileiro nos anos 2000. Parte-se do pressuposto de que o trabalho é um eixo estruturante da condição juvenil brasileira, não sendo, portanto, nenhum truísmo qualificá-la como juventude trabalhadora brasileira. Dadas às especificidades históricas da realidade brasileira, a juventude não pode ser caracterizada como moratória em relação ao trabalho, mas antes a condição juvenil só é vivida porque trabalham. A partir dos anos de 1990 houve mudanças significativas no padrão brasileiro de transição escola-trabalho provocadas pela expansão do sistema educacional e pela reestruturação produtiva que implicaram o adiamento da entrada no mercado de trabalho; o desemprego no início das trajetórias de vida, e consequentemente, a constituição de um mercado de trabalho altamente competitivo, onde as vagas (escassas) passaram a ser disputadas entre jovens e adultos. Nos anos 2000, observa-se uma relativa melhora dos principais indicadores do mercado de trabalho (aumento da formalização do emprego; a redução do desemprego e a elevação do rendimento médio dos trabalhadores). Mas, tal processo não beneficiou os jovens da mesma forma que os adultos, sobre eles recai a vivência desigual da precarização social do trabalho, estando mais vulneráveis ao desemprego, e às formas de trabalho e contrato mais precários (terceirizado, contrato temporário, estágios etc.). Neste sentido, conclui-se que na cartografia social dos mercados de trabalho metropolitanos, os jovens trabalhadores da Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS) são aqueles que estão mais expostos à condição mais instável e precária do mercado de trabalho: a condição de desempregados. Portanto, sobre eles o peso das transformações do mundo do trabalho assume feições próprias, cujos percursos, trajetórias de trabalho e expectativas futuras carregam as marcas materiais e simbólicas da herança socialmente imposta: filhos da precarização social do trabalho. Por fim, este estudo se baseia na análise dos dados secundários e nos principais resultados de um estudo de caso, de caráter qualitativo, realizado com 21 jovens egressos do Consórcio Social da Juventude na RMS. The present study aims to analyze the main changes and specificities of transition processes and insertion of the working youth force in the Brazilian labor market in the years 2000s. It assumes that the work is a structuring axis of Brazilian youth condition; therefore, it is no truism to qualify it as Brazilian youth worker. Based on the historical specificities of Brazilian reality, the youth may not be characterized as moratorium in relation to work, once the juvenile condition is only lived because they work. From the year of 1990 there have been significant changes in Brazilian standard of school-to-work transition; caused by the expansion of the educational system and by productive restructuring that resulted in the postponement of entry into the labor market; unemployment at the beginning of life histories, and consequently, the constitution of a highly competitive labor market, whose vacancies (scarce) started to be disputed between youth and adults. In the years 2000, it was observed a relative improvement of the main indicators of the labor market (increase of the formal employment; reduction of unemployment and elevation of the average income of workers).But, this process has not benefited the young people in the same way that it did to adults, on them lies the uneven experience of social precariousness of work, once they are more vulnerable to unemployment, and to more precarious forms of work and contract (outsourced, temporary contract, internships etc.). In this regard, it is concluded that in social cartography of metropolitan labor markets,the MRS young workers are those who are most exposed to the most unstable and precarious labor market condition: the unemployed.Therefore, upon them the weight of the transformations of the world of work takes its own features, whose own pathways, trajectories of work and future expectations carry the marks of material and symbolic inheritance socially imposed: sons of the precariousness of social work. Finally, this study is based on the analysis of secondary data and the main results of a study case, of qualitative nature, carried out with 21 young graduates of the Social Youth Consortium in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador.

Grâce à une méthodologie qualitative s’appuyant sur la Grounded theory et une analyse clinique utilisant la méthode complémentariste, nous avons montré que les individus en situation de précarité, fonctionnent selon une logique de survie psychique. Celle-ci, présente chez tout nourrisson sous forme de violence fondamentale (Bergeret), va perdurer sous l’impact de situations de détresse sans secours adéquat, vécues au cours de leur minorité. Cette logique de survie correspond à l’utilisation par les sujets, de couples d’opposés qui alternent brusquement. Ils remplissent des buts semblables au travers de deux fonctions essentielles que sont la préservation narcissique et la lutte contre la désubjectivation. Celles-ci tendent, plus généralement, vers une recherche de maitrise afin d’éviter un effondrement psychique déjà éprouvé (Winnicott, 1969). Le clivage de l’objet, la fragilité du Moi-peau (Anzieu 1985), l’acting, la tendance à la répétition, mais également la dimension persécutive sont les éléments principaux du modèle de fonctionnement psychique dégagé à partir des données de recherche. Ce modèle n’est pas étranger à des contextes qui ont en commun la paradoxalité (Roussillon 1991). Ainsi la précarité sociale entre en cohérence avec ce fonctionnement voire le fait réémerger. Les sujets tentent de renégocier cette nouvelle situation afin de l’intégrer, en se positionnant comme acteur. Ce modèle de fonctionnement psychique est proche des organisations limites et narcissiques. Nous ne pouvons cependant les assimiler de manière systématique à des fonctionnements pathologiques du fait qu’ils sont adaptés à un contexte où la survie psychique est primordiale. / This qualitative research explores the psychological functioning of individuals living in precariousness. The methodology used is based on grounded theory and clinical analysis referring to the complementarist method. Results show that individuals in precariousness operate on the basis of psychic survival as coined by Bergeret (1984): experienced by all infants as a primary violence, it perseveres in a context of distress without adequate help in the child’s environment. This logic of survival is underpinned by the individuals’ resort to pairs of opposites alternating abruptly. These opposites respond to the same goal of survival throughout a narcissistic preservation and a struggle against desubjectivation, in an attempt to avoid the psychological collapse once experienced (Winnicott, 1969). The core mechanisms animating the model of our participants’ psychological functioning underlined in our results are the following: splitting of the object, fragility of the “Moi-peau” (Anzieu, 1985), the acting, resorting to repetition as well as persecutory aspects. This model is no stranger to contexts that share the element of paradoxical (Roussillon, 1991). Therefore, social precariousness triggers the emergence of this functioning. The participants seemed to renegotiate this new situation and thus to integrate it, by attempting to reposition themselves as actors of their reality. This model of psychic logic described resonates with borderline and narcissistic organizations. However, it is not suggested to systematically assign to it a pathological dimension because it is adapted to a context where psychological survival is paramount.