published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / abstract / Urban Planning and Environmental Management / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Urban Planning and Environmental Management / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

by Maria Chen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [81-85]). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter Ch. 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- The tension of the double goals in media organization --- p.2 / Chapter 2. --- Research question --- p.3 / Chapter 3. --- Significance --- p.3 / Chapter Ch. 2 --- Beauty pageants and television --- p.5 / Chapter 1. --- History --- p.5 / Chapter (A) --- "Miss USA, Miss Universe" --- p.5 / Chapter (B) --- Increasing popularity of beauty pageants in Hong Kong… --- p.5 / Chapter 2. --- Formats of beauty pageants --- p.8 / Chapter (A) --- TVB --- p.8 / Chapter (B) --- ATV --- p.9 / Chapter 3. --- Why beauty pageants? --- p.10 / Chapter (A) --- A popular TV program --- p.10 / Chapter (B) --- Controversial media product --- p.11 / Chapter Ch. 3 --- Corporate image and the tension between profit-making and social responsibility: a theoretical linkage --- p.15 / Chapter 1. --- Theoretical tension between the two goals --- p.15 / Chapter (A) --- The goal of responsibility --- p.15 / Chapter (B) --- The goal of profit --- p.19 / Chapter (C) --- The relationship between profit and responsibility --- p.20 / Chapter (D) --- The source of tension --- p.21 / Chapter (E) --- The conflict and compatibility of the double goals --- p.22 / Chapter 2. --- The method of tension resolution --- p.24 / Chapter (A) --- Marketing --- p.24 / Chapter (B) --- Corporate Image --- p.26 / Chapter (C) --- The position taken in this thesis --- p.30 / Chapter Ch. 4 --- Research methods --- p.32 / Chapter 1. --- Hypotheses --- p.32 / Chapter 2. --- Methodology --- p.33 / Chapter (A) --- In-depth interview --- p.33 / Chapter (B) --- Participant observation --- p.36 / Chapter (C) --- Documentation analysis --- p.36 / Chapter Ch. 5 --- Results --- p.38 / Chapter 1. --- TV stations and their structure in Hong Kong --- p.38 / Chapter (A) --- TVB's corporate image --- p.39 / Chapter (B) --- ATV's corporate image --- p.41 / Chapter (C) --- TVB's image for Miss Hong Kong --- p.42 / Chapter (D) --- ATV's image for Miss Asia --- p.44 / Chapter 2. --- Analysis of the tensions and resolutions in beauty pageants --- p.45 / Chapter (A) --- Managing external uncertainty --- p.45 / Chapter (B) --- Media frameworks for beauty pageants in Hong Kong --- p.47 / Chapter (C) --- Managing internal uncertainty --- p.58 / Chapter Ch. 6 --- Conclusion --- p.78

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Macquarie Graduate School of Management, 2006. / Bibliography: p. 240-276. / Introduction -- "Greening" phenomena of corporate environmental management and reporting -- China's environmental management and reporting -- Research theoretical methodology -- "Evolutionary epic" of China's environmental management institutions -- Findings and conceptualisation of CEM and CER -- Further discussion and implications -- Conclusion. / What was once the preserve of a 'green' social organisational fringe, Corporate Environmental Management (CEM) and Corporate Environmental Reporting (CER), have increasingly become a core business strategy. Research studies in this arena have been centred on industrialised nations (e.g., Guthrie and Parker, 1990), and until recently, comparatively sparse focus on developing nations (Belal, 2000), particularly in empirical studies on CER in the People's Republic of China (PRC). -- As the most populous nation on earth with one fifth of humanity (1.3 billions), China's astounding economic growth and resource consumption (Economist, 2005), provide 'telescoping' lessons in understanding the embracing of CEM and CER in rapidly developing countries. Motivated by China's unique institutional structure and embryonic stage of environmentalism (Luo and Yuwen, 2001; Chan and Welford, 2005), this field study explored the 'greening' phenomena of CEM and CER as perceived by senior managers in Shanghai. -- Utilising a modified grounded research approach (Strauss and Corbin, 1990; 1994; Whiteley, 2004), the constructivist ontology was chosen to penetrate the social context of the companies interviewed. Grounded in the data and applying interpretive epistemology, this qualitative research elucidated our awareness about the normative assumptions underpinning CEM and CER in Shanghai. The emergent model illuminated our understanding of how Chinese institutions and senior individuals within enterprises responded to the greening challenges, and how senior managers matched their personal beliefs with perceived CEM and CER. -- The results in this study indicated that CEM and CER were influenced and/or constrained by formal institutional rules (e.g., environmental policies and laws) and informal cultural institutional norms (e.g., Guanxi, trust and secrecy). The findings resonate well with institutional theoretical constraints (Powell and DiMaggio, 1991; Fogarty, 1992a) and cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1962). This is attributable to the dilemma of balancing the 'yin and yang' of long term environmental sustainability and short term economic growth. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / viii, 289 p. ill

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one important response to the increasing amounts of criticism levelled at corporations. A number of studies have focused on CSR in a range of industries; however, some contentious industries, e.g. the gambling industry, remain unexplored. Mobilizing CSR in a novel setting not only enhances the knowledge of CSR and gambling, but also provides an overview of this industry itself. This thesis attempts to investigate three questions: to what extent does the gambling industry disclose CSR-related data, how is CSR understood in this industry and why does the gambling industry engage in CSR? This thesis provides a general overview of the international gambling industry and an in-depth investigation of Macao's gambling industry. The research design of the thesis employs mixed methods: content analysis and semi-structured interviews. The principal research is based on 49 interviews. This thesis advances three main arguments. First, it will be argued that there are relatively low volumes of Corporate Social Disclosure (CSD) and Responsible Gambling (RG) disclosure in the international gambling industry, which can be viewed as a legitimising strategy. Second, in Macao's gambling industry, it is argued that organisations in this industry tend to place a greater emphasis on positive social impacts, while obscuring such negative impacts as gambling addiction and health-related issues. Third, this thesis holds that organisations in Macao's gambling industry engage symbolically, rather than substantively, with CSR and RG in order to manage stakeholders' perceptions in an attempt to gain different sources of legitimacy and in turn to enhance its economic interests. In conclusion, the gambling industry does not entirely conform to the institutional environment, which poses a challenge to the organisational legitimacy literature. This thesis introduces a necessary caution into the discussions about the extent of CSD, CSR, and RG in this industry more generally.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management