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A Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) caracteriza-se por défices persistentes na comunicação e interação social em múltiplos contextos, bem como pela presença de comportamentos estereotipados e de um reportório restrito de interesses e atividades. Nestes casos, associam-se ainda afetações ao nível motor, sendo visíveis alterações nas habilidades motoras, marcha, equilíbrio e coordenação. Neste contexto, a prática de atividade física tem sido utilizado com inúmeros benefícios para a população com PEA, pese embora possamos encontrar intervenções completamente distintas nesta área. Neste trabalho optou-se pela utilização do treino funcional (TF). O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um programa de TF no perfil de funcionalidade de pessoas com PEA. A amostra foi constituída por 7 indivíduos, todos do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e 30 anos (média=24,57 anos; desvio padrão= 3,77 anos) e diagnóstico de PEA. Os participantes estavam inseridos em dois grupos distintos. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a um programa de intervenção de 6 meses, tendo sido avaliados através de uma Bateria de Testes de TF. As avaliações ocorreram semanalmente, tendo sido recolhidos dados ao longo de todo o programa de intervenção. Concluímos que: i) a prestação de todos os participantes apresentou variações ao longo da intervenção. No entanto, constatámos melhorias nos níveis de funcionalidade geral, com evidentes repercussões positivas no dia-a-dia dos participantes e, consequentemente, nas AVD´s. ii) a amostra total apresentou melhorias, em todos os exercícios da bateria de testes, ao longo do programa de intervenção; iii) na comparação entre grupos, o Gr1 sem experiência de atividade física, mostrou melhor média na maior parte dos exercícios propostos. No entanto apenas no teste de afastar e juntar os Membros Inferiores (MI) e no levantamento de kettlebell as diferenças são, entre grupos, estatisticamente significativas; iv) as melhorias não foram apenas sentidas a nível físico e motor, mas também ao nível psicológico e social. / The Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by long-lasting deficits in communication and social interaction in multiples contexts, as by the presence of stereotype behaviours and of a restrict repertoire of interests and activities. In such situations, there are complications and changes in their motor skills, walking, balance and coordination. In this context, practicing physical activity has countless benefits for the population suffering from ASD, even though there are other ways of doing so. This paper was based on functional training (FT) and its aim was to evaluate the effects of such training in people with ASD. The sample was composed of 17 male individuals, with ages between 20 and 30 years old (average= 24,57 years; standard deviation: 3,77 years) and ASD diagnosis. These individuals were separated into two groups and submitted to an intervention program consisted of a battery tests of FT for 6 months. Assessments occurred throughout the entire intervention program once a week. Our conclusions: i) there were variations in the participants' performance during the intervention. However, we determined an improvement in their levels of overall functionality and clear positive repercussions in their everyday life; ii) in the overall intervention program, all the results of battery tests improved in the sample; iii) when comparing the two groups, the 1st one, who had no experience in physical activity, had a better average in most exercises. However only in the tests which consist to put away and join the lower members, and in the kettlebell lifting the differences between groups are statistically significants; iv) the participants' enhance their physical and motor levels, but also their psychological and social levels did as well.

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El presente trabajo pretende identificar un conjunto de indicadores que permitan reconocer los momentos de aceleración en la organización ofensiva de los equipos de fútbol. Para este estudio fueron establecidos cuatro objetivos: (i) validar un conjunto de indicadores para los momentos de aceleración; (ii) determinar si existen diferencias entre los goles marcados por los momentos de aceleración y los goles alcanzados sin momentos de aceleración y por bolas paradas; (iii) determinar si existen diferencias, con relación a los momentos de aceleración, entre las ligas observadas y analizadas; y (iv) averiguar si existen diferencias entre los tres primeros equipos ubicados al final de cada campeonato, con relación a los equipos posicionados en el medio y parte baja de la clasificación final. Para cumplir con estos objetivos, se analizaron 1951 goles de 36 equipos. Se adaptó un sistema de observación Soccereye. El análisis se realizó por medio de un software de multiplataforma, LINCE. Y a través de la metodología observacional, se determinaron los distintos comportamientos. Se utilizo la estadística descriptiva (media, desvió patrón y frecuencias relativas) para analizar la distribución de valores. Y el Test Chi-cuadrado para verificar las diferencias entre indicadores. Se determinó que el juego en su acción ofensiva se aceleraba por cuatro indicadores: pases cortos entre líneas con sentido del ataque; conducción del balón en sentido del ataque; pases largos positivos; y pases en desmarques de ruptura en diagonal y/o frontal. Se concluyó que existen diferencias entre los momentos de aceleración (p= 0,015), y los goles que acontecen por medio de las bolas paradas y en juego dinámico sin momentos de aceleración. Siendo que el 38,8% de los goles, fueron influenciados por estos momentos. Se determinó que entre las ligas de Alemania, España e Inglaterra no existen diferencias significativas (p=0,32). Las ligas de Alemania y España presentaron diferencias con relación a la liga de Portugal. Por último, encontramos que existe diferencias entre los tres grupos década liga: los de encima con relación a los del medio y parte baja de la clasificación final (p= 0.01). / The present dissertation intends to identify a set of performance indicators that allow recognizing the acceleration moments present in the offensive organization of football teams. In this regard, four objectives were outlined: i) to validate a set of performance indicators relative to the acceleration moments; ii) to determine if there are differences between the goals achieved through acceleration vs non-acceleration moments, as well as set pieces; iii) to determine if there exists differences in the acceleration moments with regard to different leagues, and; iv) to verify if there are differences between the first three teams, located at the first positions of the classification, in relation to other teams positioned at the middle and lower part of the final classification. To accomplish these objectives, the Soccer-eye observation system was adapted to analyze 1951 goals from 36 teams. Through the observational methodology were determined the different behaviors being the analysis performed by using the multi-platform software LINCE. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and relative frequencies) were used to analyze the distribution of the values, and the Chi-square test was used to verify the differences between the performance indicators. We determined that the game in its offensive phase was accelerated mainly through four indicators: ball conduction in the direction of the attack; positive long passes; passes performed in diagonal and/or frontal in-depth movements. We concluded that there were differences between the acceleration moments (p=0.015), and the goals that occurred through set pieces as well as during the game without acceleration moments. We also concluded that 38.8 % of the goals scored were influenced/preceded by these acceleration moments. There were no differences between the leagues of Germany, England and Spain (p=0.32). In addition, there were differences between the leagues of Germany and Spain comparatively with the Portuguese league. Finally, we found that there were differences between the three groups, namely the first three teams positioned at the top of the classification in relation to others positioned at the middle/lower part of the classification (p=0.01).

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