This thesis is based on ¡§Socialism of Chinese Characteristics¡¨which discusses development of civil aviation in China and strategies for Taiwan¡¦s aviation sectors to participate in China¡¦s aviation market. ¡§Socialism of Chinese Characteristics¡¨ have become a theory system which integrates from each general secretary¡¦s core policies of Communist Party of China. The theory is still reconstructing according to the development of a changing Chinese society. ¡§Socialism of Chinese Characteristics¡¨ has guided government¡¦s overall policies in every aspect of development which maintain economic growth as prime purpose by implementing market economy¡¦s strength and keeping the country and society under severe control that shows specialty of openness and tight regulation of its political and economy system. The incremental growth of ¡§Socialism of Chinese Characteristics¡¨ is then an important guideline to look at the future development of civil aviation in China. The civil aviation industry in China itself has already gone through administrative reform, deregulation of civil aviation, lax regulation on foreign direct investment, etc. which enormously changed civil aviation¡¦s system of management and operation since the ¡§Reform and Opening Up¡¨, the process has in turn led Chinese government take civil aviation as a unique industry that fits into China¡¦s macro-contexts of political, social, and economic plans on regional economic development, multi-model transport system, high-end technology and foreign policy adjustment. Civil aviation in China now incrementally march to ¡§Open Skies¡¨ policy under Chinese government¡¦s support and propel China¡¦s civil aviation as a heavyweight not only in East Asia but also in global perspective by constructing ¡§hub and spoke¡¨ system that aims to reach china¡¦s long term goal of becoming an aviation superpower. During this critical time, China would absorb modern management model, aviation technology and foreign investment by co-operating with global players and reaching global standards in every aspect in order to enhance sound development of China¡¦s civil aviation. Taiwan¡¦s aviation sectors at this juncture then could use current traffic rights and contents of bilateral agreements with mainland China to both open up mainland China¡¦s aviation market and serve as supplier of mainland China¡¦s whole aviation system in which Taiwan¡¦s actors could invest on related industries, aggrandize it¡¦s aviation performance so that both parties could benefits from each other and that is key element for Taiwan¡¦s aviation sectors to stand firmly on Asia Pacific market.

Culture industry may strengthen a nation's soft power, elevate its economic structures, and promote social development. It is also a more environment-friendly industry. Therefore, almost all developed nations have established policies geared towards cultivating their own culture industry. Mainland China is no exception. It drew up the ¡§National "11th Five-Year Plan¡¨ Period Cultural Development Plan¡¨ in 2006 and the ¡§Plan on Reinvigoration of the Cultural Industry¡¨ in 2009, both signifying the official effort to include culture industry as one of the key focuses in national development. Mainland China cultural industry¡¦s production, raw materials and subject matter had been destroyed in Cultural Revolution. Government of Mainland China started to give an impetus in changing state-operated Culture industry into with a fixed percentage During the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, China's culture industry suffered great loss in production, material, and content. However, when Deng took over, his reform towards market economy led to a more liberal attitude in the Chinese government. Today, many previously state-owned culture-related businesses are partially private-owned, traditional culture industries see possibilities in new technologies such as mobile devices and tablets, and the balance between developments in eastern and western China is valued. All these changes serves a same goal, which is to promote the Chinese culture industry internationally. For China, the development of culture industry not only improves its consumer structure and increase domestic jobs, but also proceeds with environment protection in synergy by shifting the internal economy and industry structures. It is undoubtedly that China's enormous size is impactful among the world's cultural market, especially iii when supported by its government. Thus this paper adopts the "Chinese socialism" model of development and analyzes the Chinese culture industry policies.

This study examines how political-economic and socio-cultural influences had impacted the institutional development of HVE in China by investigating the historical development process of HVE between 1980 and 2007, when the country was undergoing tremendous political, economic, and social transitions toward building Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. With the research method of document content analysis, the study reveals causes, effects, and trends of HVE development through comparisons between HVE-related policy contents concerning major HVE institutional realities including contexts, missions, structures, access, tuition, curricula, teaching staff, graduate employment, funding and governance, and social status. Within a theoretical framework utilizing vocationalism, Confucianism, and neoinstitutionalism, analysis and discussion resulted in a number of findings. First, the development of HVE in China embodied a trend of vocationalism, which has led and is leading to higher education expansion, higher education restructuring, and a positive change of Chinese peoples views on careers. Second, in addition to its discrimination against skills/skilled workers, the mechanism of upward mobility entailed in Confucianism was another major reason causing resistance to HVE. Third, given the increasingly competitive Civil Service Examination, Chinese peoples views on careers were not synchronized to the mass higher education system that was underway in China. Fourth, while supporting HVE, vocationalism itself created problems for HVE. A new vocationalist view was needed for future HVE development. Confucianism may contribute to such a new vocationalist view drawing on humanities education and the mechanism of upward mobility, though its notion of scholar-officials was critiqued for impeding the development of HVE. Fifth, HVE students had been treated unequally in the whole process of studying in HVE from admission to participation to graduation. Sixth, from a neoinstitutionalist perspective, the development of HVE represented the process of its instutionalization, in which HVE needed to obtain legitimacy. Absence of legitimacy was the major reason causing various challenges facing the development of HVE. Seventh, the development of HVE indicated institutional isomorphic changes in Chinese higher education. Eighth, biased policy causing stratification of Chinese higher education was another major factor leading to various challenges facing HVE. / Adult Education

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