This paper is directed toward helping the new graduate student in mathematics to acquire a feeling for the literature of his field and thus carry out a more efficient literature search. As the field of mathematics developed, the number of journals carrying mathematical articles grew. Today there are over 120 journals devoted in whole or in part to mathematics. This vast amount of literature presents a problem common to beginning graduate students initiating a research project. As an introduction, a discussion is given of the development of mathematics from the time of the first learned academies to the time of Crelle's Journal, with emphasis being placed on some of the outstanding mathematicians of the period. The years covered constitute the pre-birth era of modern mathematical literature. The second section concerns the growth of the literature and contains a partial listing of the major mathematical research journals of the world. Also in this section, there is a discussion devoted to the use of the literature with hints for organizing a systematic literature search. The remainder of the thesis is devoted to some of the major mathematical societies and journals of the world. In these letter sections there is information concerning 23 societies from 11 different countries. Particular emphasis is placed on the American Mathematical Society and its publications as it is one of the foremost organizations of its type in the world today. Much of the information for the sections concerning the societies was obtained by personal correspondence, on the part of the author, with persons directly associated with the various societies. / Master of Science

Mei Qing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-138). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Methodology --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Seeking A New World --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1 --- Historical Context --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- "Geographical and Cultural Context of Malacca, Penang and Singapore" --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Development of Chinese Temples and Huiguans in the Settlements --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Between Two Worlds: Temple Studies --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Chinese Belief Structure --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2 --- Prototype of Temples in Fujian --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Cheng Hoon Teng in Malacca … --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4 --- Guang Fu Gong and Tian Fu Gong --- p.75 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary … --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Between Two Worlds: Huiguan Studies --- p.92 / Chapter 4.1 --- Origin of Huiguans in China --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2 --- Chinese Huiguans in the Straits --- p.97 / "Conclusion: Temple, Huiguan, and Identity" --- p.121 / Bibliography

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LD2668 .T4 1947 O9 / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Music / Master / Master of Philosophy

This study explores the effects of ethno-religious tensions on the dynamics of fraternalism in nineteenth-century Montreal. With the Irish "national society" as its focus, it relates the internal politics of the Saint Patrick's Society of Montreal to broader narratives of the cultural, intellectual and institutional evolution of civil society in Lower Canada. Beginning with an overview of sources and a discussion of early Irish migration, it proceeds to explore the effects of emerging social and political patterns and ethno-religious identities on a middle-class fraternal project from the early nineteenth-century to the dissolution of the Saint Patrick's Society in 1856.

Indian hobbyism, or Indianism, is an expression of a typically European fascination with Native American peoples which involves crafting "museum-quality replicas" of clothing and artifacts as well as reenactment of slices of Native American nineteenth-century life by non-Native practitioners in an effort to produce knowledge and meaningful experience through experimentation. Drawing on fieldwork data collected in 2003 and 2004 among play communities of Indian hobbyists in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and the Czech Republic, I formulate an understanding of the social, performative, and mimetic dynamics of this phenomenon by conceiving of Indianist practices as forms of play that constantly shift between different play frames. In terms of knowledge production, I argue that the Indian hobby provides a space in which different (epistemological) traditions meet, as Indian hobbyists draw on, and enact, a hybrid reservoir of indigenous and European knowledge systems and art forms. Especially interesting is the relationship between Indianism and the dynamics of museal display in the West, both historically and contemporaneously. In general, I found that two different approaches to the right way of representing may be distinguished in Indianist methodological practice: a "Renaissance" and a "Translational" mode. / Because of its striking mimetic aspects, Indianism raises questions of identity play and cultural appropriation. An important element of the hobbyist quest for knowledge and experience consists in investing the self in an "other" in ways that elicit criticism from outsiders, including anthropologists. Indian hobbyism is a controversial example of "playing at" cultures that (by all conventional standards) belong elsewhere and to someone else, providing interesting insights for debates on identity politics and the construction of "race"---also among Indianists themselves. Rather than longing to embody someone else's identity, however, Indianists, almost in spite of themselves, enact a social world that is filled with action and life in their European present. Indianist practice and desire for authenticity revolve around craftsmanship and reenactment, resulting in skillful replicas, in the here and now.

This study explores the different perceptions of effectiveness among four constituent groups of stakeholders in Singapore national sports associations. The four groups are athletes, board members, coaches, and secretariat staff. The study applies a qualitative research methodology. It uses a focus group and semi-structured interviews across 25 national sports associations. The qualitative data is analysed using NVivo software to organise the data into general themes and as an aid in breaking the data into sub-themes. The four constituent groups discuss multi-faceted perceptions of effectiveness by providing varying interpretations, meanings, inferences, and relational issues depending on the roles they hold. While confirming multi-dimensional perceptions of effectiveness, the study uncovers three determinants of effectiveness that are not cited directly in the literature: communication, athlete management, and commitment and organisation of the management committee. The study suggests major tensions in terms of organisational and personal athlete outcomes. It also highlights the paramount importance of funding, both for sports development and the organisation's personnel staffing and systems. There is a symbiotic relationship between internal and external perceptions of influences on effective performance. The findings suggest constituent groups' perceptions of the Singapore Sports Council influence their perceptions of effectiveness within their own associations. In turn, SSC's policy making and organisational behaviour are perceived to affect how the effectiveness of constituent groups is evaluated as well as their scope for action within their organisations. The implications for sports administrators and policy makers include the need for better communications between and within constituent groups, quality leadership (with decisions based on sports management and sports science knowledge), a more equitable distribution of funds, an internal environment of trust and empowerment balanced by objectivism, and an external environment of realism balanced by recognition of the need for continual performance improvement.

This thesis uses the minute books and manuscript magazines of Glasgow’s literary societies as evidence for my argument that the history of mutual improvement groups—including literary societies—needs to be re-written as a unique movement of ‘improvement’ during the long nineteenth century. In foregrounding the surviving records, I examine what it meant to be literary to society members in Glasgow during this period. I discuss what their motivations were for becoming so, and reflect on the impact that gender, occupation and social class had on these. I demonstrate that these groups contributed to the education and literacy of people living in the city and to a larger culture of ‘improvement’. Further, I argue that there is a case to be made for a particularly Scottish way of consuming texts in the long nineteenth century. In Glasgow, there were at least 193 literary societies during this period, which I divide into four phases of development. I provide an in-depth examination of two societies which serve as case studies. In addition, I give an overview and comparison of the 652 issues of Scottish and English society magazines I discovered in the context of a larger, ‘improving’ culture. I offer possible reasons why so many literary societies produced manuscript magazines, and show that this phenomenon was not unique to them. These magazines fostered a communal identity formed around a combination of religion, class, gender and local identity. I determine that societies in England produced similar types of magazines to those in Scotland possibly based upon the Scottish precedent. These materials substantially contribute to the evidence for nineteenth-century mutual improvement societies and their magazines, and for working- and lower-middle class Scottish readers and writers during the long nineteenth century, social groups that are under-represented in the history of reading and in Victorian studies.

The Society for Conservation Biology held their 21st annual conference in Port Elizabeth during July 2007. This was the first SCB conference hosted on the African continent. Over 1500 conservation professionals and students from throughout the world were brought together by the SCB annual meeting. The local organizing committee was interested in the economic impacts associated with the conference and approached the NMMU Economics Department to conduct an economic impact assessment of the conference. The Economics Department invited the researcher to undertake this study towards obtaining an MCom degree in Economics. The economic impact of conferences stems from two sources, namely: expenditure by delegates (the demand-side) and the expenditure by conference organizers (the supply-side). The study focused on the economic impacts of the conference for the Eastern Cape. The conference expenditure produced an increase in demand in the Eastern Cape. Only new expenditure originating from outside the Eastern Cape were considered. An increase in the demand for one industry’s output will create additional demand for the outputs of its supplying industries, because industries are connected through forward and backward linkages. These inter-industry linkages produce a multiplier effect. The initial direct conference expenditure created secondary impacts. The latter were indirect and induced expenditures. In addition to secondary impacts, the SCB conference produced spill-over impacts. The spill-over impacts of the conference were noted (but not quantified). The expenditure by delegates was determined by means of a delegate expenditure questionnaire conducted during the conference. The expenditure by the conference organizers was determined in consultation with the organizers, using their financial statements. The multiplier impacts were estimated by means of an input-output (IO) analysis, using a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of the Eastern Cape as the underlying database. These multipliers (Type 1 and 2 multipliers) were estimated using open and closed multiplier models. It was deduced that the 2007 SCB conference created a significant and positive net economic impact in the Eastern Cape. The total direct cash injection of the conference was R12.141 million. Using a Type 1 multiplier this direct stimulus is estimated to have caused an extra R16.502 million increase in gross output. Using a Type 2 multiplier this direct stimulus was estimated to have caused a R19.884 million increase in gross output. The total cash injection of the conference contributed R6.093 million to GVA in terms of a Type 1 multiplier and a R7.344 million increase in GVA in terms of a Type 2 multiplier. Household incomes in the Eastern Cape were increased by R3.384 million. These results confirm that the hosting of major events and conferences is indeed a tool for promoting regional economic development.