Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Wollo, formerly referred to as ―Bete Amhara,‖ refers to a region of Amharic-speaking Christians. It was one of the oldest provinces of Ethiopia; located in the north-eastern part of Ethiopia at the cross- roads of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Sudan, and central and Southern Ethiopia. Its geostrategic central position has made it a historical focal point of historical dynamics in Ethiopia. Due to its geostrategic position, many writers of the medieval period referred to Wollo as the ―center and the heartland of the Abyssinian Empire. On account of these, major historical battles among political, social, and religious forces occurred in this region leaving their own mark on it and the nature of the Ethiopian state. Before the sixteenth century, Wollo had been a center of history, political administration, religion, and religious education. As a result, numerous historical events have taken place in this province. Due to such factors, it was part of the historically dominant regions in Ethiopia. However, after the sixteenth century we see a decline in the position of Wollo. A province which was part of the center, afterwards the sixteenth century, had been downgraded to the periphery following its domination by Islam and Oromo, which were two subjects of marginalization in Ethiopian historiography. Thereafter, the province was relegated from the country‘s political ground and historical narration due to ethnic, religious, and political backgrounds. In the earliest recordings of the historically dominant groups of Ethiopia, Wollo was not properly represented as it was regarded as a Muslim and Oromo province. In much of the recently recorded literature on the subaltern groups in the post-1991 period, the internal events of Wollo have been ignored. Therefore, both in the past and recently, the socio-political history of Wollo province has never been given due regard. Despite the fact that Wollo bears elements of both the historically dominant and historical subaltern of Ethiopia, it has not been provided proper representation by the narrative of the historically dominant groups, as it is not given proper place in the emergent history of the subaltern in Post-1991 Ethiopia. This paradox of Wollo belonging to both but not given due attention and representation is the corridor leading to explore the dark sides of Ethiopian historiography. Thus, this study attempts to examine why, how and in what way Wollo has been neglected from the country‘s political ground and historical narration. It will also try to reconstruct the social and political history of the province in the period under study.

Submitted by Josias De Oliveira Nunes (josias.nunes@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-25T18:29:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO MESTRADO VERSÃO de defesa (Repositório). 22-04-2018 (versão repositório COMPLETA).pdf: 2873653 bytes, checksum: 22abf1793734c5a2da350a6219a43981 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Luiza Carpi Semeghini (luiza@assis.unesp.br) on 2018-04-25T22:23:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_jo_me_assis_int.pdf: 2873653 bytes, checksum: 22abf1793734c5a2da350a6219a43981 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-25T22:23:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_jo_me_assis_int.pdf: 2873653 bytes, checksum: 22abf1793734c5a2da350a6219a43981 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O Brasil, um dos três maiores países das Américas, foi colonizado pelos portugueses, que aportaram em suas terras no século XVI, status conservado até o recente século XIX. A colônia tornou-se reino independente de Portugal, e tem-se desde sempre que o seu idioma é o português, legado dos descobridores. A educação brasileira perpetua a versão, através do conteúdo formal para a educação básica, sem que haja nos PCN`s informações sobre sua gênese. Não há menção do galego, ou mesmo do galego-português. O presente trabalho aborda à história sociopolítica da língua portuguesa, “que circunstâncias favoreceram essa sucessiva expansão e que consequências sociopolíticas advieram delas” (FARACO, 2016, p.10), e propõe a exposição das obras dos trovadores dos séculos XII e XIII aos discentes. Embora um estudo histórico-linguístico não seja o propósito, procura-se dar rápido panorama da evolução interna da língua portuguesa sob Teyssier (TEYSSIER, 1987), através de Saraiva (SARAIVA, 1995); aborda-se a linguística românica (ILARI, 2004), o português arcaico (MATTOS E SILVA, 2006), e, ainda, a gramática histórica (COUTINHO, 1976). Mas debruça-se mais detidamente sobre história da sociedade que serviu de berço para o nosso idioma (WINCK, 2017), e no fato de o Português ser língua oficial de Portugal só em fins do século XV, fenômeno tardio; vê-se a Gramática da Linguagem Portuguesa de Fernão de Oliveira (1536), a primeira. Pesquisa-se o século XVIII, quando muito se fala em ‘língua do príncipe’ ou ‘língua do soberano (BURKE, 2010); busca-se caminho por linguagens e comunidades nos primórdios da Europa Moderna, citado por Faraco (FARACO, 2016). Faz-se distinção, portanto, entre os autores que perpetram a história interna da Língua, por estudos histórico-linguísticos – Teyssier, Saraiva, Ilari, Mattos e Silva e Coutinho – e autores que produzem uma história externa, pelos estudos sociopolíticos – Winck, Faraco e Burke. Autores galegos que abordam a questão sociopolítica da língua, de dentro para fora, conhecedores que são de sua própria história, são consultados. Estende-se a breve análise à construção do currículo e às políticas linguísticas vigentes através do MEC – Ministério da Educação. Tendo-se em mente a distinção entre aspectos histórico-linguísticos e sociopolíticos da língua portuguesa em sua origem na Galícia, pretende-se que o alunado tenha acesso introdutório a esses aspectos, pelos textos pertencentes aos compêndios: Cancioneiro de Santa Maria, Cancioneiro da Ajuda, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa – Colocci Brancutti, Cancioneiro da Vaticana. Há de se confirmarem (ou não) entendimento de tema, assunto, título e texto com as respectivas transcrições para a língua corrente. Busca-se o reconhecimento (ou não) da identidade linguística do aluno brasileiro do século XXI a partir de textos matriciais que transitem da Provença às percepções literário-culturais brasileiras atuais, e a despeito de suas variações. / Brazil, one of the three largest countries in the Americas, was colonized by the Portuguese, who arrived in its lands in the sixteenth century, a preserved status up to the recent nineteenth century. The colony became an independent kingdom from Portugal, and Portuguese has been its language since then, a legacy of the discoverers. The Brazilian education perpetuates the version through its formal content for basic education, without any information whatsoever in the NCPs about its genesis. There is not any mention of the Galician, not even of the Galician-Portuguese. This present paper deals with the socio-political history of the Portuguese language, when it comes to “what were the circumstances that favored this consecutive expansion and what were the socio-political consequences that resulted from them” (FARACO, 2016, p.10), and suggests the exposition of the troubadors’ works from both the 12th and 13th centuries. Even though a historical-linguistic study is not the purpose, it aims at giving a quick overview of the internal revolution of the Portuguese language (TEYSSIER, 1987) or by Saraiva (SARAIVA, 1995); the romance language here is in focus (ILARI, 2004), the archaic Portuguese (MATTOS E SILVA, 2006), and in addition, the historical grammar (COUTINHO, 1976). However, it looks more closely into the history of the society that served as the cradle for our language (WINCK,2017), and because Portuguese was the official language of Portugal only in the late 15th century, thus a late phenomenon; one can look into the Grammar of the Portuguese Language by Fernão de Oliveira (1536), the first one. The eighteenth century is researched, when a great deal is said about “the language of the prince”, or “the language of the sovereign” (BURKE, 2010); a path is sought after languages and communities in the early beginnings of Modern Europe, quoted by Faraco (FARACO, 2016). Distinction is made, therefore, among the authors who perpetuate the internal history of the Language through historical-linguistic studies – Teyssier, Saraiva, Ilari, Mattos e Silva and Countinho – as well as authors that produce an external history through socio-political studies – Winck, Faraco and Burke. Galician authors who deal with the socio-political aspect of the language, from inside to outside and who are experts of their own history are also consulted. Both the brief analysis of the elaboration of the curriculum and the language policies in force are extended through the MEC (Ministry of Education and Culture). Bearing in mind the distinction between the historical –linguistic and the socio-political aspects of the Portuguese language in its origin in Galicia, it is intended that the students have an introductory access in regard to these aspects, by using the texts that belong to the compendia: Cancioneiro de Santa Maria, Cancioneiro da Ajuda, Cancioneiro da National Library of Lisbon – Colocci Brancutti, Cancioneiro da Vaticana. It is to be confirmed (or not) the understanding of the theme, subject matter, title and text with its respective transcripts for the current language. One seeks the recognition (or not) of the linguistic identity of the 21st. century brazilian student, stemming from matrix texts that transits from Provence to the current Brazilian literary-cultural perceptions, in spite of their variations. / CAPES: 5649518