Cette recherche a pour objet l’étude de la problématique de la transformation organisationnelle dans le contexte des organisations publiques au Liban. Elle porte plus particulièrement sur l’amélioration de la qualité des services publics dans les organisations publiques. La qualité est le fer de lance de la stratégie de développement de la satisfaction des usagers. La question de la qualité dans la gestion publique est particulièrement aiguë aujourd'hui. Nous pouvons souligner que les organisations publiques s'orientent davantage vers la satisfaction des usagers qui devient l'un des plus importants objectifs au sein de ces organisations. Cette recherche montre que le cadre théorique et méthodologique de l’analyse socio-économique contribue à améliorer le fonctionnement des organisations. Les prescriptions que nous formulons se déclinent à partir des concepts de la « qualité des services », de la « transformation organisationnelle », et de la « satisfaction des usagers ». Le modèle d’intervention proposée par cette approche consiste, non plus à saisir la qualité à partir des buts à atteindre et à obtenir les transformations requises, mais à définir les conditions d’une possibilité du changement, et à conduire les transformations du management et du fonctionnement de l’organisation, dans ses infrastructures, qui permettront d’atteindre les objectifs ou la mise en œuvre d’une politique d’une plus grande satisfaction de l’usager. Notre contribution, principalement exploratoire, permet de prescrire les adaptations à réaliser sur le plan du management et du fonctionnement des organisations publiques. Notre objectif sera de faire des propositions pour la mise en place d'un système de management socio-économique visant à réduire les dysfonctionnement, à maîtriser la qualité, et à adapter sans cesse les structures d'une organisation publique. / This research has as objective to study the problematic of the organizational transformation in the context of the public organizations in Lebanon. It is more particularly about the improvement of the quality of public services in the public organizations. The quality is the spearhead of the strategy of the development of users’ satisfaction. Nowadays, the topic of the quality in the public management is particularly severe. We can emphasize that the public organizations are moving towards to satisfy more the users, which becomes one of the most important objectives within these organizations.This research shows that the theoretical and methodological scope of the socioeconomic analysis has contributed to improve the functioning of the organizations. The instructions that we formulate are stated on the basis of the notions of the “services quality”, of the “organizational transformation” and of the “users’ satisfaction”. The model of the suggested intervention by this approach does not consist anymore of seizing the quality on the basis of the goals to reach and to obtain from the required transformations, but to define the conditions of change possibility, and to lead the transformations of the management and of the functioning of the organization, in its infrastructures, which will permit to reach the goals or to perform a policy of a bigger satisfaction of the user.Our contribution, which is mostly exploratory, permits to prescribe the adaptations to be realized as regards to the management and functioning of public organizations. Our objective will be to formulate suggestions for the setting of a socioeconomic management system aiming at reducing the malfunctioning, controlling the quality, and at the permanent adaptation of the structures of a public organization.

and of the part of the Głu zy e region on the polish side of , Głu

This diploma describes basic socioeconomic characterictics of Region of Central Bohemia. It focuses mainly on demography, labour market, social and technical infrastructure and macroeconomics in this region. In theoretical part are mentioned the basic facts from these branches. In analytical part are described time progress mainly in years 2000 -- 2006, comparsion of subregions in Region of Central Bohemia, comparsion of other regions in Czech Republic and the dependence between indicators of particular parts. From knowledges has been made SWOT analysis and has been suggested arrangements for following developement of the region.

This diploma thesis deals with revitalization of landscape and recultivation in Sokolov region. In its first part the paper deals with socioeconomic analysis of region Sokolov. The main task of this analysis is, evaluate present progress of this region. It also describes history of brown coal mining in brown coal field of Sokolov region and negative effect for landscape. Next chapters of this thesis show: recultivation in general, project documentation, financing arrangements, company Sokolovská uhelná a.s. and its privatisation. One of the most important parts of this diploma thesis deals with recultivation in Sokolov region and description of particular locations in this region. The last part gives an evaluation of socioeconomic developmet in dependence on recultivation in Sokolov region.

A literatura especializada tem registrado, com ênfase, que a alimentação tem função primordial para o atendimento das necessidades energéticas e nutricionais das crianças e adolescentes e, ainda, exercem papel fundamental para a prevenção de doenças na fase adulta. O consumo freqüente de dietas inadequadas, aliadas muitas vezes ao sedentarismo, podem comprometer o estado nutricional dos escolares. A conscientização das crianças e adolescentes para um estilo de vida mais saudável faz-se necessária, contribuindo para a promoção e consolidação de hábitos saudáveis. Face ao exposto, julgou-se pertinente analisar a situação da população jovem, que vive em município cuja população ocupa, predominantemente, a área rural. Para tanto, foi definida amostra (n = 508) representativa dos alunos da rede pública de ensino de Piedade, São Paulo, com vistas a conhecer o estado nutricional e alguns de seus condicionantes, o consumo alimentar e o estilo de vida dos alunos amostrados, com idade entre 6 e 18 anos. Foram analisados os indicadores antropométricos (escore Z de altura para idade – ZAI) e a distribuição do Índice de Massa Corporal – IMC. Os dados sobre o consumo alimentar e estilo de vida dos escolares foram obtidos por meio de um questionário. Também utilizando-se questionários específicos identificou-se as condições socioeconômicas das famílias. Entre os principais resultados, vale ressaltar que apenas 3% dos escolares apresentaram ZAI < –2 (indicativo de déficit de altura). Observou-se 13,4% dos escolares com IMC³ 85º P. Verificou-se forte associação entre o IMC dos escolares e o trabalho da mãe fora de casa. Entre os alimentos mais citados nas dietas dos escolares destacam-se: arroz, pão, feijão, hortaliças, leite, carne bovina, café, margarina e achocolatado em pó. Merece destaque a baixa ingestão, entre os escolares, de energia, fibras, folacina, vitamina C, vitamina A, vitamina E, cálcio, ferro e zinco. Foi observado consumo considerado elevado de proteínas, vitamina B12 e selênio. A análise da participação dos macronutrientes no valor energético total revelou que cerca de 65% dos alunos apresentaram dietas inadequadas, não tendo sido observadas diferenças expressivas quando se analisou os resultados discriminando o grupo, de acordo com o sexo. Quando se analisou os resultados, tendo por base as dietas dos alunos classificados de acordo com a idade, maior proporção (66,2%) de dietas inadequadas foi observada entre o grupo mais jovem (com idade inferior a 10 anos). Verificou-se que os escolares permanecem em média 3,3 horas diárias expostos à programação televisiva. O estado nutricional da população pode ser classificado como satisfatório, mas em relação ao consumo de alimentos, faz-se necessário a intervenção com vistas, por exemplo, à reeducação alimentar, a fim de oferecer subsídios aos escolares para a adoção de práticas alimentares benéficas à saúde. / The specialized literature has registered, with emphasis, that the feeding has primordial function in supplying children and teenagers energy and nutritional needs and, still, they have a fundamental role for the prevention of diseases in the adult phase. The frequent consumption of inadequate diets, allied to inactiveness, may put under risk students nutritional status. Children and teenagers awareness for a healthier lifestyle has become necessary, contributing to the promotion and consolidation of healthy habits. Therefore, the analysis of the situation of the young population was considered pertinent, once they live in a municipal district which population is located, predominantly, in the rural area. This way, a representative sample of students from the public teaching net of Piedade, São Paulo, was defined (n = 508), aiming to know the nutritional status and some of their restrictions, the alimentary consumption and the lifestyle of the sampled students, between 6 and 18 years old. The anthropometrical indicators were analyzed (Z-score of height-for-age – ZAI) and the distribution of the Index of Body Mass Index – BMI. The information on the alimentary consumption and the students’ lifestyle were obtained through a questionnaire. Also through specific questionnaires the socioeconomic conditions of the families were identified. Among the main results, it is worth to emphasize that only 3% of the students presented ZAI < –2 (indicative of height deficit). It was observed that 13,4% of the students with IMC ³ 85 o P. A strong association was verified between the students' BMI and the fact of having the mother' working out of home. Among the most mentioned foods in the students' diets we can stand out: rice, bread, bean, vegetables, milk, bovine meat, coffee, margarine and powdered chocolate. We have to highlight and turn attention to the low ingestion, among the students, of energy, fibers, folacin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, calcium, iron and zinc. A high consumption of proteins, vitamin B12 and selenium was observed. The analysis of the participation of the macronutrients in the total energy value revealed that about 65% of the students presented inadequate diets, not having been observed expressive differences when analyzed the results discriminating the group, concerning gender. When the results were analyzed, based on students' diets classified concerning age, a larger proportion (66,2%) of inadequate diets was observed among the youngest group (10 years old or less). It was verified that the students spend an average of 3,3 hours daily in front of television. The nutritional status of the population can be classified as satisfactory, but concerning the consumption of foods, it is necessary an intervention aiming, for instance, an alimentary reeducation, in order to offer subsidies to the students to adopt beneficial alimentary practices to the health.

Managed lanes are a form of congestion pricing that use occupancy and toll payment requirements to utilize capacity more efficiently. How socio-spatial characteristics impact users’ travel behavior toward managed lanes is the main research question of this study. This research is a case study of the conversion of a High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lane to a High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lane, implemented in Atlanta I-85 on 2011. To minimize the cost and maximize the size of the collected data, an innovative and cost-effective modeling framework for socioeconomic analysis of managed lanes has been developed. Instead of surveys, this research is based on the observation of one and a half million license plates, matched to household locations, collected over a two-year study period. Purchased marketing data, which include detailed household socioeconomic characteristics, supplemented the household corridor usage information derived from license plate observations. Generalized linear models have been used to link users’ travel behavior to socioeconomic attributes. Furthermore, GIS raster analysis methods have been utilized to visualize and quantify the impact of the HOV-to-HOT conversion on the corridor commutershed. At the local level, this study conducted a comprehensive socio-spatial analysis of the Atlanta I-85 HOV to HOT conversion. At the general scale, this study enhances managed lanes’ travel demand models with respect to users’ characteristics and introduces a comprehensive modeling framework for the socioeconomic analysis of managed lanes. The methods developed through this research will inform future Traffic and Revenue Studies and help to better predict the socio-spatial characteristics of the target market.

Introdução - As perdas dentárias em adultos, configuram-se em um problema de saúde pública. Dada a relevância da problemática a Organização Mundial de Saúde propôs como meta para o ano 2000, que 75% dos adultos entre 35 e 44 anos de idade apresentassem 20 dentes ou mais funcionais. Objetivo Estudar a influência das variáveis de nível individual, familiar e de contexto na ocorrência de perdas dentárias superiores a 12 dentes em adultos de 40 anos de idade. Métodos Utilizando-se dados obtidos de um levantamento epidemiológico de saúde bucal realizado em 9 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, que desenvolvem a estratégia Saúde da Família, localizadas na zona leste do município de São Paulo, associados aos dados do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB), foram desenvolvidas análises estatísticas pelo teste de associação do qui-quadrado, e análise multinível, tendo como variável dependente a ausência de mais de 12 dentes, baseando-se no componente P (perdido) do índice CPO-D (P 12 e P>12). As variáveis independentes foram obtidas de 3 níveis. As relativas ao nível I envolvem aspectos demográficos; socioeconômicos; características da família, dos domicílios, da ocupação, da saúde geral dos indivíduos e do núcleo familiar; hábitos e cuidados com a saúde bucal; autopercepção da saúde bucal; acesso a serviços odontológicos, e características relativas à saúde bucal. No segundo e terceiro nível, trabalhou-se com 23 indicadores, construídos a partir do banco de dados do SIAB de cada uma das Unidades de Saúde envolvidas na pesquisa. Tais indicadores referem-se às características das moradias, aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos e relativos à saúde geral dos indivíduos cadastrados nas respectivas Áreas e Microáreas. O modelo multinível foi construído através do procedimento Stepwise Forward Selection Procedure. Resultados - A amostra foi constituída de 241 indivíduos, sendo que 58,9% apresentavam 20 dentes ou mais. Os fatores de risco independentes para a ocorrência de perdas dentárias superiores a 12 dentes foram: renda familiar mensal inferior à 170 dólares (OR=3,32 p= 0,001); densidade no domicílio superior a um indivíduo por cômodo (OR= 2,15 p=0,032); ser negro ou pardo (OR=2,07 p=0,032); nenhum membro da família ter plano de assistência médica (OR=2,20 p=0,046); residir em uma microárea onde 4,5% ou mais dos indivíduos com 15 anos ou mais são analfabetos (OR=2,45 p=0,012); residir em uma microárea com prevalência igual ou superior a 1,25% de alcoolismo entre os indivíduos com 15 anos ou mais (OR=2,30 p=0,020). Conclusão - Considerando que os dentes, ou a ausência deles têm o atributo de manter um registro permanente das ocorrências passadas, as perdas dentárias podem ser entendidas como seqüelas não apenas das doenças bucais, mas também do processo de exclusão social, econômica e cultural no decorrer da vida. Tal processo se materializa nas condições de vida, renda, moradia, trabalho, educação, entre outros, que só podem ser superadas mediante políticas sociais e econômicas que visem à redução do risco de doença e de outros agravos e ao acesso universal e igualitário às ações e serviços para sua promoção, proteção e recuperação (BRASIL, 1998), conforme determina o texto constitucional, de forma a garantir o direito à saúde / Introduction: The dental losses in adults are configured as a problem of public health. Given the relevance of the problem the World Organization of Health proposed as goal for the year 2000, that 75% of the adults between 35 and 44 years of age presented 20 teeth or more functional. Objective: to study the influence of the variables of individual, family level and of context in the occurrence of dental looses of more than 12 teeth in 40 year-old adults. Methodology: Through data obtained from an epidemical survey in oral health accomplished in 9 Basic care units of the Brazilian Public Health System located in the city of São Paulo, that develop the strategy of family health, associated to data of the Basic care National Data System of the national public health system, statistical analysis trough the qui-square test and multilevel analysis with a dependent variable the absence of more than 12 teeth based on M (missing) component of DMFT index ( M 12 and M > 12). Independent variables were obtained from 3 levels: level I are related to demographic aspects, socio-economical, family profile, housing, occupation, general health state of individuals and families, habits and oral health care; oral health self perception, access to oral health care and characteristics related to oral health. In second and third level 23 indicators were used based on the data of National Health System Data System from each care unit included in the research. These indicators are related to housing characteristics, socio-economical aspects, demographic and related to general health profile of individuals registered in the area and subareas. The multilevel model was set up through the Stepwise Forward Selection Procedure. Results - the sample was constituted of 241 individuals, and 58.9% presented 20 teeth or more. The independent risk factors for the occurrence of dental losses of 12 teeth or more were: monthly family income inferior to US$ 170 (OR=3.32 p = 0.001); demographic density in the home to an individual or more per room (OR = 2.15 p=0.032); belonging to black race or brown (OR=2.07 p=0.032); no member of the family to have private medical insurance (OR=2.20 p=0.046); to live in a micro region where 4.5% or more of the individuals with 15 years or more is illiterate (OR=2.45 p=0.012); to live in a micro region with percentile equal or superior to 1.25% of individuals with 15 old or more are alcoholic (OR=2.30 p=0.020). Conclusion - Considering that teeth or their absence has the attribute of maintaining a permanent record of previous incidents, the dental losses can be understood as the registration of the process of social, economical and cultural exclusion in elapsing of these people\'s life. Such process is materialized, in the life conditions, income, home, work and education that only can be overcome \"by social and economical politics that seek to the reduction of the risk of disease and of other grievances and to the universal and equalitarian access to the actions and services for it promotion, protection and recovery\"(BRASIL, 1998), as it determines the constitutional text, in order to guarantee the right to health.

Introdução - As perdas dentárias em adultos, configuram-se em um problema de saúde pública. Dada a relevância da problemática a Organização Mundial de Saúde propôs como meta para o ano 2000, que 75% dos adultos entre 35 e 44 anos de idade apresentassem 20 dentes ou mais funcionais. Objetivo Estudar a influência das variáveis de nível individual, familiar e de contexto na ocorrência de perdas dentárias superiores a 12 dentes em adultos de 40 anos de idade. Métodos Utilizando-se dados obtidos de um levantamento epidemiológico de saúde bucal realizado em 9 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, que desenvolvem a estratégia Saúde da Família, localizadas na zona leste do município de São Paulo, associados aos dados do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB), foram desenvolvidas análises estatísticas pelo teste de associação do qui-quadrado, e análise multinível, tendo como variável dependente a ausência de mais de 12 dentes, baseando-se no componente P (perdido) do índice CPO-D (P 12 e P>12). As variáveis independentes foram obtidas de 3 níveis. As relativas ao nível I envolvem aspectos demográficos; socioeconômicos; características da família, dos domicílios, da ocupação, da saúde geral dos indivíduos e do núcleo familiar; hábitos e cuidados com a saúde bucal; autopercepção da saúde bucal; acesso a serviços odontológicos, e características relativas à saúde bucal. No segundo e terceiro nível, trabalhou-se com 23 indicadores, construídos a partir do banco de dados do SIAB de cada uma das Unidades de Saúde envolvidas na pesquisa. Tais indicadores referem-se às características das moradias, aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos e relativos à saúde geral dos indivíduos cadastrados nas respectivas Áreas e Microáreas. O modelo multinível foi construído através do procedimento Stepwise Forward Selection Procedure. Resultados - A amostra foi constituída de 241 indivíduos, sendo que 58,9% apresentavam 20 dentes ou mais. Os fatores de risco independentes para a ocorrência de perdas dentárias superiores a 12 dentes foram: renda familiar mensal inferior à 170 dólares (OR=3,32 p= 0,001); densidade no domicílio superior a um indivíduo por cômodo (OR= 2,15 p=0,032); ser negro ou pardo (OR=2,07 p=0,032); nenhum membro da família ter plano de assistência médica (OR=2,20 p=0,046); residir em uma microárea onde 4,5% ou mais dos indivíduos com 15 anos ou mais são analfabetos (OR=2,45 p=0,012); residir em uma microárea com prevalência igual ou superior a 1,25% de alcoolismo entre os indivíduos com 15 anos ou mais (OR=2,30 p=0,020). Conclusão - Considerando que os dentes, ou a ausência deles têm o atributo de manter um registro permanente das ocorrências passadas, as perdas dentárias podem ser entendidas como seqüelas não apenas das doenças bucais, mas também do processo de exclusão social, econômica e cultural no decorrer da vida. Tal processo se materializa nas condições de vida, renda, moradia, trabalho, educação, entre outros, que só podem ser superadas mediante políticas sociais e econômicas que visem à redução do risco de doença e de outros agravos e ao acesso universal e igualitário às ações e serviços para sua promoção, proteção e recuperação (BRASIL, 1998), conforme determina o texto constitucional, de forma a garantir o direito à saúde / Introduction: The dental losses in adults are configured as a problem of public health. Given the relevance of the problem the World Organization of Health proposed as goal for the year 2000, that 75% of the adults between 35 and 44 years of age presented 20 teeth or more functional. Objective: to study the influence of the variables of individual, family level and of context in the occurrence of dental looses of more than 12 teeth in 40 year-old adults. Methodology: Through data obtained from an epidemical survey in oral health accomplished in 9 Basic care units of the Brazilian Public Health System located in the city of São Paulo, that develop the strategy of family health, associated to data of the Basic care National Data System of the national public health system, statistical analysis trough the qui-square test and multilevel analysis with a dependent variable the absence of more than 12 teeth based on M (missing) component of DMFT index ( M 12 and M > 12). Independent variables were obtained from 3 levels: level I are related to demographic aspects, socio-economical, family profile, housing, occupation, general health state of individuals and families, habits and oral health care; oral health self perception, access to oral health care and characteristics related to oral health. In second and third level 23 indicators were used based on the data of National Health System Data System from each care unit included in the research. These indicators are related to housing characteristics, socio-economical aspects, demographic and related to general health profile of individuals registered in the area and subareas. The multilevel model was set up through the Stepwise Forward Selection Procedure. Results - the sample was constituted of 241 individuals, and 58.9% presented 20 teeth or more. The independent risk factors for the occurrence of dental losses of 12 teeth or more were: monthly family income inferior to US$ 170 (OR=3.32 p = 0.001); demographic density in the home to an individual or more per room (OR = 2.15 p=0.032); belonging to black race or brown (OR=2.07 p=0.032); no member of the family to have private medical insurance (OR=2.20 p=0.046); to live in a micro region where 4.5% or more of the individuals with 15 years or more is illiterate (OR=2.45 p=0.012); to live in a micro region with percentile equal or superior to 1.25% of individuals with 15 old or more are alcoholic (OR=2.30 p=0.020). Conclusion - Considering that teeth or their absence has the attribute of maintaining a permanent record of previous incidents, the dental losses can be understood as the registration of the process of social, economical and cultural exclusion in elapsing of these people\'s life. Such process is materialized, in the life conditions, income, home, work and education that only can be overcome \"by social and economical politics that seek to the reduction of the risk of disease and of other grievances and to the universal and equalitarian access to the actions and services for it promotion, protection and recovery\"(BRASIL, 1998), as it determines the constitutional text, in order to guarantee the right to health.