This thesis comprises three chapters on topics in development economics. The first chapter studies access to maternal healthcare in markets with vertically differentiated public and private providers. The second chapter studies the efficacy of induction stoves in reducing indoor air pollution in rural households when faced with erratic power supply. Finally, the third chapter studies the role of financial incentives in correcting disparities in sex ratios. All three chapters study the context of India but are representative of important development issues in low-income countries. The first chapter titled "Equilibrium Effects of Subsidizing Public Services" studies one of India's largest welfare schemes Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) that incentivized pregnant women in India to access institutional maternal care at public hospitals. We argue that governments can make complementary investments to improve welfare gains from large scale policies. JSY did not improve health outcomes despite a substantial increase in the take-up of institutional care. We document three equilibrium responses that explain this policy failure. First, JSY led to a mismatch of risk across health facilities -- high-risk mothers sorted out of highest quality care at private facilities. Second, in line with the literature, public sector quality deteriorated as a result of congestion. This resulted in lower quality care for both marginal as well as infra-marginal patients at public hospitals. We show that only mothers with high socio-economic status adapted to the worsening quality of care at public hospitals by sorting into more expensive private hospitals. Third, despite increased competition, private hospitals maintained high prices, crowding out riskier and poorer mothers. We do not find evidence that private hospitals improved healthcare quality to justify higher prices. The second chapter titled "Electric Stoves as a Solution for Household Air Pollution" is an interdisciplinary field-based research study that studies the role of reliable electricity in inducing rural Indian households to switch away from dirty cooking fuels towards a clean cooking technology, induction cookstoves, thereby reducing the exposure to high levels of indoor air pollution. We collected minute-by-minute data on electricity availability, electric induction stove use, and kitchen and outdoor particulate pollution in a sample of rural Indian households for one year. Using within household-month variation generated by unpredictable outages, we estimate the effects of electricity availability and electric induction stove use on kitchen PM2.5 concentration at each hour of the day. Electricity availability reduces kitchen PM2.5 by up to 50 ??/?3, which is between 10 and 20 percent of peak concentrations during cooking hours. Induction stove use instrumented by electricity availability reduces PM2.5 in kitchens by 200-450 ??/?3 during cooking hours. The final chapter titled "Can Large-Scale Conditional Cash Transfers Resolve the Fertility-Sex Ratio Trade-off? Evidence from India" studies a large-scale conditional cash transfer (CCT) scheme Ladli Laxmi Yojana that offered cash incentives to households upon the birth of girl children. The policy also offered substantial incentive for investing in girls' education. In my evaluation of the Ladli Laxmi Yojana in Madhya Pradesh, India. I find that financial incentives aimed at the girl child increased average fertility by about 0.15 children per household (on baseline average of 0.93 children) children per household and improved sex-ratio by 3%. This points to the well known fertility-sex ratio trade-off. Moreover, these effects are quite opposite to a similar CCT scheme in Haryana (Anukriti, 2018) suggesting context dependence of such policies.

This dissertation analyzes the relationship between élites and urban spaces with the aim of creating a profile of municipal patronage of art and architecture in Italian cities during the late republican period (2nd and 1st centuries BCE). Starting from a discussion of the methods and the terms previously used by scholars (euergetism, munificence, etc.), the research delves into the civic and urban histories of Italian cities to study the interactions between monuments and society. With the aid of a substantial epigraphic dossier – as well as archaeological and literary sources – I discuss the actors, the processes, and the cultural aspects behind the construction of public buildings and monuments in late Hellenistic Italy. At the center of the work stand three case studies (Aquileia, Praeneste, and Pompeii), each offering a peculiar perspective on the topic. Thanks to the close reading of these cases, I offer new readings and conclusions on various problems connected with the social and economic history of Italian communities, the relationship between Rome and the Italian allies, and the development of Italian urbanism in the context of the Roman hegemonic expansion.

Research demonstrates that Black students deserve teachers who utilize culturallyresponsive pedagogy (CRP) and antiracist pedagogy to offer a high-quality education that is both engaging and affirming of their culture and life experiences. Unfortunately, many Black students are instead forced to navigate schools that do not center their culture or ways of knowing, but rather perpetuate the racism embedded within the U.S. education system. In suburban schools in particular, Black students rarely have access to teachers who represent their racial and cultural backgrounds, and this lack of representation and understanding amplifies the need for CRP and antiracist pedagogy. Further, existing research shows that preservice and current teachers rarely have access to the training and staff development that would prepare them to utilize these pedagogies (Warren, 2018). To offer the field more understanding about how teachers become culturally responsive and antiracist, this study explores the process that suburban public school teachers progress through to adopt these pedagogies, and the factors that inform this process. This study is informed by a theoretical framework that includes critical race theory, BlackCrit, and sociocultural context, and builds on the existing scholarship on Black students’ schooling experiences, teacher-student relationships, and CRP and antiracist pedagogy. Drawing on this existing research, I utilized qualitative data to explore suburban teachers’ perspectives, experiences and sense-making related to the process of becoming culturally responsive and/or antiracist. I conducted one-on-one interviews with 15 teachers who represent different racial/ethnic backgrounds, as well as a range of grade levels (K-12) and academic subjects. The participants all self-identify as educators who are committed to becoming culturally relevant and/or antiracist educators. They currently teach, or previously worked directly with, Black students in public suburban schools in the NYC metro area. The data from this study yielded three major takeaways. First, I found that the process of becoming a teacher who embodies culturally responsive and antiracist pedagogies is a journey that is informed by several factors, including lived experiences, key people that influence growth, and exploration of one’s own racial identity. To offer a clear illustration of how teachers progress through this process, I map the journey by offering specific details about the perspectives and practices that align with the beginning, middle and advanced phases of the journey. Importantly, this journey is nonlinear and unending, as being culturally responsive and antiracist requires continual learning and growth. Second, I find that strong teacher-relationships based in care play a key role in my participants’ journeys to adopting culturally responsive and antiracist pedagogies. I also find that teachers utilize unique approaches when demonstrating care and building relationships with Black students, as the teachers understood that Black students have unique experiences in school settings, especially those in suburban contexts. Further, I found that several factors inform teachers’ relationship-building approaches, with personal experiences and relationships being the most impactful. Importantly, I also find that when teachers work to build strong teacher-student relationships while also progressing through their journeys to adopting CRP and antiracist pedagogy, the relationships and pedagogies reinforce one another. The last key finding from this study explores the barriers that teachers encounter in their journeys to adopting culturally responsive and antiracist pedagogies. While the data demonstrated that several participants have successfully progressed through the journey to the point where they can now effectively implement CRP and antiracist pedagogy, I found that participants also faced two major barriers that impede their ability to effectively implement these pedagogies within their school contexts. The first barrier is the lack of focus on CRP and antiracist pedagogy in both teacher education and professional development sessions, including a lack of focus on the connection between student-teacher relationships and these pedagogies. The suburban contexts that the participants work within pose a second barrier, as the environments are rarely welcoming or conducive to work intended to advance racial equity. This study’s findings point to several implications for the field, including a need for changes to policy and practice, as shifting our schools toward becoming culturally responsive and antiracist requires significant support and resources. The findings also point to several opportunities for future research to further build the field’s knowledge about preparing teachers for CRP and antiracist pedagogy. Once our field knows more about this process, research such as this will help to better prepare teachers to offer Black students a high-quality education.

SOCIAL WORK / MA(SS) (SOCIAL WORK)

This thesis explores the potential of video as a research tool for anthropologists in the recording of a single ritual. The study examines interactions between ethnographers, informants and viewers. The thesis reveals the capacity of video to make possible close, detailed readings of performance in terms not originally anticipated by the researcher. Archival storage of the video recording allows for critique and assessment of the research. The case study chosen in which to test the potential of \ dcso as a research tool was a woman's 'initiation' r^L'ial (called inton jane) in Shixini in the Eastern Gape (in what was, until recently, the independent homeland of Transkei). Historically, the ritual was supposedly held at the time of a girl's first menstruation, this being the physical symbol of her transformation into adulthood. Ritual seclusion served to effect an accompanying social transformation in preparation for marriage. Paradoxically, in the late 1980's, it was older women and mothers, already married and well past the age of first menstruation, who were undergoing the ritual seclusion and symbolic marriage. The study explores this paradox with the goal of understanding the purpose of the ritual in contemporary times. By recording large segments of the ritual on video, and subjecting the footage to a close analysis of verbal and non-verbal aspects of performance, both the ritual and the merits of video as a research tool could be examined. Video was utilised, in an interactive research process, as an information elicitation tool. The analysis of the recorded text of the ritual brings to the fore elements which make what is apparently a paradox understandable. The elements which explicate the paradox were not anticipated when the research commenced, and in all likelihood would have eluded a researcher who did not have the benefit of the incidental capture on video. The thesis reveals the enormous Contribution video can make to research and suggests that video has an important contribution to make to the discipline of anthropology.

林曉燕. / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998. / 參考文獻: leaves 89-96. / 中英文摘要. / Lin Xiaoyan. / Chapter 第一章 --- 硏究的問題 --- p.1 / Chapter (一) --- “關係´ح的歷史 --- p.3 / Chapter (二) --- “關係´ح的模式：主要形式“關係´ح 和伸展形式“關係´ح --- p.5 / Chapter (三) --- “關係´ح和國家的關係 --- p.7 / Chapter (四) --- “關係´ح文化和儒家思想 --- p.9 / 硏究的意義 --- p.11 / 硏究方法 --- p.14 / Chapter 第二章 --- “關係´ح的連續性：四九年以後的發展 --- p.19 / Chapter 第一： --- 「同志情結」 --- p.20 / Chapter 第二 ： --- 「政治“關係´ح」 --- p.23 / Chapter 第三： --- 「經濟“關係´ح」 --- p.27 / 總結：“關係´ح是連續體 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三章 --- “關係´ح資本的獲取 --- p.34 / 香港工業的北移 --- p.34 / 珠江三角洲受僱的經驗 --- p.35 / 志輝電器廠資金(資本)的來源 / Chapter (一) --- 向出口公司貸款：國家政策和個人信譽的結合 --- p.37 / 退稅政策 --- p.39 / 額度 --- p.42 / Chapter (二) --- 新會鎭政府的支持 --- p.44 / Chapter (三) --- 朋友之情 --- p.47 / 人情債 --- p.48 / 不收“回佣´ح --- p.49 / 先取貨，後附錢 --- p.50 / 總結: / Chapter (一) --- 城市的“關係´ح結合了主要形式“關係´ح 和伸展形式“關係´ح --- p.51 / Chapter (二) --- “關係´ح和國家政策的結合 --- p.53 / Chapter (三) --- 實踐的經濟：“關係´ح資本？ --- p.53 / Chapter 第四章 --- 世間遊戲 / Chapter (一) --- 官商之間：銅鈑(錢幣)原理 --- p.58 / 支持地方慈善活動 --- p.59 / 志輝廠的經濟實力(經濟資本） --- p.60 / “關係´ح？法律？ --- p.61 / Chapter (二) --- 生意的遊戲規則 --- p.64 / 個案一：公私混合 --- p.66 / 個案二 ：以牙還牙 --- p.68 / 個案三：一點義氣 --- p.69 / 個案四：“關係´ح的破烈 --- p.71 / 經濟活動：主要形式“關係´ح和 伸展形式“關係´ح的結合 --- p.72 / Chapter (三) --- 工廠管理：ISO 9002的啓示 --- p.74 / 工廠管理：「家庭式」和 「制度化」的結合 --- p.75 / 總結:徘徊 --- p.77 / Chapter 第五章 --- 總結：“關係´ح文化 / Chapter (一) --- “關係´ح是歷史的連續體 --- p.79 / Chapter (二) --- 城市的“關係´ح：主要形式“關係´ح和 伸展形式“關係´ح的結合 --- p.81 / Chapter (三) --- “關係´ح和國家結構的共生 --- p.84 / Chapter (四) --- “關係´ح文化不是儒家思想的產物 --- p.86 / 中文參考書 --- p.89 / English Bibliography --- p.91

段玉明. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (p. 262-280). / 中英文摘要. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Duan Yuming. / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (p. 262-280).

SOCIAL WORK / MA(SS) (SOCIAL WORK)

This study examines the impact of white ethnic concentration on robbery and homicide in Chicago and New York City. As one of the first to disaggregate white ethnic populations, this study has the expectation that Italian-American concentration will have a stronger influence on robbery and homicide than any other white ethnic concentrations. This study is founded on prior qualitative research suggesting that the reputation of Italian-Americans influences the behavior of outsiders in their communities. The data show there is a significant and negative relationship between Italian-American concentration and the violent crimes robbery and homicide. This relationship only exists for white ethnic concentration with robbery. These patterns occur across both cities at three different aggregate levels. The results indicate that there may be particular characteristics about Italian-American ethnic concentrations which have dampening effects on the frequency of homicide and robbery in their communities; it is speculated that a reputation for Mafia involvement is one of the protective factors.

No abstract available / Development Studies / D.Admin.