Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / The study site is the Bo-Kaap area in Cape Town. Negative and positive changes within interrelated physical, social and economic spheres have resulted from gentrification, an urban development phenomenon. These changes need to be managed responsibly. This study problem sought to establish whether the traditional inhabitants of the Bo-Kaap are being replaced by a ‘new generation’ of inhabitants because of gentrification, and how negative and positive changes in the Bo-Kaap could be minimised and maximised respectively, through gentrification, by adopting a sustainable cultural tourism approach. A historical background of the Bo-Kaap reveals the history, culture and religion of this area, and highlights the special customs and traditions within the Bo-Kaap as potential areas of sustainable cultural tourism development to mitigate gentrification. A comprehensive literature review on gentrification and tourism as separate and interrelated development processes is presented. The literature review investigates gentrification and its effects as a phenomenon; the relative forms of gentrification across an international, national and local setting, refined to the Bo-Kaap; tourism and the nature of the industry and its development; and finally, tourism gentrification as an interconnected system.

Capes / Essa pesquisa pretende refletir sobre as interações socioculturais no uso técnico-estético da fotografia. Para tanto, seguiu-se uma metodologia de análises de imagens, e observações de práticas de oficinas de fotografia com jovens e crianças de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana, realizadas pela autora anteriormente a esse estudo. As análises basearam-se em estudos da imagem e semiótica visual. Contudo, tornou-se essencial estimular a compreensão dos sistemas de representações como construção social e possibilidades de expressão através da fotografia, tema desafiador em um tempo em que as representações visuais são naturalizadas, sem uma percepção crítica do que nos é colocado diante dos olhos. Partindo de um breve histórico da fotografia, seus modos de utilização na transformação social, buscou-se articular a prática e a apropriação fotográfica na construção do olhar de si, do outro e do entorno. Considerando a percepção um processo interativo e criador, atualizada nos usos da fotografia, tanto como linguagem quanto como aparato tecnológico, faz-se necessário despertar novos olhares e dar sentido a interpretações além das próprias imagens. / This research aims to reflect on the socio-cultural interactions in the techno-aesthetic use of photography. To do so, it was served as a method data analysis and observations of practices in photography workshops with youth and children in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, applied by the author before this research. The analyzes were based on studies of image and visual semiotics. Hence, it became essential stimulate the understanding of the systems of representations as a social construction, and the possibilities of expression through photography, challenging theme in a time when visual representations are naturalized, without having a critical awareness of what is placed in front of our eyes. We start with a brief historical analysis of photography, its modes of using it in social transformations, seeking to articulate the practice and photographic appropriation, the look construction the of yourself, of the others, and of the environment. Considering the perception as an interactive and creative process, and updated in different uses of photography, and it is used both as language and as a technological device, it became necessary to arouse new looks ans give more sensibility to other interpretations beyond the images themselves.

Capes / Essa pesquisa pretende refletir sobre as interações socioculturais no uso técnico-estético da fotografia. Para tanto, seguiu-se uma metodologia de análises de imagens, e observações de práticas de oficinas de fotografia com jovens e crianças de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana, realizadas pela autora anteriormente a esse estudo. As análises basearam-se em estudos da imagem e semiótica visual. Contudo, tornou-se essencial estimular a compreensão dos sistemas de representações como construção social e possibilidades de expressão através da fotografia, tema desafiador em um tempo em que as representações visuais são naturalizadas, sem uma percepção crítica do que nos é colocado diante dos olhos. Partindo de um breve histórico da fotografia, seus modos de utilização na transformação social, buscou-se articular a prática e a apropriação fotográfica na construção do olhar de si, do outro e do entorno. Considerando a percepção um processo interativo e criador, atualizada nos usos da fotografia, tanto como linguagem quanto como aparato tecnológico, faz-se necessário despertar novos olhares e dar sentido a interpretações além das próprias imagens. / This research aims to reflect on the socio-cultural interactions in the techno-aesthetic use of photography. To do so, it was served as a method data analysis and observations of practices in photography workshops with youth and children in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, applied by the author before this research. The analyzes were based on studies of image and visual semiotics. Hence, it became essential stimulate the understanding of the systems of representations as a social construction, and the possibilities of expression through photography, challenging theme in a time when visual representations are naturalized, without having a critical awareness of what is placed in front of our eyes. We start with a brief historical analysis of photography, its modes of using it in social transformations, seeking to articulate the practice and photographic appropriation, the look construction the of yourself, of the others, and of the environment. Considering the perception as an interactive and creative process, and updated in different uses of photography, and it is used both as language and as a technological device, it became necessary to arouse new looks ans give more sensibility to other interpretations beyond the images themselves.

The presence of human destitution, impoverishment and degradation in the midst of plenty has puzzled social thinkers for millennia. One of the oldest and grandest of theories: the theory of ideology attempts to provide an answer to the puzzle of domination in society. Michael Rosen, in his book On Voluntary Servitude (1996), argues that the solution provided by the theory of ideology is problematic. Furthermore, on the basis of his critique, Rosen argues that we should abandon the theory of ideology and consider alternatives to it. Even though many contemporary academics have turned away from the theory of ideology, because they view it as an imprisoning meta-theory, this study explores the possibility of there being a meta-theory that could help us to make sense of the world. Through an examination of Rosen's critique this thesis shows that Rosen is too quick in his dismissal of the theory of ideology because he fails to consider that a revised functionalist theory of ideology can be expanded to account for the mechanism(s) that ensure that, over time, the society in question acquires ideological consciousness to further its welfare. This thesis shows that Rosen is correct in his criticism of the theory of ideology's explanation of domination because the content, history and social effects of ideological consciousness cannot be fully explained in terms of their role in promoting or stabilising relations of domination. In light of Rosen's criticism the thesis shows that if one provides both an explanation of the psychological motivations of individuals and of the nature of the oppressive society in which they find themselves then what I call an integrated theory of ideology can be developed. In order to illustrate the importance of an integrated theory of ideology the study moves away from high-level theoretical abstraction to concrete social analyses, focusing on the work of Frantz Fanon and Steve Biko and their explanations of domination. The reason this study focuses on their work is because in their role as social scientists, Fanon and Biko provided a powerful critique of colonial, post-colonial and neo-colonial society. It will be argued that Fanon and Biko were able to provide a lasting critique of colonial reality because they offered their critique within the framework of such an integrated theory. Consequently, this study argues that, as Fanon and Biko's work illustrate, an integrated theory of ideology qua critical theory ought not to be abandoned because it is crucial for understanding and resisting forms of oppression that exist in the world today.

Through out this study ‘relational scenarios’ were seen as the possible outcomes of the expression of human-river relationships in a catchment. Working within Inglis’s (2008, pg. 10) comment that ‘the Human World Relationship is expressed through a person’s views and behaviour towards the natural world, which can be either constructive or destructive’, two relational scenarios were selected to represent these two predicted outcomes of human-environment (or in the case of this thesis human-river) relationships: IWRM, seen as constructive and mutually beneficial to both the social and ecological system, and the Tragedy of the Commons, seen as destructive and parasitic in nature. In respect to this assertion, a conceptual framework or model was developed and used to guide the inductive process of this research. Through a social survey (administered via semi-structured interviews) of stakeholders (water-users) in the Kat River Catchment, Eastern Cape, South Africa, social attitudes towards the Kat River were explored. These attitudes were considered as variables that relate to the expression of ‘Human World Relationships’ namely ‘values and behaviour’ (Inglis, 2008, pg. 10). The findings of this thesis confirm that attitudes are influential components of human-river relationships in the Kat River Catchment. It was observed from the findings that the attitudes individuals have towards the Kat River have the potential to influence the ways people interact with the River and its associated resources, and are in turn influenced by the condition of the River and connections people have or make with the River within their daily lives. Such relationships in turn affect the management of the River and its water resources and influence how individuals approach water-related issues and undertake the associated activities. Given this understanding it was then proposed that attitudes could provide information that enables the prediction of likely ‘relational scenarios’ (IWRM or the Tragedy of the Commons) in a catchment. The findings appear to support this proposal, and three main attitude groups (utilitarian, associative and dissociative) were identified and used to further the discussion into how this knowledge could be used in predicting possible relational scenarios based on human-river relationships. Further exploration of the identified attitude groups suggested that these variables are significantly influenced by environmental ethics and place attachment (present in the community) and a series of guiding frameworks were developed to facilitate the exploration of the attitude groups relative to these concepts. The frameworks were generated from the hypothesis that knowledge of attitude groups in a catchment, in connection with the relative degrees to which moral values and worldviews are expressed, could provide insight into the readiness of a catchment system for the implementation of IWRM and/or the facilitative steps needed to shift the influence of unfavourable attitude groups (i.e. dissociative attitudes). Such steps would most likely involve extensive educational, awareness and capacity building programs. Finally, given the above theoretical frameworks, inductively developed from the findings of the social survey and related literature, the conceptual model was reevaluated and extended to include the thesis findings and hypotheses. It is suggested that in a catchment where there is a balance between the expression of utilitarian and associative attitude groups, then there is a high probability of finding present evidence of mutually beneficial human-river relationships already in play, as well as ‘fertile soil’ for the promotion of IWRM and philosophies and skills that generate such relationships. Alternatively in an area with a strong expression of dissociative attitudes, it is more likely to find evidence of destructive, more parasitic-like relationships being expressed, and a lack of commitment and interest in being involved in changing the status quo. It is likely that where both associative and dissociative attitudes are present there will be an overlap of elements of both scenarios – a situation that is probable in most catchments – depending on the strength of expression of either attitude group the balance will shift (be shifting) between the two relational scenarios.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

La thèse porte sur la construction d'une identité spécifique chez les professeurs des écoles de musique: musicien et enseignant. La recherche s'intéresse aux personnes musiciennes qui suivent un cursus de formation initiale à l'enseignement musical spécialisé et montre, par l'analyse de différents parcours, comment l'identité de musicien s'articule avec l'identité d'enseignant.<p><p>In english <p>The thesis relates the construction of specific identity to the professors of the music schools: musicians and teachers. The research task concerns the study of musician people who follow an initial training specialized in musical teaching and shows, by the analysis of various training directions, how the identity of the musician turns around the teacher’s identity. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of a Degree of Master of Technology: Business Management, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 2017. / Positive women entrepreneurial support can change the entrepreneurial spirit, attitude and perceptions among the women communities with specific references to rural women in the northern region of KwaZulu-Natal province. A lot of previous research survey about how SMMEs can improve women’s socio-economic challenges did not properly include those women living in the rural places such as KwaZulu-Natal. This study aims to analyse the use of SMMEs as a strategic tool for women’s socio-economic empowerment in rural northern KwaZulu-Natal. The study was conducted within the rural areas of northern KwaZulu-Natal using qualitative method. The sample for the study consisted of 250 respondents of rural women SMMEs. The respondents were selected using quota sampling. Respondents were asked to complete 2 page questionnaires with an interviewer present to assist. The data analysis was done by using SPSS version 24.0. The results were presented through tables and bar graphs. The main aim of the study was to investigate and describe the use of SMMEs as a strategic tool, to identify factors influencing the use and to examine to what extent they affect the use of SMMEs as a strategic tool for women empowerment. The findings of the study reveals that rural women SMMEs are mostly affected by external factors while on the other hand they also indicated that lack of proper training and entrepreneurial education have impact on the day- to -day running of their businesses. The study was limited by the exploratory nature and small sampling size. Therefore, generalisation of the findings should be done with care and further research is encouraged and should include other places in the area. / M

This thesis focuses on the labour process within the minibus taxi industry in East London, South Africa. This industry is structurally situated within the informal sector or economy but is marked by contradictory processes of formalisation and in-formalisation. Though the taxi industry seems to straddle the formal and informal economies in South Africa, the study is conceptually framed in terms of the informal sector but in a critically-engaged fashion. The very distinction between formal and informal economies, whether in South Africa or elsewhere, is open to dispute; and, even if accepted, there are differing conceptualisations of the relationship between the ‘two’ economies. Also, the conceptual clarity of the term ‘informal economy’ has been subject to scrutiny, given the vast range of activities it is said to incorporate. While the distinction between formal and informal economies may be a useful conceptual starting-point, this thesis demonstrates that it is analytically useful to speak of degrees and forms of formalisation and in-formalisation along a continuum, rather than to dichotomize economies. The thesis therefore analyses in depth the competing and tension-riddled processes of formalisation and in-formalisation in the minibus taxi industry, and with a specific focus on the labour process.

In this thesis, I address the dichotomy between liberal arts education and terminal vocational training in the American community college. The need is for reform in the community college in relation to philosophical instruction in order to empower citizens, support justice and create more sustainable communities. My call for reform involves a multicultural integration of philosophy into terminal/vocational programs as well as evolving the traditional liberal arts course to exist in a multicultural setting. Special attention is focused on liberating the oppressed, social and economic justice and philosophy of education.