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Moral order as necessity and as impossibility : common sense, race and the difficulty of change among four 'poor white' families in NewcastlePeens, Michelle 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis examines the lives of four families in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal and what the situation in which these families find themselves tells us about race, poverty and social change in contemporary South Africa by using ethnographic participant observation techniques. Central to the thesis is a concern with contradiction expressed in the entanglement of these four families with a particular moral order. This moral order is the basis of continued material survival, but at the same time, it is not adequate to transform conditions of poverty nor to change feelings of entitlement, making it impossible for these families to imagine their condition as shared with other races. The problem appears to be just about individuals not thinking correctly about their position and about them not seeing how many South Africans are struggling to survive and therefore share similar difficulties. The thesis shows that the difficulties experienced have rather more to do with changing the families' common sense notions. Their common sense is grounded in material realities, in realties of institutions that provide for them but also dictate a particular way of seeing the world, a moral order. Common sense is embedded in the material practices of people, in how they inhabit space and make place for themselves, in how they interact with family, in how they work with the institutions that are the very condition of their survival, and in how they come to understand and judge the past. At the moments when the limits of the moral order become clear, it is then not the moral order that comes into question but rather it is reasserted through explanations based on particular structural changes as contingencies that reinforce the moral order rather than challenge it. It is at these moments that people reassert race since their common sense explanations seem limited. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die alledaagse lewens van vier families in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal en wat hul situasie ons kan vertel van ras, armoede en sosiale verandering in 'n kontemporêre Suid-Afrika gebasseer op deelnemende waarneming en etnografiese tegnieke. Sentraal tot die proefskrif is 'n fokus op die teenstrydigheid wat voorkom in die verstrengeling van hierdie vier families met 'n bepaalde morele orde. Hierdie morele orde is die grondslag vir voortgesette materiële oorlewing, maar terselfde tyd is dit nie voldoende om die kondisies van armoede te transformeer of om hul gevoelens van geregtigheid te verander nie en maak dit amper onmoonltik vir die families om hulle kondisie as gedeel en gemeenskaplik met ander rasse te sien. Die probleem blyk om meer te wees as net individue wat nie korrek nadink oor hul posisie nie of nie sien hoeveel ander Suid Afrikaners sukkel om 'n bestaan te maak nie en dus soortgelyke probleme ervaar. Die tesis wys dat dit het eerder te doen met 'n verandering in wat die families „weet‟ gebaseer op hulle gesonde verstand (common sense). Hulle gesonde verstand is gegrond in materiële realiteite, die realiteite van instellings wat vir hulle voorsiening maak en gevolglik die spesifieke wyse waarop hulle die wêreld sien dikteer; 'n morele orde. Hulle gesonde verstand is gegrond in die materiële praktyke van mense, in hoe hulle in ruimtes leef en plek maak vir hulself, in hoe hulle omgaan met familie, in hoe hulle te werk gaan met instellings wat die basis is vir hulle oorlewing en in hoe hulle sin maak van die verlede asook dit oordeel. In die oomblike wanneer die grense van die morele orde bereik word, is dit nie die morele orde wat bevraagteken word nie. Die morele orde word eerder gehandhaaf deur regverdigings gebasseer op spesifieke strukturele veranderings wat dit verder versterk, eerder as uitdaag. Dit is in hierdie oomblikke wat mense fokus op ras omdat hulle gesonde verstand se rationalisasies of regverdigings beperk is.
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Die vrou en moeder as faktor in die maatskaplike lewe van die Suidafrikaanse Inboorling VolkePrinsloo, H. F January 1930 (has links)
Tesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 1930. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: No Abstract Available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen Opsomming Beskikbaar
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Contraceptive knowledge and practices among students in federal polytechnic Kaduna, Nigeria : an exploratory studyZaggi, Hilary Yacham 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Population Reference Bureau (PRB) in 2011 reported a low rate of contraceptive use among Nigerian youths at 29%, despite reported high rates of sexual activity and increased awareness of the existence of contraceptive methods. This exposes the youths to the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections and the effects associated with unwanted pregnancy. From a social constructionist standpoint, I used a mixed method research design to explore contraceptive knowledge and practices among students (18 to 25 years of age) at the Federal Polytechnic Kaduna.
I see students’ attitudes towards contraception as being historically and culturally located and dependent on the prevailing cultural arrangement at that period. I thus distance myself from the position of the Health Belief Model (HBM) by recognising that individuals’ attitudes towards contraception is not only informed by the perceived benefits of contraceptive use but also by certain external social factors which could serve as barriers to the individual’s decision to use contraceptives. I collected data from 187 students out of a sample of 200 who had been systematically selected from the Departments of Mass Communication and Architecture at the polytechnic between August and September 2013. In addition, I conducted fifteen follow-up semi-structured interviews with students and three key informant interviews; two staff at the polytechnic clinic and one private pharmacist close to the polytechnic.
Similar to other Nigerian studies among tertiary students, there is a relatively high level of sexual activity as well as high level awareness of contraceptive methods among students; however, they lack sufficient knowledge of how contraceptives function. Contraceptive use among sexually active students was also low either due to negative attitudes towards contraceptives resulting from inadequate or incomplete contraceptive information from friends or due to lack of easy access to contraceptive methods by students, partners’ influence or influences from cultural, including religious, beliefs and practices, thereby making students vulnerable to the risk associated with unprotected sex. There is therefore the need for interventions by relevant stakeholders that will seek to provide adequate information to students and develop in them positive attitudes towards contraceptive use. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 2011 het Nigerië se Bevolkingsverwysingsburo (PRB) ’n lae gebruikskoers van kontrasepsiemiddels (29%) onder Nigeriese jeugdiges gerapporteer, afgesien van die hoë koers van seksuele aktiwiteit en verhoogde bewustheid oor die bestaan van kontrasepsiemetodes. Dit stel jongmense bloot aan die risiko om seksueel-oordraagbare infeksies op te doen, sowel as aan die negatiewe gevolge wat met ongewensde swangerskap gepaard gaan. Vanuit ’n sosiaal-konstruksionistiese standpunt het ek ’n gemengdemetodenavorsingsontwerp gebruik om kennis oor voorbehoedmiddels en gebruike onder studente (18 tot 25 jaar oud) aan die Federal Polytechnic Kaduna (’n politegniese tersiêre instelling) in noordelike Nigerië te ondersoek.
Ek beskou studente se ingesteldheid jeens kontrasepsie as histories- en kultuurgefundeerd en onderworpe aan die heersende kulturele reëlings van die tydperk. Ek distansieer my dus van die posisie van die gesondheidoortuigingsmodel (HBM) deur erkenning te gee aan die feit dat individue se ingesteldheid jeens kontrasepsie nie net deur die waargenome voordele van kontrasepsiegebruik ingelig word nie, maar ook deur bepaalde eksterne maatskaplike faktore wat struikelblokke kan skep by ’n individu se besluit om kontrasepsiemiddels te gebruik. Tussen Augustus en September 2013 het ek data van 187 studente uit ’n steekproef van 200, wat stelselmatig in die Departement Massakommunikasie en Argitektuur aan die Politegniese skool gedoen is, versamel. Verder het ek vyftien semigestruktureerde opvolgonderhoude met studente gevoer, asook drie sleutelinformantonderhoude, waaronder twee met personeellede by die Politegniese kliniek en een met ʼn privaat apteker in die omgewing van die Politegniese skool. Soortgelyk aan ander Nigeriese studies onder tersiêre studente het ek gevind dat ofskoon daar ’n relatief hoë seksueleaktiwiteitsvlak, asook ’n hoë bewustheidsvlak van kontrasepsiemetodes onder studente bestaan, die meeste studente onvoldoende ingelig was oor hoe kontrasepsiemiddels regtig werk. Daar is ook gevind dat kontrasepsiegebruik onder seksueel-aktiewe studente weens verskeie faktore redelik laag was, ingesluit negatiewe ingesteldhede oor kontrasepsiemetodes as gevolg van onvoldoende of onvolledige kontrasepsie-inligting (wat hoofsaaklik van vriende bekom is); ’n gebrek aan maklike toegang tot kontrasepsiemetodes; beïnvloeding deur seksmaats; asook invloede vanweë kulturele oortuigings en gebruike, met inbegrip van geloof. Die gevolg is dat studente kwesbaar is vir die risiko’s wat met onbeskermde seks gepaard gaan. Daar bestaan dus ’n behoefte aan intervensies deur die betrokke belanghebbendes wat studente van voldoende inligting sal voorsien en positiewe ingesteldhede oor die gebruik van kontrasepsiemiddels by studente sal kweek.
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“For better or worse” : domestic work and outsourced housecleaning services in StellenboschDu Toit, David 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the domestic work sector, the employment relationship between employer and domestic
worker has undergone various transitions over the years. The first transition saw the
transformation of a characteristically abusive master-servant employment relationship into a
madam-maid employment relationship. During this transition, domestic servants moved out
of masters’ houses and opt for live-out and part-time working arrangements. However, this
transformation did not improve domestic work much, as the employment relationship was
maternalistic in nature. Various authors documented how the personal maternalistic
employment was not only emotionally draining to both maid and madam, but also that maids
were still prone to exploitation by madams, as domestic work was not regulated by law. This
resulted in a second transition, where outsourced housecleaning service companies
transformed this personal maternalistic employment relationship into a triangular
employment relationship between manager, domestic employee (former domestic
servant/maid/domestic worker) and client (former master/madam/employer). The triangular
employment relationship creates distance between clients and domestic employees as
domestic employees are under the authority and supervision of a third person (the
manager/owner of housecleaning service company). In this study, these general trends are
analysed with reference to the evolution of domestic work in South Africa. While there have
been many studies focusing on domestic work, few studies have documented whether this
transition has transformed domestic work ‘for better or worse’ with reference to the growth in
housecleaning service companies in South Africa. This study attempts to fill this void by
analysing managers’, domestic employees’ and clients’ perspectives of two housecleaning
service companies in the Stellenbosch area. Throughout this study, every transition is
discussed in terms of nature of employment, employment relationship, working conditions
and benefits for both client and domestic employee. The final chapter tries to answer the
question whether housecleaning service companies are ‘for better or worse’ on both micro
and macro level and the need for future research in this field of academic endeavour is spelt
out. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die diensverhouding tussen werkgewer en huishulp het verskeie veranderinge oor die jare
ondergaan. Die eerste oorgang sien die transformasie van 'n kenmerkende beledigende
meester-dienaar in ʼn Mevrou-bediende diensverhouding. Gedurende hierdie oorgang, het
bediendes uit die huise van die meesters beweeg na ʼn leef-uit en deeltydse werk reëling.
Hierdie transformasie het egter nie huishoudelike werk verbeter nie, omdat die
diensverhouding maternalisties in aard is. Verskeie outeurs dokumenteer hoe die persoonlike
maternalistiese indiensneming nie slegs emosioneel dreineerend vir beide die Mevrou en
bediende is nie, maar ook dat bediendes uitgebuit is deur hul werkgewers, omdat
huishoudelike werk nie deur die wet gereguleer is nie. Dit het gelei tot 'n tweede oorgang,
waar uitgekontrakteerde huisskoonmaakdienste die persoonlike maternalistiese
diensverhouding in ʼn driehoekige diensverhouding tussen die bestuurder, werknemer
(voormalige dienaar/bediende) en die kliënt (voormalige Meester/Mevrou/werkgewer)
verander. Die driehoekige werksverhouding skep afstand tussen kliënte en werknemers,
omdat werknemers onder die gesag en toesig van 'n derde persoon (die bestuurder) is. In
hierdie studie, word hierdie algemene tendense met betrekking tot die evolusie van betaalde
huiswerk in Suid-Afrika geanaliseer. Alhoewel daar ʼn aantal hoeveelheid studies oor betaalde
huiswerk gedoen is, fokus min studies of hierdie oorgang, huishoudelike werk "vir beter of
slegter" verander het in terme van die groei in huisskoonmaakdienste in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie
studie poog om hierdie leemte te vul deur die ontleding van bestuurders, huishoudelike
werknemers en kliënte se perspektiewe van twee huisskoonmaakdienste in die Stellenboschomgewing
te analiseer. Deurgaans in hierdie studie, word elke oorgang bespreek in terme van
die aard van indiensneming, die diensverhouding, die werksomstandighede en voordele vir
beide die kliënt en die werknemer. Die finale hoofstuk probeer die vraag antwoord of
huisskoonmaakdienste huishoudelike werk "vir beter of slegter” verander het op beide die
mikro en makro-vlak en die noodsaaklikheid vir toekomstige navorsing in hierdie veld van
akademiese strewe word uitgespel.
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IBM Incorporated : an exploration of an Egyptian work ethic as constructed by South African expatriates working in CairoVan Wyk, Milandre Heidi 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sociologists concern themselves with exploring, describing and explaining that which is different, unknown or misunderstood. I will endeavour to focus on the latter. International migration and the emergence of a global village have compelled one to embrace the “other” with insight and vigour. This thesis explores the experiences of South African expatriates living in Cairo, Egypt. The primary objective of this study is to explore and describe the constructed experiences of South African expatriates working in Cairo. The purpose of my study, however, is not to delineate an Egyptian work ethic as a typology or an ideal type, but rather to reflect on the experiences of tension and divergencies as constructed by South African. The methodological framework underlying this thesis is that of interpretivism. A qualitative study, which included semi-structured interviews and observations, provided the researcher with rich and nuanced data. Theoretical approaches of Max Weber, particularly The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism and Weber’s incomplete works on Islam, are used. In agreement with Weber’s works, the main argument of this thesis is that an Egyptian work ethic is not solely fashioned through Islamic tenets per se, but that social, political and economic factors in Egypt are significant contributors. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is die moeilike taak van Sosioloë om die vreemde beide te verstaan en te beskryf ten einde sin te maak van ‘dit wat anders is’. Die fokus van hierdie tesis is juis ‘n poging tot die laasgenoemde. Die toenemende belangrikheid van internasionale migrasie vereis ‘n betekenisvolle interaksie met mense van ander kulture, geloof en waardestelsels. Hierdie tesis sal die ervaringe van Suid-Afrikaanse ekspatriote in ‘n Egiptiese werksomgewing ondersoek en die moontlike bronne van konflik identifiseer. Die primêre rol van die studie is om die subjektiewe konstruksies van ‘n Egiptiesewerksetiek, soos ervaar deur Suid-Afrikaners in Kairo, te identifiseer. Die doel is egter nie om ‘n spesifieke en akkurate werksetiek te beskryf as ‘n ‘ideale tipe’ nie, maar eerder om te besin oor die struwelinge wat Suid-Afrikaners in ‘n vreemde milieu ervaar in terme van hul Egiptiese kollegas en hoe hul hierdie struwelinge en verskille interpreteer. Eindelik word hierdie tesis geplaas in die globale wedywering tussen die Euro-Amerikaanse Weste en Islamietiese Ooste. ‘n Interpretatiewe metodologiese raamwerk word gebruik om data-insameling en -analise te benader. ‘n Kwalitatiewe studie, met behulp van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude en gepaardgaande observasies is gebruik om data te versamel. Die teoretiese werke van Max Weber, meer spesifiek, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, asook sy onvoltooide werke oor Islam, is gebruik om die navorsingsvrae te beantwoord. Samehangend met Weber se werke, is die deurlopende argument van die studie dat ‘n Egiptiese werksetiek nie alleenlik deur Islam en geloofswette gevorm word nie, maar dat die sosiale-, politiese- en ekonomiese realiteite van Egipte geweldig invloedryk is.
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Women of Steel : articulations of empowerment and livelihood practices in the Dwars River Valley, Western CapeVan der Heijden, Ingrid 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--Stellenbosch University, 2009. / ENGLISH SUMMARY: Women’s livelihoods are not only experienced differently, but are articulated in different ways. This
dissertation begins from the understanding that women’s livelihoods are processual, complex and
contextual. They are embedded in multifarious processes, structures, discourses and everyday practices,
which are locally defined and globally linked. This thesis interrogates women’s articulations of
empowerment and agency that were central to their community and entrepreneurial activities. Women’s
social actions and responses to constraints and transformation they encountered in the valley were sites of
struggle.
Informed by local women’s perspectives and articulations of empowerment, this ethnography focuses on
how women practiced their livelihoods: how they manoeuvred, negotiated and performed their livelihood
tactics in response to local, national and global constraints. The study narrates how women in a rural valley
in the Winelands of the Western Cape (South Africa) spoke of how they felt ‘empowered’ despite
constraints. They claimed that they exhibited productive moments and harnessed opportunities to rise above
constraints. They felt that in general men in their communities were passive in their response to crisis in the
valley. Women’s narratives of empowerment in the Dwars River Valley invoked ideas of ‘women of steel’
and ‘moments’ of agency. These helped to re-fashion local gender orders and rehabilitate notions of
‘appropriate’ women’s work. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bestaanswyses van vroue word nie slegs in die uitleef daarvan waargeneem nie, maar is dikwels ook ‘n
fokus van gespreksvoering. Die uitgangspunt van hierdie tesis is dat vroue se bestaanswyses metodies,
kompleks en kontekstueel is. Dit word begrond deur uiteenlopende prosesse, strukture, diskoerse, en
alledaagse gebruike wat plaaslik gedefinieer word en globaal gebonde is. Hierdie tesis ondersoek vroue se
artikulasie van bemagtiging en agentskap wat sentraal tot hul gemeenskap en entrepreneurskap aktiwiteite
staan. Vroue se sosiale handelinge en reaksies tot struikelblokke en transformasie wat hulle in die vallei in
die gesig gestaar het, is beduidend van ‘n plek van worsteling.
Hierdie etnografie word toegelig deur plaaslike vroue se perspektiewe en artikulasie van bemagtiging en
fokus op hoe hulle hul bestaanswyse beoefen het: hoe vroue bestaanswyse taktieke gemanipuleer,
onderhandel en ook uitgevoer het as reaksie op plaaslike, nasionale en globale beperkinge. Hierdie studie
vertel hoe vroue in ‘n landelike vallei van die Wynlande in die Wes-Kaap (Suid-Afrika) praat oor hoe hul
‘bemagtig’ voel, ten spyte van beperkinge. Hulle voer aan dat hul produktiewe oomblikke vertoon en
gebruik maak van geleenthede om bo beperkinge uit te styg. Hulle voel dat mans oor die algemeen passief
in hul reaksie op krisis is. Vroue se verhale van bemagtiging in die Dwars Rivier Vallei roep beelde op van
‘vroue van staal’ en ‘oomblikke’ van agentskap. Dit het bygedra tot die herskepping van plaaslike gender
rolle en die hervestiging van idees oor ‘gepaste’ werk vir vroue.
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The validity endeavourJames, Megan 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Qualitative and quantitative research implies different meta-theoretical approaches to knowledge production. The former maintains a constructivist and interpretative perspective, as opposed to the latter, which exists within a realist and even positivist paradigm. Within the field of research methodology, the dominant conceptualisation of validity is based on a positivist discourse, which suggests that (social) scientific research should strive to attain an ultimate truth. This understanding of validity is difficult to achieve within a research paradigm that values the idiosyncratic world views of the participants under investigation. The introduction of CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), however, brought with it the hope that its application would confer upon qualitative research the rigour associated with validity in a mainly positivist interpretation of the research process.
The ultimate goal of this thesis is to determine whether CAQDAS can make a significant contribution to efforts aimed at validating qualitative research. The research design employed in the present study is that of a descriptive content analysis, focussing on scientific articles that not only report qualitative studies, but also make explicit reference to the use of CAQDAS, and describe validation techniques applied during the research process. Purposive sampling was applied to select 108 articles, published from 1996 to 2009, that meet the sampling criteria and that were identified through online searches of various bibliographic databases and search engines.
The study investigates three predominant research questions concerned with the following: (1) the most commonly used software programmes; (2) trends in CAQDAS use over time; as well as (3) the validation techniques reported in examined scientific articles, distinguishing between techniques that are performed with and without the use of CAQDAS.
With regard to the first two research questions, it was found that the three most commonly used software programmes are QSR N programmes (including NUD.IST, NVivo, N4, N5 and N6), followed by Atlas.ti and MAXqda (including the earlier version winMAX), and that there has been a general increase over
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the past 13 years (1996-2009) in the number of qualitative research articles reporting CAQDAS use.
The exploration of validation techniques utilised in qualitative research, as reported in the examined scientific articles, demonstrated that the techniques are in most cases performed manually. Although CAQDAS offers many benefits, the predominant validation techniques reported can be, and still are, performed without CAQDAS. Techniques that would have been impossible without CAQDAS are based on the data display features of CAQDAS, as well as on the accuracy and consistency offered by CAQDAS in the execution of certain actions. The findings generated by this study seem to support the hypothesis that CAQDAS per se does not enhance validity, since it is predominantly utilised as merely a research tool. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsing is gegrond op verskillende meta-teoretiese benaderings tot die lewering van inligting. Eersgenoemde handhaaf ‘n konstruktivistiese en interpretatiewe perspektief, teenoor laasgenoemde, wat binne ‘n paradigma bestaan wat gegrond is op realisme en positivisme. Binne die veld van navorsingsmetodologie, is die oorwegende konseptualisering van geldigheid, gebaseer op ‘n positivistiese diskoers, wat voorstel dat (sosiale) wetenskaplike navorsing daarna moet streef om ‘n absolute waarheid te bereik. Hierdie begrip van geldigheid word moeilik verwesenlik binne ‘n navorsingsparadigma wat waarde heg aan die ideosinkratiese wêreldbeskouinge van die navorsingsdeelnemers. CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), is bekend gestel met die hoop dat die gebruik daarvan kwalitatiewe navorsing sal verleen met stiptheid wat met geldigheid geassosieer word, oorwegend binne ‘n positivistiese interpretasie van die navorsingsproses.
Die oorkoepelende doelwit van hierdie tesis is om vas te stel of CAQDAS enige betekenisvolle bydrae kan maak tot pogings om die geldigheid van kwalitatiewe navorsing te verbeter. Die navorsingsontwerp van die huidige studie is die van ‘n beskrywende inhoudsanalise, wat fokus op wetenskaplike artikels wat nie net berig oor kwalitatiwe studies nie, maar ook verwys na die gebruik van CAQDAS, en die geldigheidstegnieke wat tydens die navorsingsproses toegepas is, bespreek. Doelgerigte steekproeftrekking is toegepas en 108 artikels, wat gepubliseer is vanaf 1996-2009, was geselekteer op grond van die feit dat hulle aan die seleksie kriteria voldoen. Die artikels was geïdentifiseer deur aanlyn soektogte van verskeie bibliografiese databasisse en soekenjins.
Die studie ondersoek drie oorwegende navorsingsvrae met betrekking tot die volgende: (1) die sagteware programme wat die meeste gebruik word; (2) neigings in die gebruik van CAQDAS oor verloop van ‘n tydperk; sowel as (3) die geldigheidstegnieke wat in die ondersoekte wetenskaplike artikels
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gerapporteer word, deur onderskeid te tref tussen tegnieke wat met of sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer word.
Met verwysing na die eerste twee navorsingsvrae, was dit gevind dat die drie algemeenste sagteware programme wat gebruik is, QSR N programme (insluitend NUD.IST, NVivo, N4, N5 en N6), gevolg deur Atlas.ti en MAXqda (insluitend die vroëere weergawe winMAX) is, en dat daar oor die algemeen ‘n toename is in die getal kwalitatiewe navorsingsartikels oor die afgelope 13 jaar (1996-2009), wat die gebruik van CAQDAS rapporteer.
Die ondersoek na geldigheidstegnieke wat in kwalitatiewe navorsing gebruik word, soos berig in die ondersoekte wetenskaplike artikels, het getoon dat die tegnieke in die meeste gevalle sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer is. Ten spyte van die feit dat die gebruik van CAQDAS voordele inhou, word die meerderheid geldigheidstegnieke wat gerapporteeer word, steeds sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer. Tegnieke wat nie sonder die hulp van CAQDAS uitegevoer kon word nie, is gebaseer op die data vertoningsvermoë van CAQDAS, sowel as op die akkuraatheid en konsekwentheid waarmee CAQDAS sekere opdragte uitvoer. Die bevindinge wat gegenereer is deur hierdie studie blyk asof dit die hipotese ondersteun dat CAQDAS nie opsig self die geldigheid versterk nie, aangesien dit oorwegend bloot as ‘n navorsingsinstrument gebruik word.
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Racial discourse among white Afrikaans-speaking youth : a Stellenbosch case studyBarnard, Jana 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study seeks to present a picture of the racial discourses circulating among white
Afrikaans-speaking youth in South Africa, with closer focus to students at the Stellenbosch
University (SU). Fifteen years into democracy, Afrikaans-speaking whites find themselves in
a position where their ‘Afrikaner’ identity does not enjoy the same government-supported
security as under apartheid. The responsibility is thus shifted onto white Afrikaans-speakers
themselves to negotiate and secure this identity in the light of new challenges brought on
by the post-apartheid context. In this regard, the white Afrikaans-speaking youth, in
particular, are faced with the ambivalence of being both exposed to a habitual scheme of
normalised racial divisions, as well as to a context where ‘old’ frameworks need to be
transcended in the name of survival in multi-racial South Africa.
SU, a historically white, predominantly Afrikaans-medium university, is currently faced with
the challenges of government-induced transformation and the attended ‘language debate’,
the aims of which are to make the university more accessible to non-white sectors of society
who, under apartheid, was excluded from this institution. Making use of interviews and
participant observation among students on the SU campus, an attempt was made to shed
light onto the types of discourses employed by white Afrikaans-speaking Stellenbosch
students to negotiate their position in this setting, as well as to determine to what extent
such discourses are racially based. With the help of a social anthropological approach to
discourse analysis, the discourses encountered during fieldwork were considered within the
context of macro-historical processes, and were conceptualised as complex sets of
meanings produced within the context of interaction, appropriated and employed by
individuals, strategically and artistically, in response to moment to moment situations.
It is argued that these discursive processes are immensely complex, as it is influenced and
shaped by a plethora of factors. These youth are, firstly, faced with a received framework in
which dualistic and racial distinctions are subconsciously reproduced. Secondly, they take
part in a rhetoric in which group boundaries manage to reproduce itself and, lastly, they are
exposed to a popular discourse, reinforced by the media, that strongly relies on race-based
sense-making. However, politically induced transformation ideals do call for a readjustment
of priorities within white ‘Afrikaner’ discourse and students have been observed to respond
to this in creative ways. Finally, it is argued that the heavy emotional baggage accompanying
the race topic, exacerbated by media emphasis and the ‘racist taboo’, can lead to denial and
indifference among white Afrikaans-speakers so that no space is created for constructive
engagement with the topic. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om ‘n voorstelling van ‘ras-diskoers’ daar te stel soos wat dit
onder die wit Afrikaanssprekende jeug in Suid-Afrika voorkom, met spesifieke verwysing na
studente van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (US). Tydens die skryf van hierdie tesis is dit
reeds vyftien jaar in die ‘nuwe Suid-Afrika’. Waar Afrikaanssprekende blankes se ‘Afrikaner’
identiteit destyds deur die apartheidsregering beskerm en bevorder is, berus die
verantwoordelikheid tans op hierdie groep self om hul identieitsbelange te beskerm en te
onderhandel in die lig van nuwe uitdagings. In hierdie opsig is die fokus veral op die jeug
aangesien die raamwerke wat dikwels tuis aan hul oorgedra is, nou moet plek maak vir ‘n
nuwe manier van dink wat aanpas by blootstelling aan veelrassigheid op alle gebiede in
Suid-Afrika, in hierdie geval op die universiteitskampus.
Die US, ‘n histories wit, hoofsaaklik Afrikaans-medium universiteit, word tans in die gesig
gestaar deur kwessies rondom ‘transformasie’ en die ‘taaldebat’, deurdat aan die regering
se vereistes voldoen moet word om die instelling meer toeganklik te maak vir ‘n sektor van
die samelewing wat onder apartheid toegang tot sulke universiteite geweier is. Met behulp
van onderhoude en deelnemende waarneming by die US is gepoog om vas te stel hoe wit
Afrikaanssprekende studente in hierdie konteks hul eie posisie verstaan en onderhandel, en
tot watter mate die diskoers waarmee hul sin maak van hul omgewing, ras-gebaseerd is. Die
studie maak gebruik van ‘n sosiaal-antropologiese benadering tot diskoers analise. In hierdie
opsig word diskoers beskou binne die konteks van makro-historiese prosesse, en word dit
verstaan as betekenis wat op komplekse wyse gegenereer word tydens interaksie,
betekenisse wat op hul beurt strategies en op kreatiewe wyses toegeëien en aangewend
word in reaksie op situasies.
Daar word aangedui hoedat die diskursiewe praktyke wat hierdie diskoers ondelê, uiters
kompleks is deurdat dit beïnvloed en gevorm word deur ‘n verkeidenheid van faktore.
Eerstens is daar ‘n oorgeërfde raamwerk waarin dualistiese raamwerke wat ras-onderskeid
reproduseer, onbewustelik seëvier. Tweedens is daar ‘n landwye kulturele retoriek wat die
idee van grense tusen groepe as onoorbrugbaar voorstel, en laastens word ‘n populêre
diskoers, wat sterk staatmaak op ‘n ras-gebaseerde verstaan van die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing, dikwels deur die media versterk. Ten spyte van bogenoemde, is daar egter ook
waargeneem hoedat studente grootliks bewus is van die polities-gemotiveerde
transformasiedoelwitte wat vereis dat die prioriteite vervat in wit Afrikaanssprekende
diskoers, daarby aanpas. Laastens word egter ook geredeneer dat die swaar emosionele
bagasie wat met die ras-onderwerp gepaard gaan, onder andere die groot taboe rondom
‘rassisme’, op die ou end onder wit Afrikaasnsprekende student lei tot apatie en ignorering
van die onderwerp, wat konstruktiewe bespreking daaroor kan belemmer.
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Qualitative Internet research : its objects, methods and ethical challengesSchier, Christa Marianne 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / Please refer to full text for abstract
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The current relevance of populist history in schools : the attitudes of Cape Town youth to historyBam, June Catherine 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis exanunes whether the historical consciousness of grade 10 youth would
increase should there be an intervention facilitated for this purpose, that is that they
would show a heightened consciousness of the relation between school history and
current affairs, politics and other societal issues. This intervention comprises the My New
World text produced within the populist historiographical tradition in South Africa. The
notion of historical consciousness is defined as the complex relation between an
interpretation of the past, a perspective of the present and expectations of the future
ROsen (1989; 1994).
The investigation comprised a theoretical and empirical component. The theoretical
component is informed by the theories of epistemology, knowledge, schooling and
curriculum. The empirical component is based on the Youth and History Survey
conducted on historical consciousness amongst youth in Europe in the early 1990s. Both
this study and the European study were conducted during periods of political transition.
The chosen research methodology was that of triangulation, combining quantitative with
qualitative methods. The quantitative component was based on the measurement used in
the European study, and comprised an experimental pre-test and post-test research
design, measuring "inside school" and "outside school" historical consciousness. The
study was conducted in 8 grade 10 classrooms at 8 schools in Cape Town, representative
of class, race, language and gender. The teachers acted as facilitators of the intervention.
The conclusion reached in the research is that although the intervention resulted in an
increased enthusiasm amongst individuals for school history and interest in political
issues and an understanding for the present as in evidence from the qualitative data, this
was not reflected in the quantitative data which showed no significant increase in the
"inside school" nor "outside school" historical consciousness amongst youth of average
15 years in grade 10 history classrooms in Cape Town. It can therefore not be empirically
concluded that when youth are exposed to populist history over a limited period that they would show an increased "outside school" or "inside school" historical consciousness
even though an intervention might aim to increase such a consciousness. A significant
finding is that the case for an already existent historical consciousness related to the
variables of class and gender holds. Instead of increasing the levels of historical
consciousness, the intervention resulted in a surfacing of long-held attitudes, perceptions
and beliefs of people, society, the past, the present and the future. The intervention
succeeded in bringing these complex layers of variables and related factors that impact on
perceptions and attitudes to the surface. Given this complexity, it was also concluded that
an empirical study of historical consciousness amongst youth through an intervention
over a limited period of time is risky, if not of little value. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die vraag of die historiese bewussyn van graad 10-leerders sal
toeneem indien daar vir hierdie doe I 'n intervensie sou plaasvind, met ander woorde of
hulle 'n verhoogde bewussyn van die verhouding tussen die yak Geskiedenis op skool en
sake van die dag, die politiek en ander gemeenskapsake sal aantoon. Die tersaaklike
intervensie behels die teks van My New World wat daargestel is binne die raamwerk van
die populistiese historiografiese tradisie in Suid-Afrika. Die begrip 'historiese bewussyn'
kan omskryf word as 'n komplekse verhouding tussen die interpretasie van die verlede, 'n
perspektief oor die hede, en verwagtinge oor die toekoms (Rusen 1989; 1994).
Die ondersoek bevat 'n teoretiese sowel as 'n empiriese komponent. Die teoretiese
komponent is gebaseer op epistemologiese, onderwys- en kurrikulumteoriee. Die
empiriese komponent vind sy grondslag in die Youth and History Survey ondersoek oor
historiese bewussyn wat in die vroee 1990' s onder Europese jongmense geloods is.
Beide hierdie studie en die Europese navorsing is in tye van politieke oorgang
onderneem.
Die navorsingsmetode wat gebruik is, is die van triangulasie wat uit 'n kombinasie van
kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metodes bestaan. Die kwantitatiewe komponent lS
gebaseer op die meting wat in die Europese studie gebruik is, en bestaan uit 'n
eksperimentele voor- en natoets navorsingsontwerp wat die historiese bewussyn "binne"
en "buite" skoolverband meet. Die studie is geloods in agt graad 10-klaskamers by agt
skole in Kaapstad wat klas, ras, taal en geslag verteenwoordig het. Die betrokke
onderwysers het as fasiliteerders vir die intervensie opgetree.
Die gevolgtrekking waartoe in die ondersoek geraak is, is dat, alhoewel die intervensie tot
verhoogde entoesiasme vir Geskiedenis as skoolvak en tot belangstelling in politieke kwessies en
'n begrip van die hede onder individuele leerders gelei het (soos afgelei kon word uit
kwalitatiewe data), hierdie tendens nie weerspieel is deur die kwantitatiewe data nie:
eersgenoemde het nie 'n beduidende verhoging in die historiese bewussyn "binne" of "buite"
skoolverband onder leerders met 'n gemiddelde ouderdom van 15 jaar getoon nie. Daar kan dus
nie empiries tot die gevolgtrekking geraak word dat wanneer leerders vir 'n beperkte tyd aan
populistiese geskiedenis blootgestel word, hulle 'n verhoogde historiese bewussyn "binne" of
"buite" skoolverband sal aantoon nie, selfs al sou so 'n intervensie dit weI ten doel he om so 'n
bewussyn te verhoog. 'n Beduidende bevinding is dat daar 'n saak uitgemaak kan word vir 'n
reeds bestaande historiese bewussyn wat in verband staan met die veranderlikes van klas en
geslag. In plaas daarvan om die vlakke van historiese bewussyn te verhoog het die intervensie
die gevolg gehad dat lank bestaande houdings, persepsies en oortuigings oor mense, die
gemeenskap, die verlede, die he de en die toekoms, na die oppervlak beweeg het. Die intervensie
het dus daarin geslaag om hierdie komplekse lae veranderlikes en verwante faktore wat
persepsies en houdings beinvloed, na die oppervlak te bring. In die lig van die kompleksiteit
hiervan, is daar ook tot die gevolgtrekking geraak dat 'n empiriese studie van historiese
bewussyn onder jongmense oor 'n beperkte tyd deur middel van intervensie riskant is, indien nie
van min waarde nie.
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