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Attitudes of rural men towards the advancement of rural women : a study of Thandanani and Umngazi maize producing projectsNeno, Thembisile Wiseman 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / The South African woman, due to political and social change, has a totally new role to play in the workplace. The study focused on attitudes by men towards black rural women who are participating in the upper echelons of rural economic development and have to display their full potential in positions previously and traditionally reserved for rural men. The research was conducted in the Port St John’s irrigation maize producing projects of Thandanani and Umngazi. The study develops and investigates the hypothesis that rural men have negative attitudes to the advancement of rural women.
The researcher uses the theory of social closure, that originated from Max Weber, within which rural women’s upward mobility and resistance of men thereto can be placed. Social closure refers to the phenomenon that a hierarchical or stratified social system tends to develop in which an elite group seeks to maximize rewards by restricting access to resources to a limited circle of the eligible. In this a top-down process of exclusion and the limitation of opportunities, originating from rural men, is assumed. In contrast, rural women may attempt to gain access to opportunities enjoyed by rural men through a process of usurpation. In order to investigate these possibilities a social attitude survey was conducted among 45 male members of the Thandanani and Umngazi maize producing projects. Questionnaires in Xhosa language and based on summated rating scales were used.
The rural men’s attitudes towards women were found to be differentiated. On the one hand, positive attitudes were found that support the advancement of women, accept equal opportunities and their creativity and helpfulness. On the other hand, sexist attitudes were observed that perceive women to be less capable and inherently inferior to men. Men, as the resourceful in-group, believe and think themselves as superior to women as the inferior out-group who as a result occupies lower positions of wealth and power. Men perpetuate their advantageous position and pass it to their offspring. These findings are borne out by literature where it is stated that men undermine cooperation between men and women in decision-making (Colclough 1999), regard women as minors (Cross et al 1988; Lessing 1994), and do not see them as relevant and worthy (Epstein 1970). Men are seen to have a desire to protect their advantage and create rules of distribution of resources to their own favour (Nel 2003).
Development projects towards the advancement of women, who are believed to be inferior and incapable, are therefore deemed to fail. It is recommended that all agencies should adopt and implement equal opportunity programmes, feminists need to explore possibilities and give attention to how and in what areas men can be approached to enlist support in the struggle for women’s opportunities and rights; and cooperatives be established to break gender stereotypes through training and removal of boundaries that created occupational segregation between the genders.
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The utility of university-industry partnerships : a case study of the University of Cape Town (UCT) and SASOLCele, Mlungisi B. Gabriel, Mouton, Johann 12 1900 (has links)
116 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages i-viii and numbered pages 1-106. Includes bibliography. / Scanned using a Hp Scanjet 8250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR). / Thesis (MPhil (Sociology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa few systematic studies have been done on university-industry partnerships. This research investigated the evolution of the University of Cape Town (UCT) and SASOL partnership involving heterogeneous catalysis. As part of this investigation, I analysed the driving force and sought to determine the motivations and benefits that UCT and SASOL have since accrued as a result of their partnership. I also analysed knowledge transmission or technology transfer processes such as the hiring of graduates, intellectual property etc. In light of all of these I sought to draw lessons that could be learnt from UCT-SASOL partnership for future purpose. I followed four themes or sections in order to situate the study. These were, (a) the socio-economic context (global and knowledge economy, innovation, knowledge society etc.), the changing modes of knowledge production ("Mode 2") and the changing ways of interactions among stakeholders industry, university and government (Triple Helix). The key argument here is that the university industry partnership cannot be seen as an independent development, but is interrelated or partly the consequence of changes in the socio-economic, science, technology and higher education fields, (b) The driving force behind the partnership, (c) motivations, benefits, and (d) knowledge or technology transfer/transmission processes. I used the case study research design. I conducted interviews with the UCT Chemical Engineering Department, UCT Centre for Research and Innovation and SASOL officials. I collected several documents related to the study and also visited the laboratories in which UCT-SASOL partnership research activities were happening. Some of the findings of the study include the following. The partnership demonstrates the significant role of an individual academic, who steered transformation in terms of research activities and culture in the Chemical Engineering Department. The legacy of the individual academic's strong personality and commitment to research is evident and continues to stimulate high levels of research interest and teamwork among staff members which is characteristic of this department. A strong link is maintained between the basic disciplinary "Mode 1" teaching and research on the one hand and the multidisciplinary "Mode 2" applied and strategic research and training on the other: This is evident in the strong emphasis on the solid undergraduate disciplinary education as a basis for a high quality multidisciplinary postgraduate education. All staff members are involved in both teaching and research. A strong link is maintained between academic, research and postgraduate activities: The department utilizes surpluses generated through industrial-oriented research to cross-subsidize the academic and postgraduate activities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is weinig sistemiese studies in Suid-Afrika reeds uitgevoer oor universiteit-industrie samewerking. Hierdie studie ondersoek die ontwikkeling van 'n vennootskap tussen die Universiteit van Kaapstad (UK) en SASOL wat heterogene katalise insluit. Ek analiseer in hierdie studie die dryfkrag van die vennootskap, en probeer die motivering en voordele bepaal wat beide die UK en SASOL toegekom het as deel van hulle vennootskap. Ek analiseer ook die oordrag van kennis of oordrag van tegnologiese prosesse, die aanstelling van graduandi, intellektuele eiendom, ens. Ek probeer op grond hiervan lesse van die UK-SASOL vennootskap uitlig vir toekomstige doeleindes. Ek het vier temas of afdelings gebruik om hierdie studie te vestig. Dit is, (a) die sosio-ekonomiese konteks (globale en kennis ekonomie,innovasie, kennis samelewing ens.), die veranderende modus van kennis produksie ("Modus 2") en die veranderende wyses van interaksie tussen belanghebbendes - industrie, universiteit en regering (Triple Helix). Die sleutel argument hier is dat die universiteitindustrie vennootskap nie gesien kan word as 'n onafhanklike ontwikkeling, maar dat dit verband hou met of deel is van die gevolge van die veranderinge in die sosio-ekonomiese, wetenskap, tegnologie en hoer onderwys arenas; (b) die dryfkrag agter die vennootskap; (c) motivering en voordele; en (d) die oordrag van kennis of tegnologie/oordrag van prosesse. Ek gebruik die gevallestudie metodologie in hierdie studie. Ek het onderhoude gevoer met die UK Chemiese Ingenieurswese Departement, die UK Sentrum vir Navorsing en Innovasie, asook die SASOL betrokkenes. Ek het die projekdokumentasie versamel en het ook die laboratoriums besoek waarin die navorsingsaktiwiteite van die UK-SASOL vennootskap plaas vind. Die bevindinge van hierdie sluit dus die volgende in. Die vennootskap demonstreer die belangrike rol van 'n individuele akademikus wat transformasie bewerkstellig het in terme van navorsingsaktiwiteite en die kultuur in die Chemiese Ingenieurswese Departement. Die nalatenskap van die individuele akademikus se sterk persoonlikheid en toewyding tot navorsing is duidelik en stimuleer steeds hoe vlakke van belangstelling in die navorsing en spanwerk in die departement. Dit is ook een van die kenmerke van hierdie departement. Daar is 'n sterk skakel gehandhaaf tussen die basiese dissiplinere "Modus 1" onderrig en navorsing aan die een kant, en die multidissiplinere "Modus 2" toegepaste en strategiese navorsing en onderrig aan die ander kant. Dit is duidelik in die sterk kleim wat gele word op die stewige voorgraadse dissiplinere onderrig as 'n basis vir 'n hoe kwaliteit multidissiplinere nagraadse onderrig. Alle personeel is betrokke by beide onderrig en navorsing. 'n Sterk skakel is behou tussen akademiese, navorsings- en nagraadse aktiwiteite: die departement gebruik die oorskotte van industrieverwante navorsing om akademiese en nagraadse aktiwiteite te kruissubsideer.
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An analysis of the implementation of a diversion programme for juvenile offendersCupido, Miltoinette Antonia 02 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the implementation of, as well as identifying problem areas
associated with the YES-programme offered by NICRO.
This specific programme was chosen because most of the young offenders referred to
NICRO complete this programme. Young offenders are referred to the programme by
the magistrates' court. These are youth that have been arrested for petty crimes such
as shoplifting, damage to property and possession of drugs. This programme is also
aimed at first time offenders but it became evident throughout the study that these
youths might have been arrested once but seems to have been involved in crime at
some level prior to being arrested. Youth between the ages of thirteen and eighteen
years are accepted into the programme, with exceptions sometimes made for nineteen
year olds who are still attending school. Participation in the programme is strictly
voluntary, but there must be an admission of guilt on the part of the youth before
he/she will be considered for this kind of diversionary alternative. The programme
attempts to involve both parent and child in the process of learning and therefore
parents are required to attend the first and last sessions with their children. Sessions
attended by parents. focus on the improving relationships and communication between
parent and child.
The programme is viewed as an alternative sanction, and will enable youth to be
punished for their crimes whilst at the same time learning new skills, and most
importantly, not gaining a criminal record. The programme stretches over eight weeks
with weekly sessions that focus on self-concept, decision-making, children's rights
and respecting both themselves and those around them.
The researcher formed part of the process through both facilitating sessions as well as
observing sessions. For these reasons the research methodology focussed primarily on
participant observation and interviews. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op die proses van implementering en die identifisering van
probleemareas binne die YES-program wat deur NICRO aangebied word.
Die YES-program was spesifiek gekies omdat meeste van die jeugdiges wat na
NICRO verwys word hierdie program voltooi. Jeugdiges word deur die hof verwys
na die program wat dien as 'n afwentelingsprogram. Hierdie jeugdiges word meestal
gearresteer vir geringe misdade soos winkeldiefstal, beskadiging van eiendom, en
die besit van dwelms. Die jeugdiges word ook aanbeveel vir die program omdat dit
hulle eerste arrestasie is, maar tydens die studie word dit duidelik dat alhoewel dit
die eerste keer is dat die jeugdiges gearresteer word, dit nie hul eerste oortreding is
me.
Die program word beskou as 'n alternatiewe sanksie, en dit poog om die jeugdige te
straf vir sy/haar daad maar ook terselfdetyd nuwe vaardighede aan te leer, en meer
belangrik te voorkom dat die jeugdige 'n kriminele rekord kry. Die program strek
oor agt weeklike sessies wat fokus op self-konsep, besluitneming, kinderregte en
respek. Jeugdiges tussen die ouderdom van dertien en agtienjaar word verwys na die
program, maar uitsonderings word ook soms gemaak vir jeugdiges van
neëntienjarige ouderdom mits hulle nog skool bywoon. Die program poog om beide
ouer en kind te betrek in die proses, en dus word ouers verplig om die eerste en
laaste sessies saam met die jeugdiges by te woon. Die sessies wat deur die ouers
bygewoon word fokus veralop die verbetering van verhoudings en kommunikasie
tussen ouer en kind. Deelname aan die program is vrywillig maar die jeugdige moet
skuldig pleit voordat hy/sy inaggeneem kan word vir die afwentelingsprogram.
Die navorser het deel van die proses uitgemaak deur beide programme waar te neem
sowel as programme te fasiliteer. Die navorsingsmetode wat dus benut was, was
deelnemende waarneming sowel as onderhoudvoering.
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Local exchange through community currency in an alternative gift economy : an anthropological analysis of the Cape Town talent exchangeCoetzee, Liezl 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Internet has long stimulated thought and discussion around the idea of an alternative
economy based on reciprocal exchange. To date, however, the benefits of this gift
economy have been largely limited to the realms of cyberspace. Despite the dramatic
changes in social interaction and exchanges facilitated by online networking, and the
evolution of what may be referred to as a ‘high-tech gift economy’, the potential of the
Internet to really revolutionize economic systems has been limited, as the gifting involved
did not extend beyond the realms of cyberspace. By contrast to this global, virtual, gift
economy that has developed online, this thesis explores the way in which Information and
Communication Technologies (ICTs), traditionally renowned for enhancing global reach,
can be used to build and strengthen local exchange systems using community currencies.
The research focuses specifically on the emergence of an alternative online currency, the
Community Exchange System (CES), which originated in Cape Town towards the end of
2002, and has since spread to be used by 218 exchanges in 29 countries. Particular
attention is paid to the pilot exchange that was launched in Cape Town, namely the Cape
Town Talent Exchange (CTTE).
The thesis proposes that web-based community currencies can provide an alternative to
the current economic system, allowing for a relationship-centred approach to exchange
that can be likened to a type of gift economy, centred on the principle of reciprocity, and
fostering a spirit of abundance over scarcity. By doing so it is proposed that what Karl
Polanyi (1944) referred to as the ‘great transformation’ of the 20th century, characterised
by a shift in emphasis from human relationships to market price mechanisms, may be
reversed in the ‘network society’ (Castells, 1996), in which principles of reciprocity and gift
exchange are re-embedded in ‘relationship economics’ (Deragon, 2007).
Part A provides a review of literature pertaining to online anthropology and the concept of
a reciprocal gift ‘e-conomy’, the social dimension of economics, and the theory of ‘money’
and alternative currencies. Part B provides an overview of research findings pertaining to
the CES as example of an alternative community currency operating a web-based
platform, beginning with an introductory overview of the CES and CTTE, followed by a
look at issues pertaining to reciprocity, and speculation on possible futures for this and
similar web-based community currency systems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Internet prikkel al lank idees en gesprekke oor ‘n alternatiewe ekonomie gebaseer op,
‘geskenk-handel’. Tot dusver is die voordele van hierdie ’geskenk-ekonomie’ egter beperk
tot die dimensies van die kuber-ruimte. Ondanks dramatiese veranderinge in sosiale
verkeer, uitruil en handel wat deur die aanlyn-netwerke bewerkstellig is, en die evolusie
van wat as ‘high-tech geskenk ekonomie‘ beskryf kan word, was die potensiaal van die
Internet om werklik ekonomiese sisteme om te keer, beperk. In teenstelling met die
globale, virtuele geskenk/uitruil-ekonomie wat aanlyn ontwikkel het, ondersoek hierdie
tesis die manier waarop Informasie en Kommunikasie Tegnologieë, tradisioneel bekend vir
hul globale reikwydte, gebruik kan word om plaaslike uitruilsisteme te bou en te versterk.
Die navorsing lê klem op die ontstaan van ‘n alternatiewe aanlyn-geldeenheidsisteem, die
Gemeenskaps Uitruil Sisteem (‘Community Exchange System’ CES), wat aan die einde
van 2002 in Kaapstad ontstaan het. Dit het sedertdien uitgebrei na 218 uitruilskemas in 29
lande. Spesiale aandag val op die loods uitruilskema wat in Kaapstad begin is, te wete die
Cape Town Talent Exchange (CTTE) (Kaapstadse Talent Uitruilskema)
Die verhandeling voer aan dat ‘n web-gebaseerde gemeenskapmark ‘n alternatiewe
ekonomiese sisteem kan teweegbring. Dit kan lei tot ‘n benadering tot uitruil wat
verhoudings-gesentreerd is, vergelykbaar met ‘n soort geskenk-ekonomie wat toegespits
is op die beginsel van wederkerigheid. So kan ‘n oorvloed-bewustheid, pleks van
skaarsheidsbewustheid bevorder word. Dit word aangevoer dat dit waarna Karl Polanyi
(1944) as die ‘Groot Transformasie’ van die 20ste eeu verwys het, gekarakteriseer deur ‘n
klemverskuiwing van menslike verhoudings na markgedrewe meganismes, kan terug
verander na ‘n ‘netwerk-gemeenskap’ (Castells, 1996). Hierin is die beginsels van
wederkerigheid en geskenk-uitruil ingebed in 'n tipe ‘verhoudings-ekonomie’ (Deragon,
2007).
Deel A gee ‘n oorsig van die literatuur oor aanlynantropologie en die konsep van ‘n
wederkerige geskenk ‘e-ekonomie’, die sosiale dimensie van ekonomie, en die teorie van
‘geld’ en alternatiewe betaalmiddele. Deel B gee ‘n oorsig van navorsingbevindings ten
opsigte van die CES en CTTE as voorbeeld van ‘n alternatiewe
gemeenskapsbetaalmetode wat van ‘n webgebaseerde platform gebruik maak. Dit word,
gevolg deur opmerkings oor wederkerigheid (en) spekulasie oor die moontlike toekoms
daarvan en van soortgelyke Internet-gebaseerde gemeenskapsbetaalsisteme.
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Black in-migration from the Eastern Cape into the Cape Metropolitan area : profile of the migrant and reasons for movingBritz, Andre Alfrieda January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Migration is the (usually free) movement of individuals from one place to
another. Migration is formally conceptualized as the movement of households
from relatively poorer regions - the sending areas -- to relatively better-off
regions -- the receiving areas -- thereby enhancing the households' chances of
improved access to resources. The migrant can be defined as a person that has
gone out of his/her own free will from one place to another. In this sample and
study, a distinction will be made between household heads born in the CMA,
household heads that arrived before 1994, and household heads that arrived in
the CMA in 1994 and thereafter. These migrants will be called "Household Head
Born CMA", "Household Head older migrants", and "Household Head recent
migrants" respectively.
Informal squatter settlements are mushrooming at the outskirts of the CMA and
very little is known about the motivation of migrants to leave their rural areas. In
explaining the occurrence of migration and of why people migrate, one has to
consider the push-pull theory. In the sending areas there are certain push
factors, pushing the migrant out of the area. In the receiving area, there are pull
factors, pulling the migrant towards the area. Migrants are also not a random
selection of people. They have specific traits and differ from non-migrants in
certain respects (age, life-cycle stage, marital status, education, occupation and
status, cultural attributes and traditionalist vs. innovator). It was found in this
study that the CMA as opposed to the Eastern Cape has certain differences,
thereby pulling and pushing the migrant into and out of the areas respectively.
Also, migrants seem to have different characteristics than that of the nonmigrant. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Swart In-Migrasie vanaf die Oos Kaap tot die Kaapse Metropolitaanse Area
(KMA):
Profiel van die Migrant en Migrasie Redes
Oorsig
Migrasie is die (gewoonlik vrye) beweging van indiwidue van een plek na 'n
ander. Migrasie word formeel gedefinieer as die beweging van huishoudings
vanaf afsend-areas tot ontvangs-areas. Die huishouding se kanse op beter
toegang tot hulpbronne word verbeter. 'n Migrant is 'n persoon wat uit vrye wil
van een area na die volgende trek. Onderskeid word gemaak tussen die
huishouding-hoof wat gebore is in die KMA, die huishouding-hoof wat die KMA
binne-getrek het voor 1994, en die huishouding-hoof wat die KMA binnegetrek
het tydens 1994 en daarna.
Informele nedersettings, oftewel plakkerskampe, is besig om vinnig toe te neem
aan die buitwyke van die KMA en baie min inligting is beskikbaar oor wat
potensiële migrante motiveer om die landelike gebiede te verlaat. Wanneer
daar na die beweegredes gekyk word, is dit noodsaaklik om die "stoot en trek"
teorie te oorweeg as 'n moontlike verduideliking. Migrante is ook nie 'n lukrake
versameling van mense nie. Hulle het baie spesifieke eienskappe wat verskil
van nie-migrante In sekere opsigte (ouderdom, lewens-siklus fase,
huwelikstatus, opvoeding, beroep en status, kulturele eienskappe en so meer).
In hierdie studie is gevind dat die Ooskaap en die KMA so verskil dat migrante
na die KMA aangetrek word.
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Perceptions of sexual harassment amongst university students : a case study of the South African Military AcademyDaniels, Peter Isaac January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tertiary institutions worldwide as well as locally have investigated sexual harassment on
their campuses. This was done partly because of the negative consequences of sexual
harassment on students and staff, particularly their work performance. Incidents of sexual
harassment reported at universities range from rape and sexual assault to threats and
sexist remarks by lecturers. When researching this phenomenon, difficulty is normally
encountered partly due to the uncertainty that surrounds this activity. This is because
perceptions differ as to what kind of conduct constitutes sexual harassment. Research
further indicates that there are gender and racial differences in the assessment of sexual
harassment. The current study investigates the uncertainty, gender and racial differences
that exist regarding sexual harassment at a specific university campus. By means of a
survey the perceptions of students regarding these three issues were determined at the
Faculty of Military Science, a satellite campus of the University of Stellenbosch. With the
utilisation of statistlcal packages, frequencies and statistical differences amongst the
various sub-groups at the campus were determined. This was done in order to compare
these findings with those of other universities who conducted similar sexual harassment
surveys on their campuses in South Africa. It was found that no clear idea of what
constitutes sexual harassment exist amongst these students. In particular women in the
survey consistently viewed more incidents as contributing to sexual harassment than men.
As oppose to other findings, Blacks registered a more conservative attitude when
assessing whether certain incidents can be viewed as sexual harassment. The above was
found notwithstanding the differing social context, especially the socialisation process and
the fairly rigid codes of conduct, that students at the Military Academy are exposed to. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskeie tersiêre instellings, wêreldwyd sowel as plaaslik, het seksuele teistering op hul
kampusse ondersoek. Dit was deels gedoen as gevolg van die negatiewe gevolge wat
hierdie aktiwiteit op studente en personeellede het, veralop hul werksprestasie.
Gerapporteerde insidente by universiteite wissel vanaf verkragting en seksuele aanvalle tot
dreigemente en seksistiese opmerkings deur dosente. Probleme is ondervind tydens
navorsing oor die verskynsel wat deels toegeskryf kan word aan die onsekerheid wat
hierdie aktiwiteit omhul. Dit hou verband met persepsies wat verskil ten opsigte van die
soort gedrag wat seksuele teistering teenwoordig. Navorsing wys verder daarop dat
geslags- en rasverskille bestaan by die assesering van seksuele teistering. Die huidige
studie ondersoek die onsekerheid, geslags- en rasverskille ten opsigte van seksuele
teistering by 'n spesifieke universiteitskampus. Deur middel van 'n opname word die
persepsies van studente rakende die drie kwessies bepaal by die Fakulteit Krygskunde, 'n
satelietkampus van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Met behulp van statistiese pakkette,
word frekwensies en statistiese verskille tussen die verskillende subgroepe op die kampus
bepaal. Dit was gedoen ten einde in staat te wees om die bevindinge te vergelyk met die
van ander Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite wat seksuele teistering opnames op hul kampusse
gedoen het. Daar word bevind dat geen duidelike idee van wat seksuele teistering behels
bestaan onder die studente nie. In besonder word bevind dat vroue in die opname
deurlopend meer insidente aanslaan as seksuele teistering, as mans. In teenstelling met
ander bevindinge, registreer swart persone 'n meer konserwatiewe houding wanneer
bepaal word of sekere insidente seksueel teisterend van aard is, al dan nie. Bogenoemde
was bevind desondanks die eiesoortige sosiale konteks waarin studente hulself bevind,
veral die sosialiseringsproses en die redelike streng gedragskodes, waaraan studente van
die Militêre Akademie onderwerp word.
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Factors underlying women's decision not to report physical abuse : a qualitative explorationDamon, Franzett Elize 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Violence against women, commonly known as women abuse, is currently evolving into a
serious social problem. In South Africa thousands of women are victims of violence
inflicted by their intimate partners. Although violence against women is a serious
violation of human rights, it is often not recognised as such. Violence against women in
intimate relationships often results in women experiencing serious physical,
psychological and reproductive health problems. When living or trapped in abusive
relationships, women are exposed to injuries, ailments and diseases, wounds, chronic
pain, infertility and internal bleeding. In spite of the fact that governments, including the
South Africa government, have committed themselves to addressing women abuse
through legislation, large numbers of women still experience extraordinary high levels of
violence. However, many women neglect to report incidents of violence. Many women
remain in such relationships, legislation aimed at protecting their rights not withstanding.
The aim of this study was to explore why women neglect to report incidents of violence
and to explore women's experiences of violence. Seven coloured women between the
ages of 21 and 38 years and living in a small rural town in the Western Cape participated
in the study. In-depth interviews were used to obtain information from these women.
The extent of the problem of women abuse worldwide and in South Africa is illustrated
by research conducted internationally as well as locally. Radical feminism is used as a
theoretical framework to interpret the causes of women abuse, the 'acceptance' of women
abuse by the community and society and the reasons why women choose not to report
incidents of abuse. The analysis and the interpretation of the data is done against the
background of social practices embedded in the patriarchal structuring of society. It was
found that women's experiences and lives are predominantly structured in terms of their
sex and that women comply with expectations set by their intimate partners, family and
friends. In order to maintain their relationships, secure a household income and to protect
their children against poverty, women remain silent about the abuse they suffer. The
study also found that women's responses to abuse relate to the sources and options
available to them. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geweld teen vroue wat algemeen bekend staan as vrouernishandeling, is tans besig om in
'n ernstige sosiale probleem te ontwikkel. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is duisende
vroue die slagoffers van geweld binne intieme verhoudings. Alhoewel vrouernishandeling
'n ernstige skending van menseregte is, word dit nie altyd as sodanig erken nie.
Mishandeling binne intieme verhoudings lê dikwels ten grondslag van vroue se fisiese,
sielkundige en reproduktiewe gesondheidsprobleme. Vroue wat vasgevang is in sulke
verhoudings word blootgestel aan beserings, kwale en siektes, wonde, kroniese pyn,
onvrugbaarheid en interne bloeding. Ten spyte van die feit dat verskeie lande se
regenngs, insluitende Suid-Afrika, hulself verbind het tot 'n stryd teen
vrouernishandeling met behulp van wetgewing, ervaar groot getalle vroue wêreldwyd nog
steeds buitengewone vlakke van geweld. Baie vroue versuim egter om insidente van
mishandeling te rapporteer. Baie vroue bly in intieme verhoudings ten spyte daarvan dat
wetgewing wat gerig is op die beskerming van hul regte in plek is. Die doel van hierdie
studie was dus om vas te stel waarom vroue versuim om insidente van mishandeling te
rapporteer en om insig te verkry in die ervaringswêreld van mishandelde vroue. Sewe
Kleurling vroue tussen die ouderdomme van 21 en 38 jaar en woonagtig in 'n klein
plattelandse dorpie in die Wes-Kaap het aan die studie deelgeneem. 'n Kwalitatiewe
benadering is gevolg en data is met behulp van in-diepte onderhoude ingesamel.
Die omvang van vrouernishandeling wêreldwyd en binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks
word geïllustreer aan die hand van internasionale en plaaslike navorsing oor die
verskynsel. Radikale feminisme word as teoretiese vertrekpunt geneem in die
interpretasie van die oorsake van vroumishandeling, die 'aanvaarding' van die verskynsel
deur die gemeenskap en samelewing en die redes waarom vroue nie insidente van geweld
rapporteer nie. Die analise en interpretasie van data is gedoen teen die agtergrond van
sosiale praktyke binne die konteks van patriargale strukturering van die samelewing. Die
studie bevind dat vroue se ervarings grootliks gestruktureer word in terme van hul geslag
en dat hulle hul gedrag in ooreenstemming bring met die verwagtings van hul intieme
maats, vriende en familie. Ten einde hulle verhoudings in stand te hou, 'n huishoudelike inkomste te verseker en hul kinders teen armoede te beskerm, besluit vroue om 'n
stilswye rondom hul mishandeling te handhaaf. Die studie toon dat vroue se response
verband hou met die bronne en opsies wat tot hul beskikking is.
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Tegno-korreksies : 'n studie na die impak van tegnologie op 'n Suid-Afrikaanse gevangenisSnyders, Hendrik January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The modern correctional agency is characterised by the extensive use of information
and communication technology (ICT) (e.g. computers, close-circuit television cameras,
electronic monitoring systems) and human sciences technology (HST) (e.g.
psychometric tests, therapy and educational programmes) to monitor, discipline and
rehabilitate sentenced offenders inside and outside of institutions and to prevent their
recidivism. As a result of this combination of ICT and HST, modern correctional
institutions were transformed into socio-technical environments with serious
implications for the relationships between those within and outside of the institution.
The use of ICT for continuous monitoring of the prison and its population, has resulted
in a situation where correctional officials, like prisoners, have become legitimate
datasubjects. In addition to the privacy dilemma that resulted from this, continuous
monitoring has also negatively affected the relationship between the state and those
under surveillance (inmate, parolee, family of parolees and correctional officials).
The utilisation of sophisticated technology by organisastions to achieve certain key
objectives, does not necessarily bring about the desired results. Pistorius (1996) is of
the opinion that only organisations who are true learning organisations will benefit from
the use of such technology.
This study aims to integrate all of these perspectives in order to determine the impact
of technology on a single South African correctional institution. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die moderne korrektiewe agentskap word gekenmerk deur die omvangryke gebruik
van gevorderde inligting- en kommunikasietegnologie (IKT) (bv. rekenaars, geslotebaan
televisiekameras en elektroniese moniteringstoestelle) asook
geesteswetenskaplike-tegnologie (GWT) (bv. sielkundige toetse, opvoedkundige en
terapeutiese programme) om gevonnisde oortreders binne inrigtings en in die
gemeenskap te moniteer ten einde hulle te rehabiliteer en hul terugval in misdaad te
voorkom. Die kombinasie van GWT en IKT binne die gevangenis het gevolglik daartoe
bygedra dat die moderne gevangenis tot In sosio-tegniese omgewing omvorm is met
bepaalde gevolge vir die verhouding tussen gevangenes en korrektiewe personeel.
Aangesien IKT meesal vir deurlopende monitering van die inrigting en diegene
daarbinne gebruik word, word korrektiewe personeel net soos gevangenes, legitieme
datasubjekte. Hierdie monitering oor die algemeen, skep 'n privaatheidsdilemma met
bepaalde implikasies vir die verhoudinge tussen die gemoniteerde (gevangenes,
geparoleerdes en hul families, korrektiewe personeel) en die staat.
Die ontplooiing van gesofistikeerde tegnologie ter bereiking van 'n organisasie se
sleuteldoelwitte, lewer egter nie outomaties die verwagte resultate nie. Pistorius (1996)
argumenteer dat die optimale benutting van tegnologie slegs moontlik is in lerende
organisasies.
Hierdie studie poog dus om al hierdie sake te integreer teneinde die impak van
tegnologie op 'n enkele Suid Afrikaanse gevangenis vas te stel.
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Custodians of the Cape Peninsula : a historical and contemporary ethnography of urban conservation in Cape TownSwanepoel, Janie 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The official custodian of the Cape Peninsula mountain chain, located at the centre of Cape Town, is the
Table Mountain National Park (TMNP). This park is South Africa’s only urban open-access park and has
been declared a World Heritage Site. This thesis is an anthropological and historical examination of the
past and present conservation of the Cape Peninsula . I provide an overview of the relationship between
the urban environment and the Cape Peninsula aiming to illustrate the produced character of the
mountains and its mediation in power relations. This study of custodianship reveals that protecting and
conserving the Cape Peninsula is shaped by the politics of the urban and natural environment as well as
by the experience of living in the city. As such, official and unofficial custodianship is informed by class
and race differentiations, embedded in the politics of identity, responsive to the local and national
political transformations in governance and connected to the urban struggles of the marginalised
Capetonians. Furthermore, inherent in the notion of custodianship is the social appropriation of the Cape
Peninsula which was shown to produce specific ideological representations of nature.
The thesis presents an ethnographic study of Hangberg, a poor neighbourhood situated at the border of the
TMNP. There, the encroachments and poaching within the park boundaries is addressed by focussing on
the competing discourses between biodiversity, entitlement and heritage. The engagements between the
TMNP, the state and Hangberg on the issues of conservation reveal the distinct complexities of running a
national park in a city beset with inequalities. My focus on these engagements also illustrates that the
manifestation of ‘community’ is a construction contingent upon circumstances which reflect a meaningful
and political relationship between identity, citizenship and place, rather than a homogeneous group of
people.
I conclude with the idea that in attempting to make the park socially and racially equitable, urban
conservation ought to begin to recognise its distinct urban character in the larger socio-environmental
framework of the city. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die offisiële beskermheer van die Kaapse Skiereiland Bergreeks, geleë in die sentrum van Kaapstad, is
die Tafelberg Nasionale Park (TNP). Die park is Suid-Afrika se enigste stedelike en oop-toegangspark en
is verklaar as ’n Wêreld Erfenis Gebied. Hierdie tesis is ’n antropologiese en historiese studie van die
huidige en geskiedkundige beskerming van die Kaapse Skiereiland. ’n Oorsig van die verhouding tussen
die stedelike omgewing en die Kaapse Skiereiland ontbloot die geproduseerde karakter van die bergreeks
en die bemiddeling daarvan in magsverhoudinge. ’n Studie van die beskermheerders van die Kaapse
Skiereiland toon aan dat die beskerming en bewaring van die bergreeks (of dele daarvan) afhanklik is van
die stedelike en nasionale politieke klimaat en die ervaring van ’n stedelike lewe. Sodoende word offisiële
en nie-offisiële kuratorskap as klas- en ras-onderskeibaar, ingebed in identiteitspolitiek, verwant aan die
plaaslike en nasionale politieke transformasies in die regering, en verbonde aan die stryd van armes in
Kaapstad gedefinieer. Verder, inherent aan kuratorskap is die sosiale toe-eiening van die Kaapse
Skiereiland wat spesifieke ideologiese voorstellings van die natuur in die stad produseer.
Die tesis bied’n etnografiese studie van Hangberg aan, ’n arm woonbuurt geleë op die grens van die TNP.
Ek bespreek die onwettige behuising en stropery binne die park se grense deur te fokus op die
kompeterende diskoerse tussen biodiversiteit, regte en erfenis. Die onderhandelinge tussen die TNP, die
staat, en Hangberg in verband met die kwessies rondom bewaring ontbloot die spesifieke kompleksiteit
daarvan om ’n nasionale park in ’n stad geteister deur ongelykhede te bestuur. Hierdie fokus illustreer dat
‘gemeenskap’ manifesteer as ’n konstruksie wat afhanklik is van omstandighede en dui op ’n
betekenisvolle en politieke verhouding tussen identiteit, burgerskap en plek, eerder as ’n homogene groep.
Ek sluit af met die idee dat in ’n poging om die TNP meer sosiaal- en ras-inklusief te maak, behoort
stedelike bewaring die spesifieke stedelike karakter daarvan te erken in die groter
sosialeomgewingsraamwerk van die stad.
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Assessing corporate social responsibility in terms of its impact on sustainable community development : Anglo American PLC programmes as case studyMarais, Anel 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master for
Philosophy in Community and Development at the University of Stellenbosch / Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mining industries significantly influence the societies within which they operate.
They have been responsible for causing a wide range of negative environmental
and social impacts at local, regional and global levels. Disruption of river flows,
degradation of land and forest resources, negative impacts on the livelihoods of
local communities near mines and disturbance of traditional lifestyles of
indigenous people are some examples.
Historically, the mining industry has taken a ‘devil may care’ attitude toward the
impacts of its operations, inter alia by operating in areas without social legitimacy,
by causing local devastation, and by leaving when an area has been exhausted
of its economically valuable resources. Cost benefit language has often been
used to justify damage caused in one place by arguing that it is outweighed by
overall financial benefits. In recent years however the global mining industry has
started to address its social and environmental responsibilities, visible in current
debates about social and environmental sustainability. As a result, various mining
companies have launched corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes that
tend to focus on local community initiatives as their impact in economic, social
and environmental terms, they believe, is felt most at local level. Yet the question
remains, can CSR on its own make a substantial contribution to local sustainable
community development? The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) defined
CSR as “…the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and
contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the
workforce and their families as well as the local community and society at
large...” (WBCSD, 2003). Despite this clear definition, there is still great diversity
within the mining sector in perceptions of what CSR constitutes and what its key
tenets should be. Without a consistent definition or understanding of CSR and
sustainable community development, planned efforts and programmes will do
little to contribute to the overall improvement and well-being of the intended
beneficiaries.
The research focuses on defining sustainable community development and how
it relates CSR. It identifies three characteristics of sustainable community
development and uses these to assess the CSR programmes of Anglo American
Plc, as case study company, to determine whether the company’s programmes
have the potential to contribute to the sustainability of the communities
associated with its operations.
The research results in three main conclusions drawn from the case study – in a
phrase that CSR is able under certain conditions to contribute positively to
community sustainability. The conclusion also offers a few suggestions regarding
ways companies can increase the contribution their CSR programmes make to
local sustainable development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mynbou industrieë het ‘n definitiewe en sigbare impak op die gemeenskappe
waar mynbou aktiwiteite bedryf word. Hierdie industieë is verantwoordelik vir ’n
groot hoeveelheid negatiewe omgewings- en sosiale impakte op plaaslike,
distriks en provinsiale vlak. Die versteuring van tradisionele lewenswyses van
inheemse bevolkingsgroepe, natuurlike vloei van riviere, grond en water
besoedeling, asook tradisionele bestaans praktyke is almal areas wat negatief
deur mynbou industrieë beïvloed is.
Die mynbou industrie het deur die geskiedenis nie baie aandag gegee aan die
negatiewe impakte wat mynbou aktiwiteite op gemeenskappe het nie. Die
positiewe ekonomiese impak is afgespeel en as belangriker en van meer waarde
beskou, as die negatiewe sosiale en omgewingsimpakte wat dit veroorsaak. Dit
is maar onlangs dat die mynbou industrie begin het om die negatiewe impakte
wat mynbou aktiwiteite op gemeenskappe en die omgewing het aan te spreek.
Dit is ook ’n onderwerp wat meer prominent geraak het in huidige internasionale
debatte rakende volhoubare ontwikkeling en die impak wat mynbou op die
volhoubaarheid van die omgewing en sy mense het. Verskeie mynbou
maatskappye het korporatiewe sosiale investerings (KSI) programme in plaaslike
gemeenskappe begin om as mitigerende aksie vir die negatiewe impakte dien.
Die vraag is egter of hierdie programme enigsins sal kan bydrae to die
langtermyn volhoubare ontwikkeling in hierdie geaffekteerde gemeenskappe? Die Wêreld Besigheids Forum vir Volhoubare Ontwikkeling beskryf KSI as die
voortgesette onderneming deur die besigheidsektor om te alle tye
besigheidaktiwiteite op ’n etiese wyse te bedryf om ‘n daadwerklike bydrae tot die
ekonomie te lewer en daar deur nie net ’n positiewe impak te hê op die lewens
kwaliteit van hul werknemers nie, maar ook die van die plaaslike en ander
gemeenskappe. Alhoewel die definisie baie eenvoudig en self-verduidelikend is,
is daar nog baie verskillende interpretasies binne die mynbou industrie oor wat
presies korporatiewe sosiale investering is en wat die kern aktiwiteite binne die
veld moet wees. Sonder ’n konstante definisie en die eenvormige interpretasie
daarvan, wat ook die begrip volhoubare gemeenskapsonwikkeling (VGO) insluit,
sal initiatiewe en programme wat ten doel het om die lewenskwaliteit van
geïdentifiseerde begunstigdes te verbeter, weinig effek hê.
Die navorsing fokus op daarop om VGO beter te definieer, asook die
verwantskap daarvan met KSI. Dit identifiseer drie kern eienskappe van VGO en
gebruik dit as basis om die KSI programme van Anglo American Plc, as gevalle
studie maatskappy, te evalueer om te bepaal of die betrokke programme wel ’n
bydrae lewer to VGO in die gemeeskappe in en om die maatskappy se myne wat
deur die mynbou aktiwiteite beïnvloed word.
Die navorsing lewer drie kern gevolgtrekkings vanuit die gevalle studie – KSI
onder seker omstandighede kan wel ’n positiewe bydra lewer tot VGO. Die gevolgtrekking word verder toegelig met ’n paar aanbevelings aan maatskappy
rakende moontlike aksies om die impak van KSI programme op VGO te vergroot.
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