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Knowledge, Truth, and Schooling for Social Change: Studying Environmental Education in Science ClassroomsTan, Michael 07 January 2013 (has links)
While recent research trends in science education have focussed the collective attention at utilizing the science curriculum as a means towards positive social change, such efforts have largely been predicated on understandings of the nature of knowledge and truth as socially constructed entities. Through this lens of social constructivism, knowledge is said to bear the signature of individuals and institutions in power, and therefore extant knowledge is considered to be the vehicle for further oppression of disadvantaged groups. There are at least two ways in which this argument is deeply flawed—social constructivism accords to itself epistemic positions it denies others, and an intellectually honest application of its principles leads to a position where there is no way to distinguish between better or worse positions on issues. In contrast, the principle of social realism takes a ‘middle path’, acknowledging the social reality of knowledge construction but disavowing the relativism of social constructivism. Through this epistemological foundation, implications arise for curriculum theory—how is it that we may discriminate forms of knowledge for in/ex-clusion into the school curriculum? In this study, I consider the curriculum changes in the Ontario elementary science anxd technology curriculum. I ask two key questions: (i) What are the effects of the curriculum revisions on the knowledge content of the science curriculum? and: (ii) What are the characteristics of science pedagogy in fulfilment of these curriculum changes? I develop instruments to analyze curriculum documentation, and classroom pedagogy. The major findings of this project include: (i) the curriculum revisions have added environmental knowledge expectations with varying degrees of disconnection from the scientific content knowledge; (ii) knowledge expectations removed to accommodate environmental expectations constituted important scientific principles; (iii) environmental pedagogy in science classrooms reflected the disconnection between science and environmental knowledge, most obviously in the upper grades where the degree of boundary maintenance between knowledge forms was strongest; (iv) this disconnection between environmental and scientific knowledge forms inhibited the cumulative modality of knowledge (re)production. A discussion of results and the general principles of the importance of knowledge concludes the project.
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Knowledge, Truth, and Schooling for Social Change: Studying Environmental Education in Science ClassroomsTan, Michael 07 January 2013 (has links)
While recent research trends in science education have focussed the collective attention at utilizing the science curriculum as a means towards positive social change, such efforts have largely been predicated on understandings of the nature of knowledge and truth as socially constructed entities. Through this lens of social constructivism, knowledge is said to bear the signature of individuals and institutions in power, and therefore extant knowledge is considered to be the vehicle for further oppression of disadvantaged groups. There are at least two ways in which this argument is deeply flawed—social constructivism accords to itself epistemic positions it denies others, and an intellectually honest application of its principles leads to a position where there is no way to distinguish between better or worse positions on issues. In contrast, the principle of social realism takes a ‘middle path’, acknowledging the social reality of knowledge construction but disavowing the relativism of social constructivism. Through this epistemological foundation, implications arise for curriculum theory—how is it that we may discriminate forms of knowledge for in/ex-clusion into the school curriculum? In this study, I consider the curriculum changes in the Ontario elementary science anxd technology curriculum. I ask two key questions: (i) What are the effects of the curriculum revisions on the knowledge content of the science curriculum? and: (ii) What are the characteristics of science pedagogy in fulfilment of these curriculum changes? I develop instruments to analyze curriculum documentation, and classroom pedagogy. The major findings of this project include: (i) the curriculum revisions have added environmental knowledge expectations with varying degrees of disconnection from the scientific content knowledge; (ii) knowledge expectations removed to accommodate environmental expectations constituted important scientific principles; (iii) environmental pedagogy in science classrooms reflected the disconnection between science and environmental knowledge, most obviously in the upper grades where the degree of boundary maintenance between knowledge forms was strongest; (iv) this disconnection between environmental and scientific knowledge forms inhibited the cumulative modality of knowledge (re)production. A discussion of results and the general principles of the importance of knowledge concludes the project.
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Les enjeux républicains des mutations curriculaires : "l'enseignement du fait religieux" en histoire au lycée / The stakes of curricular change in French republic : teaching on the "religious fact" in history high school subjectArnaudo, Cécile 10 May 2011 (has links)
L’étude « des faits religieux » a longtemps été objet de débats en France mais depuis le début des années 2000, on rappelle qu’elle doit être enseignée quels que soient les cycles ou filières de l’Ecole de la République. La thèse analyse dans quelle mesure cette étude peut effectivement être un élément pertinent du processus social scolaire et ce, tout particulièrement en Histoire au Lycée. Elle part de l’hypothèse principale que des changements sont en jeu dans le processus de scolarisation « des faits religieux » et que ceux qui ont l’autorité éducative sont dans la condition de réinterpréter les religions en mêlant à leurs histoires, les enjeux et les objectifs d’apprentissage de la République et son projet d’intégration politique. Si cette perspective est heuristique, cela signifierait que « l’enseignement du fait religieux » se construit à chaque fois dans des conditions idéologiques, politiques ou géographiques particulières ; qu’il consisterait à produire de l’historicité par la construction d’une intelligibilité du monde social et par là même, par son influence sur les compréhensions « personnelles ».Ces hypothèses conduisent à un choix particulier de données sociales pertinentes à la fois pour les construire de manière plus précise et pour en tester la cohérence et la légitimité. Ainsi, pour couvrir ce que Basil Bernstein appelait le « Discours Pédagogique Officiel », nous avons d’abord sélectionné comme donnée le rapport de Régis Debray intitulé « l’enseignement du fait religieux dans l’école laïque », et dont l’ambition est le pilotage au plan national des formations pour les enseignants ou les élèves. Puis, nous avons recueilli les curricula formels, tous les programmes d’Histoire prescripteurs d’objectifs ou de manières de faire pour des publics-cibles d’élèves concernés. Ensuite, nous avons recueilli auprès d’autres sources d’information des éléments, sources descendant et se rapprochant des curricula réels (ceux s’élaborant en classe d’Histoire) et respectivement : rapports d’inspection pédagogiques, manuels, mémoires professionnels et entretiens auprès de professeurs de lycées généraux, technologiques et professionnels de l’académie d’Aix-Marseille. Aussi, nous avons voulu comparer cet ensemble d’informations avec celles émanant des acteurs gravitant au plus près des pratiques enseignantes et intervenant auprès d’eux par des cours, colloques, publications, articles ou encore émissions télévisées et radiophoniques. Dans cette comparaison nous nous sommes demandé en quel sens les professeurs ont l’autorité dernière de la mise en œuvre des curricula « réels » ? Quelles réponses ces derniers fournissent-ils aux injonctions tant politiques que sociales d’« enseigner le fait religieux » ? Comment et avec quelle distance reconfigurent-ils les cadrages leur étant soumis ? En résumé, si « l’enseignement du fait religieux » est sous-tendu par des conceptions politiques et sociales de l’Histoire scolaire et également, par un modèle d’individu à former, la question est de savoir : quels sont les outils pédagogiques ? Comment ces outils deviennent-ils des ressources réappropriées par les enseignants pour réaliser leur pratique pédagogique ? Et finalement, nous nous sommes demandé en quel sens une nouvelle professionnalisation du métier d’enseignant serait visée avec cet enseignement ? / The research observes the socio-cultural and political stakes of curricular change, in the transmission of educational knowledge on the « religious fact » within the curriculum of history at high-school. In France, since the late nineteenth century, changes have been undertaken in the development and circulation of this learning program. Agents having the educational authority recontextualise knowledge on religion, articulating history of religion with the issues and learning aims of the Republic's projects of integration and citizenship. On the one hand, history curriculum prescribes « why », « how » and « to whom » the institution has to transmit a political history of religion. On the other hand, textbook authors, pedagogic inspection bodies, teachers, even potential future teachers through their work projects, translate the official discourse. Studying the « official pedagogic discourse », its circulation and recontextualisation through various institutional agencies is the main purpose of this research. It rests upon a qualitative analysis, combining methodological tools such as content analysis (using Alceste software) and discourse analysis (enunciation theory and Belo's materialist theory of « narratives of practices of the body »).
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