Den moderna vapenutvecklingen har skapat möjligheter, som rätt exploaterat, skapar dilemman för försvararen. Som motmedel har en utvecklad version av Biddles (2006) tre principer: reducera motståndarens vapenverkan, reducera motståndarens rörlighet och säkerställa egen rörlighet, prövats ur ett försvarsperspektiv gentemot specialoperationer. Resultatet visar att principerna har god passning på taktisk nivå. Studien fokuserar på inverkan av de immateriella faktorerna, i motsats till numerisk och teknologisk spets. Arbetet tydliggör att förmågan att använda, organisera och leda sina militära förband är en viktig framgångsfaktor. Arbetet visar att tillämpningen av immateriella faktorer kan förklara, variationen, varför försvaret i vissa fall segrar och i andra fall lider nederlag. Arbetet ger ny kunskap till forskningen om försvar mot specialoperationer likväl som den kan vara ett embryo till en intresseväckande debatt om defensiva markoperationer. / Modern weapon development has created opportunities, which, properly exploited, create dilemmas for the defender. As a countermeasure, a developed version of Biddle's (2006) three principles: avoid the opponent's weapon effect, delay the opponent's mobility, and, create their own mobility, has been tested from a defense perspective against attacking special operations. The result shows that the principles have good fit even at the tactical level. The study focuses on the influence of intangible factors, as opposed to numerical and technological cutting-edge. The work makes it clear that the ability to use, organize and lead their military units is an important factor, for success. The work shows that the application of intangible factors can explain, the variety, why in some cases defense triumphs and in other cases suffers defeat. The work provides new knowledge to research on defense against special operations as well as it can be an embryo of an interesting debate about defensive ground operations.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The need for a well thought out, planned, and rehearsed command and control organization to conduct special operations in the US Northern Command Area of Responsibility is vital to success in defending the Homeland. Currently, USNORTHCOM does not have an apportioned or assigned command and control structure for the conduct of special operations. This thesis analyzes three courses of action to fulfill this requirement: use the current USNORTHCOM battle staff command structure including the integration of the Standing Joint Force Headquarters-North; rely on the newly formed US Special Operations Command's Joint Task Force Structures; and establish a Theater Special Operations Command North assigned to USNORTHCOM. Through the conduct of analysis and research this thesis recommends that The Joint Staff direct the reorganization required to establish a Theater Special Operations Command North to exercise command and control of special operations forces conducting operations in the USNORTHCOM AOR. / Lieutenant Colonel, United States Army

This thesis assesses the financial situation of the company focused on the surface finishing. The research period is between the years 2009-2013. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part discusses the theoretical methods and analyzes a company's rating. The second part is practical and uses the theoretical knowledge from the previous section. The last chapter is based on the results of analyzing and according to these results, this part proposes solutions which can lead to improvement of the company.

This project aims to use temporal and spatial data analysis to express the measured air pollutant concentrations as well as their relation with the aerosol traces, indicated by the intensity ratio (IR). The surveying were performed during a field campaign of several days of mobile optical remote sensing measurements in Tianjing city, China. The spectroscopic data were recorded by different spectrometers from which the most two mature techniques are the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) and the Solar Occultation Flux (SOF). Besides, a third measuring approach of using a ‘Flame’ spectrometer was explored to discover the sulphur dioxide (SO2) traces. Except for the different spectrometers, other auxiliary data were taken from the wind meter and the GPS tracker. To construct an integral geographic information, data inspecting, cleaning, merging were heavily applied based on physical modeling. / 本文旨在利用时间-空间域数据分析来探索所测量的大气污染物浓度以及它们与其诱发的气溶胶之间的关联情况。气溶胶痕迹以特定波长的光强度之比（IR）来表征。本文所用到的数据采自于针对天津市工业园区及天津港进行的车载移动光学遥感测量。所关注的大气污染物浓度通过国际上最成熟的差分吸收光谱（DOAS）技术和掩光通量（SOF）测量法计算得出，而光谱数据则通过第三种技术手段，即利用迷你型‘火焰’光谱仪，记录测量。研究表明该小型光谱仪可以发现并记录二氧化硫气体的踪迹。本文在物理建模的基础上大量应用到信号检测、滤波，数据清洗、合并。综合浓度数据，光谱数据以及辅助数据诸如取自测风仪的风速风向信息和取自GPS跟踪器的位置信息，成功构建出完整的区域地理信息。