Despite its high isolation frequency in Australian chickens, S. II Sofia is rarely associated with animals or human salmonellosis as this serovar is avirulent in nature. The reason for its persistence and avirulence is unknown as very few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this strain. This study details the various experimental methods utilised to investigate the genetic relatedness and molecular mechanisms involved in S. II Sofia pathogenesis. Using PFGE and Rep-PCR, the Australian S. II Sofia isolates were found to show limited genetic diversity and probably share a clonal relationship. A majority of the S. II Sofia isolates were not geographically restricted with the predominant pattern subtype spread out among the isolates from various states. Distribution and variation of the SPI-associated virulence genes within S. II Sofia was also examined. Based on RFLP and sequence analysis, most of the differences observed in SPI1 to SPI5 of S. II Sofia could be attributed to a loss or gain of restriction cleavage sites within these regions. However, a number of genes in SPI1, SPI2, SPI3 and SPI5 were found to have accumulated changes (mutations, insertions and deletions) that could have affected gene transcription and/or protein translation - these genes have been shown to be involved in different aspects of the virulence process. The avirulence of S. II Sofia is probably not the result of a single genetic change but rather a series of alterations to a large number of its virulence-associated genes. Plasmid-mediated virulence was also assessed in S. II Sofia isolates. Southern hybridisation with probes derived from the virulence plasmid of S. Typhimurium indicated either the total absence of the virulence plasmid or possible presence of a virulence plasmid containing major deletions. Clones were constructed with the missing spv operon using high-copy pCR®2.1 and low-copy pWSK29 plasmids and the adherence, invasion and intracellular survival of the mutant strain was evaluated in vitro. The presence of spvRABCD was shown to have no effect on intracellular survival and replication. Although the cloning of spv with pCR®2.1 was observed to significantly increase invasiveness of S. II Sofia, it was not capable of restoring the invasive ability of S. II Sofia to the level of pathogenic S. Typhimurium 82/6915. On the other hand, the uneven adherence and invasion ability of the other mutant strains appeared to be linked to the presence of pWSK29 and this observation is further supported by RT-PCR analysis of the clones - indicating that perhaps pWSK29 is not a suitable vector for this study. Wild-type S. II Sofia isolates are unlikely to regain full pathogenicity because of the numerous mutations in many important virulence genes: even the chance acquisition of a virulence factor (e.g. spvRABCD) is not sufficient to completely restore S. II Sofia virulence. Therefore, S. II Sofia should not be considered similar to other Salmonella spp. when monitoring Salmonellae in food samples.

Berlin, Humboldt-Universiẗat, Diss., 2003.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of San Carlos, 1959. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [172]-177).

University, Diss., 2005--Saarbrücken.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2001--München.

Mitt projekt handlar om att visa på ett alternativt sätt att tänka när vi designar elektronikprodukter. Det handlar om att designa för att hitta tid för vila och återhämtning. I en kultur som är besatt av effektivitet prioriteras ofta tiden för reflektion bort. Vi skapar ny teknik för att allt i samhället ska bli smidigare och gå snabbare. Jag har tittat närmare på elektronikprodukter vi har runt oss i vardagen, på deras estetik och användning. Jag har valt ut en produkt från den kategori; luftfuktaren. En produkt vars syfte är att portionera ut fukt till luften för att ge en bättre atmosfär. Jag kommer ge luftfuktaren nya värden utöver det rent praktiska den redan har idag.  Hur skulle en luftfuktare se ut och användas ifall den inte bara skänker fysisk återhämtning utan även gav mental återhämtning? I projektet arbetar jag med luftfuktarens mist som material. Med dess estetiska kvalitéer och rörelse vill jag skapa en upplevelse som förhoppningsvis kan ge betraktaren en stund av vila.

This thesis illustrates how I hear processes of expansion organizing musical materials in the First String Quartet. By employing a flexible approach to expansion and developing models of wedge and additive expansions beyond the bounds of specific voice-leading or rhythmic augmentation procedures, expansion processes can be understood in each of the varied episodes of the quartet. Gubaidulina’s use of expansion processes, embodied organically in pitch, rhythm, form, and physical space, unifies the episodic materials of the First String Quartet and provides an inevitable conclusion to the work’s loose narrative.

Ce document présente la mesure de rendements isotopiques issus de la fission de l'U238 obtenus suite à l'expérience SOFIA réalisée au GSI à Darmstadt (août 2012). Cette expérience novatrice utilise la technique de la cinématique inverse relativiste, qui présente plusieurs avantages : les fragments de fissions sont focalisés vers l'avant dans un cône de faible ouverture angulaire (grande efficacité géométrique), et possèdent un état de charge nul ce qui facilite considérablement la mesure des rendements élémentaires. Le dispositif SOFIA se compose tout d'abord d'une cible active, dans laquelle a lieu la fission par excitation coulombienne et d'une chambre d'ionisation qui permet à la fois la mesure de la charge nucléaire et de l'angle horizontal des deux fragments en coïncidence. La mesure des masses est faite en déterminant le rayon de courbure des fragments, déviés par un puissant aimant (ALADIN), grâce à deux détecteurs de positions (MWPC), et par une mesure de temps de vol, qui nécessite une résolution extrême d'environ 40 ps FWHM pour que la séparation des isotopes lourds voisins soit acceptable. L'analyse des données montre que les objectifs initiaux ont étés remplis, puisque la séparation isotopique est atteinte sur toute la gamme des fragments de fission. Un effet pair-impair significatif est observé dans les rendements en charge, dont le spectre présente, comme attendu, une valeur moyenne pour la charge lourde très proche de Z = 54. L'effet pair-impair neutron présente, étonnamment, une amplitude et une forme très similaire à celle mesurée sur des fissions en neutrons thermiques. Le rapport pic/vallée des distributions en masses indiquent que l'énergie d'excitation est proche des 14 MeV attendus. Enfin, nos mesures sont très souvent comparées au code GEF qui donne des résultats toujours très proches des nôtres. / The isotopic fission yields of U 238 following the SOFIA experiment, conducted at the GSI facility (Darmstadt), are presented here. This experiment takes advantage of the inverse kinematics technique at relativistic energies. Benefits are several : fission fragments are highly focused (high geometrical efficiency) and are also completely stripped, which greatly simplifies their nuclear charge measurement. The first detector of the SOFIA setup is an active target in which fission occurs via electromagnetic excitation, followed by an ionization chamber to measure the nuclear charge and the horizontal angle of both fission fragments. The masses are deduced by the bending radius measurement of the fragments, deflected by a strong magnet (ALADIN), thanks to two position detectors (MWPC), and also by a highly resolved time-of-flight measurement (40 ps FWHM) so that heavy neighboring isotopes can be separated. The data analysis shows that the main goals are achieved since the isotopic separation is reached over the whole range of the fission fragments. A strong even-odd effect is seen in the charge spectrum, which also exhibits a mean heavy charge close to Z = 54. Surprisingly, the neutron even-odd effect of the light region is seen to be very close to the one in thermal neutron induced fission. The peak-to-valley ratio of the mass spectrum confirms that the mean excitation energy at fission is close to the expected one (14 MeV). The GEF code is used for comparison and always gives results very close to ours.

Techn. University, Diss., 2001--Berlin.

My essay analyzes the concept of sophia (wisdom) from the first two chapters of first Corinthians and how sophia may have been understood and used in related contexts. Paul uses sophia as a rhetorical antithesis, emerging as a desirable sophia that the church is encouraged to pursue. This carries multifaceted connotations of Greek and Judeo-Hellenistic thought but appears as something new in the light of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Simultaneously Paul also presents an undesirable, contrasting sophia that belongs to the world. Scholars present a diversified picture of how this contrasting sophia can be understood. Different schools of thought are being identified as particularly influential, such as stoicism and sophism. These are important aspects to consider in the translation process of the thirteen verses where sophia appears in the first two chapters of first Corinthians. This essay examines these verses based on the introductory background study of the concept sophia, the Greek text and six different Bible translations in Swedish and English. The overall aim of my study is to approach Paul´s own view of sophia and derive a correlating translation. The discussion highlights various possibilities of how to translate sophia in the first two chapters of 1 Corinthians, each reflecting different connotations of sophia. Furthermore, I contribute to the discourse by presenting my own suggested translation of these verses.