Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-168). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-168). Also available on the Internet.

CAPES / O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar áreas submetidas a diferentes tecnologias de restauração florestal em relação à abundância, riqueza, diversidade e composição da fauna presente na serapilheira e no solo. Foram conduzidos os seguintes tratamentos: Regeneração natural (RN), Plantio de árvores em linhas de recobrimento e diversidade (L) e Nucleação (N). Uma área de mata secundária (M) foi incluída no estudo como referencial das condições do solo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram coletadas amostras para extração da mesofauna (outubro/2012; julho e outubro/2013) e da macrofauna (junho e outubro/2013), em seis pontos de cada parcela amostral, totalizando 24 pontos amostrais por tratamento. Para coleta da macrofauna edáfica foi utilizado o método TSBF. A mesofauna foi coletada com o auxílio de um cilindro de metal e extraída utilizando Funis de Berlese-Tüllgren. Em cada ponto foi coletado separadamente serapilheira e solo e a fauna extraída foi identificada em nível de classe/ordem taxonômica. Os colêmbolos foram categorizados em tipos morfológicos. No total, considerando a mesofauna, a macrofauna e as três coletas realizadas, foram contabilizados 28618 organismos. Em relação à mesofauna edáfica, as tecnologias avaliadas não diferiram, após três anos em processo de restauração, em relação à abundância total de organismos e composição da comunidade. O índice diversidade de Shannon, na mesofauna edáfica, seguiu um gradiente de impacto antrópico, sendo superior na Regeneração natural, que não sofreu intervenções técnicas e apresentou maior teor de umidade no solo, e inferior na tecnologia plantio em linhas, que foi submetida ao controle de plantas espontâneas em área total. No caso da mesofauna da serapilheira as áreas submetidas às tecnologias não se diferenciaram em relação à riqueza média de grupos taxonômicos, abundância total de organismos e composição da comunidade. Considerando a macrofauna edáfica as tecnologias não diferiram em relação à abundância e riqueza, sendo que na avaliação de junho/2013 a RN apresentou maior índice H’ e se diferenciou em relação à composição da comunidade das demais tecnologias. Na avaliação de outubro/2013, as diferenças entre as tecnologias em relação ao índice H’ foram mais estreitas e essas não se diferenciaram em termos de composição da comunidade da macrofauna edáfica. Na macrofauna da serapilheira, em junho/2013, a RN apresentou maior riqueza e maior índice H’ quando comparada as demais tecnologias e na avaliação de outubro/2013, as tecnologias não se diferenciaram em relação à composição da comunidade, riqueza média de grupos e abundância média de organismos. No caso dos colêmbolos, as tecnologias após três anos em processo de restauração, não se diferenciaram em relação à abundância, riqueza e composição da comunidade de colêmbolos por diferentes morfotipos. A mata secundária, em relação às tecnologias de restauração florestal, apresentou maior abundância de saprófagos, predadores e maior diversidade de morfotipos de colêmbolos. Diante desses resultados recomenda-se a regeneração natural por ser a tecnologia de menor custo de implantação, seguida da nucleação e do plantio em linha. A fauna deve ser monitorada, ao longo do tempo, nas tecnologias de restauração, bem como as variáveis físicas e químicas do solo, a fim de entender possíveis mudanças na composição e diversidade de organismos. / The goal of this study was to compare areas under different forest restoration technologies in relation to abundance, richness, diversity and composition of the present fauna in the litter and soil. The treatments evaluated were: natural regeneration (RN); high diversity tree plantations (L) and nucleation (N). An area of secondary forest was included in the study as a reference of soil conditions. The experimental design was in randomized block with four replications. Samples were collected for extraction of mesofauna (October/2012; July and October/2013) and macrofauna (June and October/2013) in six points of each plot, totaling 24 samples per treatment. For collecting soil macrofauna was used TSBF method. The mesofauna was collected with a metal cylinder and extracted by Berlese-Tüllgren funnel. Litter and soil were collected separately at each point and the fauna was identified level of class/taxonomic order. The springtails were classified using morphotypes. In total, considering the mesofauna, macrofauna and three times collected were accounted 28618 organisms. In relation soil mesofauna, the evaluated technologies did not differ, after three years of restoration, in relation to total abundance of organisms and community composition. The Shannon diversity index (H), in soil mesofauna, followed a human impact gradient. This index was higher in natural regeneration, which not was undergone technical interventions and showed higher moisture in the soil. The tree planting technology, under the control of volunteer plants in total area, showed lower H index. In the case of litter mesofauna, the technologies did not differ in relation the mean richness, total abundance of organisms and community composition. Considering edaphic macrofauna, technologies did not differ in relation to the abundance and richness, and in the evaluation of June/2013, RN showed higher H index and differed in relation to the community composition of other technologies. In October/2013 evaluation, the differences between the technologies in relation to H index were narrower and these did not differ in terms of composition of soil macrofauna community. In litter macrofauna, in June/2013, the RN presented greater richness and H index when compared to other technologies and in evaluation October/2013 technologies did not differ in relation to community composition, richness and mean abundance of organisms. In the case of springtails, technologies after three years in the restoration process, did not differ in relation to the abundance, richness and composition of Collembola community for different morphotypes. The secondary forest, in relation to forest restoration technologies, presented greater abundance of saprophages, predators and greater diversity of morphotypes of springtails. From these results it, we recommended to natural regeneration by to have the lowest cost of deployment, followed by nucleation and online planting. The animals should be monitored over time, in the restoration technologies, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, in order to understand the possible changes in the composition and diversity of organisms.

A major concern related to agricultural management systems used by the man lies on the effects on biological processes in the soil, whose action within ecosystems aiming at the farm, modifies the intensity of these processes under use of techniques that exclusively aim to maximize crop yield. One of the challenges of research in soil biology is precisely understand the impacts on the complex interactions of all soil organisms at the community level by the management that are critical in maintaining soil quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of management practices on fruit trees (mango, guava and coconut trees) in the composition and distribution of soil arthropods (edaphic macrofauna, mesofauna) and on microbial biomass, the activity and interaction with the chemical, physical and environmental attributes. The study of soil arthropods began in July 2013 and followed until May 2014, with measurements at four periods. Microbiological soil activities were evaluated by the determination of microbial soil properties (RBS, CBM, NBM, NBM / N, qCO2 and qMIC). It was found that the soil arthropods were sensitive to changes arising from different soil tillage systems, allowing it to be used as an important tool to apply as bio-indicators of the quality of edaphic system. The system with guava cultivation proved to be unstable over time in relation to the structure of the community of soil arthropods. The system with coconut tree cultivation allows for better soil quality, increase in abundance and species richness of invertebrate macrofauna. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (NBM) and the metabolic quotient (qCO2) were the main microbiological soil properties responsible for identifying dissimilarities between areas. Correlations between microbiological and faunal characteristics of the soil were low with significant correlations only between Collembola, NBM and NBM / N. / Uma das grandes preocupaÃÃes relacionadas aos sistemas de manejo agrÃcola adotado pelo homem reside nos efeitos sobre os processos biolÃgicos que ocorrem no solo, cuja aÃÃo dentro dos ecossistemas visando à exploraÃÃo agrÃcola, modifica a intensidade desses processos em virtude do emprego de prÃticas que objetivam exclusivamente a maximizaÃÃo da produÃÃo vegetal. Um dos desafios da pesquisa em biologia do solo à justamente entender os impactos do manejo sobre as complexas interaÃÃes de todos os organismos edÃficos ao nÃvel de comunidade que sÃo fundamentais na manutenÃÃo da qualidade do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar a influÃncia dos manejos em cultivos de fruteiras (mangueira, goiabeira e coqueiro) na composiÃÃo e distribuiÃÃo dos artrÃpodes de solo (mesofauna e macrofauna edÃfica) e sobre a biomassa microbiana, sua atividade e interaÃÃo com os atributos quÃmicos, fÃsicos e ambientais. O estudo dos artrÃpodes edÃficos teve inÃcio em julho de 2013 e seguiu atà maio de 2014, com coletas realizadas em quatro perÃodos. As atividades microbiolÃgicas do solo foram avaliadas mediante as determinaÃÃes dos atributos microbianos do solo (RBS, CBM, NBM, NBM/N, qCO2 e qMIC). Constatou-se que os artrÃpodes de solo mostraram-se sensÃveis as alteraÃÃes ocasionadas pelos sistemas de manejos do solo, possibilitando a sua indicaÃÃo como importante ferramenta para aplicar-se como bioindicadores da qualidade do sistema edÃfico. O sistema com cultivo de goiabeiras mostrou-se instÃvel ao longo do tempo em relaÃÃo à estrutura da comunidade dos artrÃpodes de solo. O sistema com cultivo de coqueiros propicia melhores caracterÃsticas do solo e aumento na abundÃncia e riqueza de espÃcies da macrofauna invertebrada. O carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), nitrogÃnio da biomassa microbiana (NBM) e o quociente metabÃlico (qCO2), foram os principais atributos microbiolÃgicos do solo responsÃveis por identificar dissimilaridades entre as Ãreas. CorrelaÃÃes entre as variÃveis microbiolÃgicas e faunÃsticas do solo foram baixas, com correlaÃÃes significativas somente entre Collembola, NBM e NBM/N.

This thesis didactically processes three proposals of fieldwork for intermediate school pupils and students of lower grades of grammar schools. Two of the described sites for field education are located directly in the capital city of Prague (Prokopské valley, Meanders of Botič) and the third locality lies 30 km south of Prague (Medník). All field exercises are focused on soil, soil biology and ecology of selected localities. During the fieldwork, students apply active learning and record their results in worksheets. The first half of the thesis is a literary review describing the characteristics of the selected sites, the soil and soil organisms and selected methods of study of soil ecosystems. The last part of the literary review deals with general characteristics of field training as an organizational teaching form, its aims, methods and organization. The actual output of the whole work is the proposal of three fieldworks and methodological materials for teachers. Individual tasks in the worksheets are analysed from the didactical point of view. Two of the fieldworks were tested in school practice by the author of the thesis. The course of the two fieldworks commented and the results of the students' works are evaluated. The annex of the theses contains worksheets for students, their correct...

The microbial life in the soil is essential for providing a functioning habitat for plants to grow. A literature study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and science behind soil biology. The purpose of this study was to define what is soil health and how it is influenced by the soil microbial communities. The literature study concluded that the ability of soil biology to benefit plants includes a variety of aspects. Nutrient availability, soil structure and pest resistance are all greatly influenced by soil microbes.  To practically examine these theories, an experiment was conducted where Brandywine tomatoes where grown in three different scenarios. A commercial potting soil, Hasselfors ekojord, was used as substrate in all groups. In the control group (C) the plants were grown only in the substrate. In the second group (R), the seeds where treated with a microbial inoculum and then planted in the substrate. In the third group (RE), the same treatment as in R was done to the seeds and here, compost extract were also added to the RE group. The plants were grown in separate pots in a greenhouse and the growth rate was observed and documented as well as the total harvest. In the end of the growing season a chemical and biological analysis was done to the soil as well as a sap analysis on the leaves. The plant growth where similar among the groups although R and RE showed slightly higher growth rates in the later stages of the growing season. The harvested fruit was highest in C but not significantly. The microbial contents were high in all soils though more fungi communities in the RE and bacterial communities in C. The chemical analysis showed high nitrate concentrations in the leaves in C. In R and especially RE the nitrate conversion into amino acids and proteins where higher wish indicates that these groups are more resilient to pests like aphids. / Det mikrobiella livet i jorden är avgörande för att skapa en fungerande livsmiljö för växter. En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att undersöka nuvarande kunskap och vetenskap bakom markbiologi. Syftet med denna studie var att definiera markhälsa och hur den påverkas av det mikrobiella livet i jorden. Slutsatsen från denna litteraturstudie var att jordbiologins förmåga att gynna växter innefattar en rad olika aspekter. Näringstillgänglighet, markstruktur och skadedjursbeständighet påverkas starkt av jordmikrober.  För att praktiskt granska dessa teorier genomfördes ett experiment där Brandywine-tomater odlades i tre olika scenarier. En kommersiell plantjord, Hasselfors ekojord, användes som huvudsubstrat i alla grupper. I kontrollgruppen (C) odlades växterna endast i substratet. I den andra gruppen (R) behandlades frön med en mikrobiell ympning innan de såddes i substratet.I den tredje gruppen (RE) utfördes samma fröbehandling som i R och kompostextrakt tillsattes också till RE-gruppen. Växterna odlades i separata krukor i ett växthus och tillväxthastigheten observerades och dokumenterades liksom den totala skörden. I slutet av växtsäsongen gjordes en kemisk och biologisk analys av jorden samt en savanalys på bladen. Tillväxten var likartad bland grupperna även om R och RE visade något högre tillväxttakt i de senare stadierna av växtsäsongen. Skördad frukt per planta var högst i C, dock intesignifikant. Den mikrobiella koncentrationen var hög i alla jordar men mer svamporienterat i RE och bakterieorienterat i C. Den kemiska analysen visade högt nitratinnehåll i bladen i C. I R och särskilt i RE var nitratomvandlingen till aminosyror och proteiner högre vilket indikerar att dessa grupper är mer motståndskraftiga mot skadedjur så som bladlöss.

Thesis (PhD (Botany and Zoology)) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Metals are natural elements of the earth crust usually present at low concentrations in all soils. Although many metals such as cobalt, copper, iron and zinc are essential to living organisms, at elevated concentrations most metals are toxic to organisms living in and on soils. Elevated concentrations of metals are caused either by anthropogenic deposition following remobilisation from the earth crust or are of natural origin. Ultramafic soils do not only pose unfavourable living conditions such as drought and poor organic content, these soils are also characterized by extremely high concentrations of a range of metals known to be toxic under normal circumstances. Ultramafic soils are of high ecological importance as a high proportion of endemic organisms, especially plants, live on these soils. As it is known that earthworms do occur in ultramafic soils, the aims of the present study were to investigate the abilities of earthworms to survive in these soils and the influences of elevated chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese and nickel levels. For the evaluation of the metal background conditions, soils originating from ultramafic rocks of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, Mpumalanga, South Africa were collected and different fractions representing different levels of bioavailability were analyzed for arsenic, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese and nickel. To assess the mobile, readily available metal fraction, i.e. Ca2+- exchangeable metal cations, a 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 extraction was performed. To investigate the mobilisable metal fraction, representing the amount of easily remobilisable complexed and carbonated metal ions, a DTPA (di-ethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid) extraction was conducted. In relation to non-ultramafic or anthropogenic contaminated soils, a far lower proportion of metals were extractable by the above mentioned extraction methods. To investigate the availability and effects of these metals on earthworms, two ecophysiologically different species were employed. Aporrectodea caliginosa and Eisenia fetida were long-term exposed to the ultramafic soils collected at the Barberton region and a control soil from a location at Stellenbosch with a known history of no anthropogenic metal contamination. The responses to the ecological stress originating in the ultramafic soils were measured on different levels of earthworm organisation. As endpoints affecting population development, cocoon production, fecundity and viability were evaluated. On individual level, growth, metal body burden and tissue distribution were investigated. As endpoints on subcellular level, the membrane integrity was assessed by the neutral red retention assay, the mitochondrial activity was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay and as a biomarker for the DNA integrity, the comet assay was performed. Focussing on manganese and nickel, the uptake by E. fetida of these metals was investigated with the exclusion of soil related properties using an artificial aqueous medium to draw comparisons to the uptake of these metals in natural soils. The possible development of resistance towards nickel was tested by exposing pre-exposed (for more than 10 generations) E. fetida specimens to ultramafic soils with concentrations of more than 4000 mg/kg nickel. The results showed that, except on the endpoint survival, which was less sensitive than all other bioassays, significant responses to the ultramafic challenge were observed in all earthworm bioassays and on all levels of organisation. The sensitivity of the responses of the earthworms towards the ultramafic conditions was not predictable by the level of organisation. The two species showed different strategies of metal elimination. In A. caliginosa, metals such as nickel, manganese and chromium were transported to the posterior section and the posterior section was subsequently pushed off by autotomization. In E. fetida, metals such as chromium and nickel were sequestered in storage compartments in the coelomic cells or fluid. Other metals, such as cobalt, were not taken up at elevated concentrations. Although an increased accumulation of nickel was observed in E. fetida specimens pre-exposed to nickel, development of resistance or cross resistance was not observed in this species. In contrast, pre-exposed specimen exposed to elevated concentrations of nickel showed a higher sensitivity in terms of survival, indicating the absence of acclimatisation or even genetic adaptation. A comparison of the two species employed indicated that A. caliginosa was less suited for the assessment of the ultramafic soils due to the high individual variation in metal body burden, the mass loss observed and the slow reproduction rate even in the control soils. This happened despite the fact that A. caliginosa was a soil dwelling species supposed to be better adapted to the soil substrate than the litter dwelling E. fetida. The toxicity of the ultramafic soils was not necessarily related to total or environmentally available amounts of the selected metals. Thus, it can be speculated that either these soils contained unidentified toxicants with resulting interactions between toxicants playing an important role or earthworms were able to remobilize metals occurring in these soils. As the singular application of an ecotoxicological endpoint did not give reliable results, especially seen over the duration of the exposures, it can be concluded that, when studying soils with such a complex composition, the utilisation of endpoints addressing different levels of organisation is necessary for the assessment of toxic stress emerging from these ultramafic soils.

O Brasil ocupa a quarta posição entre os maiores produtores mundiais de carne suína. Destaque nacional deve ser dado ao estado de Santa Catarina, que detém 25% da produção do Brasil. Em Santa Catarina, a intensificação da produção em pequena área territorial gera um grande aporte anual de dejetos de suínos por unidade de área agrícola. Isso se deve ao fato de que a alternativa mais utilizada para descarte desses resíduos é a sua aplicação como fertilizante agrícola, prática que tem gerado um dos maiores problemas de poluição ambiental, especialmente na região Oeste Catarinense. Poucos trabalhos com intuito de avaliar a toxicidade desse material aos organismos edáficos e sua interação com diferentes classes texturais de solos podem ser encontrados. Para avaliação desta toxicidade, uma ferramenta utilizada internacionalmente, e cada vez mais frequentemente no Brasil, é a ecotoxicologia terrestre. Esta técnica é utilizada para avaliar efeitos de substâncias que, quando adicionadas aos solos, causam impactos em organismos, mensurando as respostas de alterações na taxa de letalidade, reprodução, desenvolvimento e comportamento de organismos edáficos padronizados. Desta maneira, este estudo objetivou avaliar por meio de testes ecotoxicológicos os efeitos de doses crescentes de dejeto de suínos (D0: 0 m3 ha-1; D1: 25 m3 ha-1; D2: 50 m3 ha-1; D3: 75 m3 ha-1 e 100 m3 ha-1), em diferentes tipos de solo (Argissolo Vermelho Eutrófico S2; Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico S3 e Neossolo Quartzarênico S4 e Solo Artificial Tropical S1) na sobrevivência, reprodução e comportamento de minhocas (Eisenia andrei) e colêmbolos (Folsomia candida), através de metodologias padronizadas internacionalmente. Os resultados das avaliações com Eisenia andrei mostraram que no solo com menor teor de argila a toxicidade do dejeto causou letalidade de 100% dos indivíduos nas duas maiores doses testadas. Para os testes de toxicidade crônica, avaliando o potencial reprodutivo, as doses testadas em Neossolo Quartzarênico tiveram efeitos negativos em Eisenia andrei, mas nos outros solos não ocorreu efeito perceptível. Os resultados obtidos para testes com Folsomia candida mostraram toxicidade em todas as doses testadas, causando letalidade significativa dos indivíduos na menor dose de dejeto aplicada e, baseado nessa resposta, doses menores foram usadas para avaliar efeito crônico e no comportamento (0 m3 ha-1, 10 m3 ha-1, 15 m3 ha-1, 20 m3 ha-1 e 25 m3 ha-1). Os efeitos das doses usadas para o teste de reprodução foram significativamente diferentes dos observados no controle causando redução no número de juvenis gerados em todos os solos testados. As doses D3 e D4 no S2, assim como todas as doses no S3 causaram significativa fuga de colêmbolos para o solo não contaminado. Os resultados obtidos revelam a importância da utilização de solos naturais de diferentes texturas e diferentes organismos na avaliação de toxicidade de dejetos de suínos e também mostram que nesse caso os resultados dos testes com solo artificial tropical não podem ser extrapolados para solos naturais. / Brazil occupies the fourth place worldwide among the largest swine producers. National highlight should be given to Santa Catarina State, which stands for 25% of this production. In this state, the intensification of the production in a small area leads to a yearly huge supply of swine manure per unit of agricultural area. This is due to the fact that the most used methods to dispose swine manure is its application as a fertilizer on soils, which has been causing one of the largest environmental pollution problems, especially in the Western region of Santa Catarina State. Very few studies are available aiming to evaluate swine manure toxicity on edaphic organisms and its interaction with different textural classes of soil. To evaluate this toxicity ecotoxicology has been used around the world, and increasingly in Brazil. This technique is used to assess the effects of substances that, when applied on soil, cause impacts on the organisms, measuring their responses with regard to mortality rates, reproduction, development and behavior of soil organisms. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate, by means of ecotoxicological tests the effects of increasing swine manure doses (D0: 0 m3 ha-1; D1: 25 m3 ha-1; D2: 50 m3 ha-1; D3: 75 m3 ha-1 e 100 m3 ha-1) in different types of soil (Ultisols - S2; Oxisol S3 and Entisols S4) and in an Tropical Artificial Soil S1, on the survival, reproduction and behavior of earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and springtails (Folsomia candida), using standard international methodologies. The results of Eisenia andrei evaluations showed that, in sandy soils, swine manure toxicity caused 100% mortality of the organisms at the two largest doses tested. For chronic toxicity tests, evaluating the reproductive potential, there were negative effects of tested doses on Eisenia andrei in Entisols, but for the other soils there was no perceptible effect. The results of Folsomia candida tests showed toxicity for all the tested doses, causing significant mortality of the organisms even at the smallest dose applied. Therefore, smaller doses were used to evaluate chronic and behavioral effects (0 m3 ha-1, 10 m3 ha-1, 15 m3 ha-1, 20 m3 ha-1 e 25 m3 ha-1). The effects of applied doses for the reproduction test were highly different from those observed in the control treatment, always causing reduction in the number of produced juveniles for all types of soil tested. The D3 and D4 doses for S2, as well as, all the doses for S3, showed significant avoidance of springtails towards the uncontaminated soil. These data show the importance of the usage of natural soils with different textural classes and also different organisms in the evaluation of swine manure toxicity. Also, they show that the results for artificial tropical soils cannot be extrapolated to natural soils.

Os mecanismos que regulam o desenvolvimento de micorrizas arbusculares (MAs) em condições de baixo e alto nível de P ainda são desconhecidos. Tem sido proposto que proteínas secretadas no apoplasto das raízes podem ter papel importante na regulação de MAs. A análise comparativa do proteoma do fluido intercelular (FI) de raízes colonizadas por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) com o de raízes não-colonizadas, em condições de baixo e alto nível de P, poderia contribuir para a elucidação dos mecanismos que controlam o desenvolvimento das MAs, e foi o objetivo deste trabalho. Plântulas de cana-de-açúcar foram inoculadas com Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum ou Gigaspora rosea e cultivadas em substrato esterilizado contendo 20 ou 200 mg P kg -1 . Oito semanas após a inoculação, as plantas foram colhidas, e os seguintes parâmetros avaliados: matéria seca da parte aérea, acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea e colonização micorrízica intrarradicular. Os resultados mostraram que, em condições de alto P, a taxa de colonização intrarradicular por G. clarum e G. etunicatum foi menor do que no controle com baixo P. Para a análise comparativa do proteoma do FI das raízes, quantidades iguais de proteínas de plantas não-inoculadas ou inoculadas com G. clarum, em condições de baixo P ou alto P, foram separadas por eletroforese bidimensional em gel de poliacrilamida desnaturante. A análise dos proteomas do FI das raízes revelou a predominância de proteínas ácidas. Nos proteomas do FI de raízes de cana-de-açúcar, em condições de baixo P, foram detectadas 49 proteínas. Destas, 8,2% apresentaram acúmulo induzido e 10,2% acúmulo suprimido (³50%) no FI de raízes colonizadas por G. clarum, em relação ao controle não-inoculado. Desse total, 13 proteínas foram detectadas somente no FI de raízes de plantas inoculadas e representam micorrizinas putativas ou proteínas fúngicas extracelulares, induzidas em condições de baixo P. Nos proteomas do FI de raízes de cana-de-açúcar, em condições de alto P, foram detectadas 56 proteínas. Destas, 8,9% apresentaram acúmulo induzido e 16,1% acúmulo suprimido (³50%) no FI de raízes colonizadas por G. clarum, em relação ao controle não-inoculado. Desse total, 12 proteínas foram detectadas somente no FI de raízes de plantas inoculadas e representam micorrizinas putativas ou proteínas fúngicas extracelulares, induzidas em condições de alto P. Comparando-se os proteomas do FI de raízes de plantas não-inoculadas, em condições de baixo e alto P, foram detectadas 16 proteínas únicas de condições de baixo P e 24 proteínas únicas de condições de alto P. Comparando-se os proteomas do FI de raízes de plantas inoculadas com G. clarum, em condições de baixo e alto P, foram detectadas 12 proteínas únicas de condições de baixo P e 5 proteínas únicas de condições de alto P. Essas proteínas podem ter papéis importantes, diretos ou indiretos, no controle de MAs. A caracterização das proteínas com acúmulo diferencial no FI de raízes de cana-de-açúcar por espectrometria de massa e/ou seqüenciamento N-terminal poderá contribuir para definir suas possíveis funções nas MAs. / The mechanisms controlling arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) development at different soil P concentrations are not understood. It has been proposed that proteins secreted in the root apoplast may have important roles in AM regulation. The analyses of the intercellular fluid (IF) proteome from sugarcane roots inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, grown at low or high P conditions, compared to the IF proteome from not-inoculated roots may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms controlling AM development, and was the aim of this work. Sugarcane seedlings were inoculated with Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum or Gigaspora rosea, and grown in sterilized substrate containing 20 or 200 mg P kg -1 . Eight weeks after inoculation, the plants were harvested and the following parameters evaluated: shoot dry weight, nutrients in the shoots and intraradical fungal growth. The results showed that intraradical colonization by G. clarum and G. etunicatum at high P conditions was significantly lower than at low P. Equal amounts of proteins were used to compare the proteome from the IF of not-inoculated and G. clarum inoculated roots, at low and high P conditions, using 2D-PAGE. The proteome analyses revealed the predominance of acidic proteins in the IF of sugarcane. A total of 49 proteins were detected in the IF of sugarcane at low P soil concentration. From those, 8.2% were induced and 10.2% suppressed (³ 50%) in the IF of roots inoculated with G. clarum, as compared to not-inoculated controls. Thirteen proteins were detected only in the IF of mycorrhizal roots, and represent putative mycorrhizins or extracellular fungal proteins induced at low P conditions. A total of 56 proteins were detected in the IF of sugarcane at high P conditions. From those, 8.9% were induced and 16.1% suppressed (³ 50%) in the IF of roots inoculated with G. clarum, as compared to not-inoculated controls. Twelve proteins were detected only in the IF of mycorrhizal roots, and represent putative mycorrhizins or extracellular fungal proteins, induced at high P conditions. Comparing the proteomes from the IF of non-inoculated sugarcane roots at low and high P conditions, 16 proteins were detected only at low P conditions, whereas 24 proteins were detected only at high P conditions. Comparing the proteomes from the IF of sugarcane roots inoculated with G. clarum at low and high P conditions, 12 proteins were detected only at low P conditions, whereas 5 proteins were detected only at high P conditions. Those proteins may be, direct or indirectly, involved in the development and/or efficiency of AM. Further characterization of those proteins by mass spectrometry and/or N-terminal sequencing would contribute to the determinations of their possible functions in AM.