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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Líquidos iônicos como aditivos em nanocompósitos de matrizes termoplásticas

Donato, Katarzyna Joanna Zawada January 2016 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram investigados sistemas de sílica sintetizados via processo sol-gel na presença de líquidos iônicos imidazólicos (LI) e sua aplicação como cargas em matrizes termoplásticas de álcool polivinílico altamente amorfo (PVOH) e polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD). Os híbridos de sílica-LI foram preparados através de um processo sol-gel na presença de LI com diferentes cátions e ânions, utilizando tetraetoxisilano (TEOS) como precursor. Em uma primeira etapa, as propriedades dos géis e dos xerogéis modificados formados foram estudados em detalhes. Para avaliar as morfologias dos xerogéis, um conjunto complementar de microscopias de transmissão (TEM), de varredura (SEM) e de força atômica (AFM) foi utilizado. Difração de raios X (XRD), espalhamento de raios X em baixo e amplo ângulo (SWAXS), isoterma de adsorção-dessorção de nitrogênio (BET e BJH) e análise termogravimétrica (TGA) foram utilizados para investigar os parâmetros estruturais e térmicos. Na segunda parte da pesquisa, os híbridos sílica-LI em diferentes condições: maturados e secos (xerogel), apenas hidrolisados (sol) ou precipitados; foram processados com PEAD no estado fundido em câmera de misturas. Já os nanocompósitos de PVOH foram preparados via processo casting, onde ocorre a evaporação de solvente da solução aquosa do polímero simultaneamente com a reação de condensação in situ dos híbridos sílica-LI a partir da sol pré-hidrolizada Nanocompósitos com adição de 3% (em massa) de nanocarga em matriz polimérica foram obtidos utilizando menos que 1% de LI nos processos. As propriedades térmicas dos sistemas foram investigadas por análise exploratória diferencial (DSC) e por TGA. As estruturas e morfologias foram analisadas por SWAXS, TEM e SEM. As propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas por análises dinâmico-mecânicas (DMA) e testes de tração, enquanto suas propriedades de barreira foram determinadas por testes de permeabilidade ao vapor d’água. Nestes sistemas os LI controlam parâmetros estruturais e interfaciais influenciando tamanho, forma, distribuição e orientação das cargas, além de atuar como compatibilizantes entre carga e matriz polimérica. Com isso, os LI fornecem aos nanocompósitos finais melhorias nas propriedades físico-químicas e termomecânicas, como rigidez, elasticidade, propriedades de barreira e resistência térmica. / In this study, sol-gel silica systems synthesized with imidazolium ionic liquids (IL) and their use as fillers in high amorphous polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) were investigated. The silica hybrids were prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a silica precursor in a sol-gel process in the presence of IL, with different cations and anions. In the first step, the properties of the gels and xerogels were studied in details. In order to evaluate the xerogels morphologies, the complementary set of transmission (TEM), scanning (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopies was used. X-ray diffraction (XRD), small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET and BJH) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were used to investigate structural and thermal parameters. In the second part of the study, silica-IL hybrids were melt-mixed with HDPE in different curing stages: matured and dry (xerogel), pre-hydrolyzed (sol) or precipitated. The nanocomposites of PVOH were prepared via casting from the prehydrolyzed sol, where the aqueous solution evaporation and in situ condensation of silica-IL hybrids occur simultaneously Nanocomposites reinforced with 3 wt.-% of nanofiller were obtained using less than 1% of IL in the processes. The thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA. The structures and morphologies were evaluated by SWAXS, TEM and SEM. The mechanical properties were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests, while barrier properties were determined via water vapor permeability tests. In these systems IL controlled the structural and interfacial parameters influencing size, form, distribution and orientation of the filler and acted as compatibility agents between filler and polymer matrix. Thus, IL provided improvements in physico-chemical and thermo-mechanical properties, e.g. toughness, elasticity, barrier properties and thermal resistance, to the final nanocomposites.
42

Uso da metodologia sol-gel na preparação de materiais amorfos e nanoestruturados à base de sílica contendo grupos orgânicos com propriedades específicas

Grando, Sílvia Regina January 2014 (has links)
Nesse trabalho foram desenvolvidos novos materiais à base de sílica, amorfos e nanoestruturados, pelo método sol-gel de síntese e a adição de precursores com grupos funcionais específicos. Inicialmente foi investigado o comportamento fotofísico de benzazolas dispersas em xerogéis híbridos com diferentes hidrofobicidades, preparados com a adição de diferentes porcentagens molares do precursor dimetildimetoxisilano (DDMS). Nos espectros normalizados de emissão de fluorescência do corante 2-(5’-amino-2’-hidroxifenil) benzimidazol (5-AHBI) disperso nos xerogéis híbridos foram observadas duas bandas, uma delas atribuída a emissão normal (N*) e a outra atribuída a emissão pelo mecanismo de transferência protônica intramolecular no estado excitado - ESIPT (E*), com deslocamento de Stokes próximo a 150 nm. Nos híbridos contendo o corante 2-(5’-amino-2’-hidroxifenil) benzotiazol (5-AHBT), observou-se uma banda bastante alargada em que a emissão de fluorescência mostrou-se dependente da polaridade da matriz, com a emissão máxima variando de 496 para 533 nm com o aumento da porcentagem de DDMS nas sínteses. Sílicas mesoporosas ordenadas do tipo MCM-41 e SBA-15 foram sintetizadas e os resultados de difração de raios X (XRD) e das isotermas de adsorção-dessorção de N2 desses materiais mostraram organização hexagonal de poros, elevadas áreas superficiais específicas, volume de poros de 0,90 cm3 g-1 e distribuição uniforme de mesoporos. Adicionalmente, o uso de autoclave na síntese da sílica MCM-41 parece ter contribuído para uma melhor organização estrutural. Nanopartículas de paládio (NPPd) estabilizadas em solução aquosa pelo silsesquioxano iônico DABCOSIL foram então suportadas nas sílicas mesoporosas ordenadas. As imagens de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM) mostraram NPPd com tamanho médio de 4 nm nos canais da matriz de sílica SBA-15, que se mostrou mais eficiente como suporte das NPPd em relação à sílica MCM-41. A sílica SBA-15 contendo as NPPd foi utilizada como catalisador heterogêneo em reações de acoplamento Suzuki, com taxas de conversão na ordem de 90 % para o 4-bromotolueno após quatro ciclos de reação. A influência da quantidade e do tipo de precursor contendo grupos orgânicos em ponte na formação de Organossílicas Mesoporosas Ordenadas (PMOs) também foi investigada. Foram preparadas PMOs usando-se o precursor 1,4-bis(trietoxisililpropilureido) benzeno (BDU) em diferentes porcentagens molares e brometo de hexadeciltrimetilamônio (CTAB) como agente direcionador de estrutura, em meio básico. O aumento da quantidade do grupo orgânico do precursor nos híbridos foi confirmada por análise elementar (CHN), análise termogravimétrica (TGA), ressonância magnética nuclear no estado sólido (29Si-NMR) e espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho (FTIR). As propriedades estruturais e texturais dos híbridos foram analisadas por difração de raios X (XRD) e isotermas de adsorção-dessorção de N2 respectivamente, observando-se que o aumento na porcentagem de BDU provocou diminuição na organização estrutural e colapso dos mesoporos. Também foram preparadas PMOs com o silsesquioxano iônico DABCOSIL, usando-se diferentes direcionadores de estrutura e variando-se o pH do meio. O híbrido sintetizado de forma semelhante à sílica MCM-41 contendo o silsesquioxano iônico DABCOSIL, designado por MDABCO, mostrou maior organização estrutural que o híbrido preparado com o precursor BDU, nas mesmas condições de síntese. Imagens de TEM indicaram a presença de organização hexagonal de mesoporos para o híbrido designado por SDABCO, obtido com o silsesquioxano iônico DABCOSIL em condições experimentais semelhantes à sílica SBA-15. O híbrido SDABCO apresentou elevada área específica (610,5 m2 g-1), distribuição unimodal de mesoporos com máximo em aproximadamente 6,2 nm e volume de poros de 0,87 cm3 g-1. Os resultados indicaram que a incorporação do DABCOSIL na formação de PMOs ocorreu preservando a estrutura hexagonal, o volume e tamanho de poros. Em outro trabalho, foram obtidas diferentes matrizes à base de sílica contendo o organossilano fluorescente 2,5-bis(3-(3-trietoxisilil)propil) ureido)tereftalato de dietila (BT) ligado quimicamente. Os híbridos obtidos pelo método da co-condensação (BTC) e pelo método de enxerto (BTG) mostraram organização hexagonal de poros, que foi confirmada pelas imagens de TEM e pelos resultados de XRD. Estes híbridos apresentaram distribuição uniforme de mesoporos em torno de 6 nm e áreas superficiais específicas na faixa de 600 m2 g-1, maiores do que os valores encontrados para o xerogel híbrido BTX. A análise morfológica do híbrido BTG foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM), sendo observadas partículas com uniformidade de tamanho e morfologia. O estudo fotofísico dos híbridos com o corante BT foi realizado por espectroscopia de refletância difusa na região do UV-Vis e por medidas de emissão de fluorescência no estado sólido. Os novos materiais híbridos fluorescentes apresentaram propriedades fotofísicas similares ao corante em etanol, indicando que nos híbridos o corante encontra-se disperso no nível molecular e sua estrutura eletrônica não foi perturbada de forma significativa após sua inserção nas matrizes sólidas. / In this work new silica based materials, amorphous and with nanostructural organization, were developed by the sol-gel method and the addition of precursors with specific functional groups. Initially it was investigated the photophysical behavior of benzazoles dispersed in hybrid xerogels with different hydrophobicities, which were prepared by the addition of different molar percentages of dimethoxydimethylsilane (DDMS) precursor. Two bands were observed in the normalized fluorescent emission spectra of 2-(5-amino-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole dye (5-AHBI) dispersed in the hybrid xerogels. One is ascribed to normal emission (N*) and another to the Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer - ESIPT emission (E*), with Stokes shift near to 150 nm. For the xerogels containing the 2-(5-amino-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole dye (5-AHBT) it was observed a large band where the fluorescence emission was dependent on the matrix polarity, with the maximum emission varying from 496 to 533 nm in the xerogels with 0 to 50 % of DDMS. Ordered mesoporous silica MCM-41 e SBA-15 were synthesized and the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and of N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of these materials showed hexagonal organization, high specific surface areas, pore volume of 0,90 cm3 g-1 and uniform distribution of mesopores. Additionally the use of the autoclave in the synthesis of silica MCM-41 seems to have contributed to the improvement of the structural organization. Palladium nanoparticles (NPPd) stabilized in aqueous solution by the ionic silsesquioxane DACOSIL was supported in the mesoporous silica. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed NPPd with average size of 4 nm in the SBA-15 silica channels, which showed to be more efficient as support for NPPd than the MCM-41 silica. The silica SBA15 containing the NPPd was applied as heterogeneous catalyst in Suzuki coupling reactions, with conversion rates near 90% after four cycles of reaction with the 4-bromotoluene. The influence of the quantity and of the type of precursor containing bridged organic groups, in the formation of Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (PMOs) was investigated. The precursor 1,4-bridged diureylenebenzene silsesquioxanes (BDU) was used in different molar percentages in the synthesis of PMOs using cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAB) as structural directing agent in basic medium. The increasing in the amount of precursor organic group in the hybrids was confirmed by elemental analysis (CHN), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si-NMR) and infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). The structural and textural properties of hybrids were obtained by XRD and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms respectively, being observed that the increasing in the BDU percentage caused the decreasing in the structural organization and the collapse of mesopores. Other PMOs, called MDABCO and SDABCO, were prepared with the ionic silsesquioxane DACOSIL, using different structural directing agents and changing the pH of medium. The hybrid prepared in the similar way to MCM41 silica containing the ionic silsesquioxane dabcosil, called MDABCO, showed higher structural organization than the hybrid prepared with the BDU precursor, in the same synthesis conditions. For the hybrid SDABCO, which was obtained in similar experimental conditions to SBA-15 silica, the TEM images indicated the presence of hexagonal organization. The hybrid SDABCO also showed high specific surface area (610,5 m2 g-1), unimodal mesopore distribution with maximum near 6.2 nm and pore volume of ,87 cm3g-1. The results indicated that the incorporation of DABCOSIL in the PMOs formation occurred preserving the hexagonal structure, the pore volume and size. In another work different silica based matrices containing the fluorescent organosilane diethyl 2,5-bis[N,N-(3-triethoxysilyl)propylurea]terephtalate (BT) chemically bonded were obtained. The hybrids BTC and BTG, obtained by co-condensation method and grafting respectively, showed hexagonal organization that was confirmed by TEM images and by the XRD results. These hybrids showed uniform mesopore distribution near 6 nm and specific surface areas of 600 m2 g-1, which were higher than values found for the hybrid xerogel BTX. The morphological analysis of the BTG hybrid was made using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), being observed particles with uniform size and morphology. The photophysical study of hybrids with the BT dye was made by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the UV-Vis region and by solid state fluorescence emission measurements. The new hybrid fluorescent materials presented photophysical properties similar to the dyes in ethanol, indicating that in the hybrids the dye is dispersed in molecular level and its electronic structure was not disturbed in significant form after the insertion in solid matrices.
43

Investigation on the ZnO Thin Film for Optoelectronic Device Application

Lin, Shu-Ching 22 January 2008 (has links)
In recent years, transparent and conductive layers of some metallic oxide, such as cadmium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, can be used for semiconducting transparent coatings. Transparent electronics are nowadays a crucial technology for the next generation of optoelectronic devices. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a II-VI compound semiconductor with a wide direct bandgap of 3.37 eV. Therefore, ZnO based transparent thin film transistors (TFTs) have been studied extensively. For the wide variety of applications, numerous ZnO films preparation methods have been attempted. In this thesis, the devices of ZnZrO active channel layers were fabricated by the sol-gel spin-coating method. These ZnZrO TFTs were fabricated by bottom-gate bottom-contact-type TFTs. The Experimental results have shown that the electrical properties of the ZnZrO TFTs are strongly dependent on visible light and ambient oxygen. In addition, in this study, the results concerning the influence of temperature on the electrical properties of ZnZrO TFTs also have been discussed. Finally, except for the application of switch devices, the ZnZrO TFTs by sol-gel spin-coating process exhibits a potential application for gas sensors.
44

Système instrumental pour la rhéologie ultrasonore

Ould Ehssein, Chighali Gindre, Marcel January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Reproduction de : Thèse doctorat : Electronique : Université de Cergy-Pontoise : 2006. / Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr. p.137-139. Index.
45

Synthesis and characterisation of novel inorganic polymer electrolytes

Varcoe, John Robert January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
46

Surface Modification for Digital Microfluidic Devices

Shahrestani, Seyedeh Niko 22 September 2009 (has links)
Digital Microfluidics (DMF) is a new field of science and technology that introduces movement of nanoliter to microliter size droplets on patterned electrodes. Droplets can be moved, dispensed, merged, and split on devices. Sequential chemical reaction, and DNA extraction are examples of biological applications of DMF. In this thesis, sol-gel technology has been used as a coating method for thin film fabrication. Sol-gel is suitable for coating thin films with flexible shapes. BaTiO3 was used as a dielectric material for coating the insulator layer of the device. The material was spin coated on glass substrates. Devices were coated spinning at 500 rpm for 45 s, and annealed at 600 °C for 2hrs. The ceramic layer obtained, had a thickness of ~1 µm and average roughness of 60 nm. Nanoliter size droplets of water of ~400 nl were moved on the surface of the devices applying minimum voltage of 30 Volts.
47

Surface Modification for Digital Microfluidic Devices

Shahrestani, Seyedeh Niko 22 September 2009 (has links)
Digital Microfluidics (DMF) is a new field of science and technology that introduces movement of nanoliter to microliter size droplets on patterned electrodes. Droplets can be moved, dispensed, merged, and split on devices. Sequential chemical reaction, and DNA extraction are examples of biological applications of DMF. In this thesis, sol-gel technology has been used as a coating method for thin film fabrication. Sol-gel is suitable for coating thin films with flexible shapes. BaTiO3 was used as a dielectric material for coating the insulator layer of the device. The material was spin coated on glass substrates. Devices were coated spinning at 500 rpm for 45 s, and annealed at 600 °C for 2hrs. The ceramic layer obtained, had a thickness of ~1 µm and average roughness of 60 nm. Nanoliter size droplets of water of ~400 nl were moved on the surface of the devices applying minimum voltage of 30 Volts.
48

Raman-Spektroskopie hybridpolymerer Sol-Gel-Materialien vom Sol bis zur Schicht /

Gigant, Karine. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Würzburg.
49

Synthesis and characterization of novel stationary phases for model and catalytic reactions in interphases and new Polysiloxane matrices

Brugger, Stefan. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
University, Diss., 2001--Tübingen.
50

Sol-Gel-Übergänge in Tonmineraldispersionen

Donner, Gabriele. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Kiel.

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