Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2018-06-07T14:11:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane de Souza Paulino.pdf: 1130844 bytes, checksum: 399c5ddacf47b5308611c4a24ae8b9f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-07T14:11:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane de Souza Paulino.pdf: 1130844 bytes, checksum: 399c5ddacf47b5308611c4a24ae8b9f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / The functional andromonoecy present in the genus Solanum, gives it a peculiar character, where hermaphrodite flowers with short stylet behave as masculine and hermaphrodite flowers with long stylet as fruit formers. With the objective of analyzing the reproductive biology of Solanum paniculatum L., Solanum stramoniifolium Jacq. and Solanum torvum Sw., it was investigated morphofunctional aspects of its flowers and the reproductive system. The work was carried out in anthropic areas near the campus of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE (8 ° 01'05 "S and 34 ° 56'48" W) and at the edge of the forest at Dois Irmãos State Park - PEDI ( 8 ° 07'30 "S and 34 ° 52'30" W). Pollen viability, pollen / ovule ratio, morphometry, floral biology and morphs distribution were evaluated in inflorescences / individual / species. In addition to intra and inter morphic crosses, in the manual treatments of self-pollination and cross-pollination, slides were made for analysis and pollen tube growth observation. Solanum paniculatum has a pale violet corolla; S. stramoniifolium and S. torvum exhibit white flowers. The species have flowers that have the stylet passing the cone of the anthers and flowers in which the stylet is below the level of the anthers. In addition, they have significant morphological differences only at the stylet level, with polymorphism at the stylet level. For S. paniculatum, the mean value recorded was 1.2 cm (± 0.06) for long-styled flowers and 0.4 cm (± 0.06) for short-styled flowers. For S. stramoniifolium, it was 0.9 cm (± 0.06) for flowers that have a stylet exceeding the anthers cone and 0.31 cm (± 0.07) for short-styled flowers. The species S. torvum was 0.9 cm (± 0.17) for long-styled flowers and 0.3 cm (± 0.07) for short-styled flowers. There is a defined pattern for the proportion of long-styled and / or short-styled flowers in an inflorescence or even in individuals, where more than 80% of flowers have stilettoes that extend beyond the anther cone. Generally, long-styled flowers of S. stramonifolium are found in basal positions of inflorescences and short-styled flowers in distal positions. This pattern was not observed in S. paniculatum and S. torvum. The analyzed morphs offer pollen viability above 97% and high pollen/ovum ratio. Solanum paniculatum and S. stramoniifolium are self-incompatible, presenting mechanisms of gametophytic self-incompatibility. Already S. torvum is self-compatible. All three are considered as crossbreeds. Only the long styled flowers formed pollen tube that reached the eggs after 24h. Short-styled flowers, however, did not form a pollen tube in any treatment. In view of the above, the species can be classified as functional andromonoic, where short stylet flowers act as male and long styloff flowers as hermaphrodite, having reproductive capacity. / A andromonoicia funcional presente no gênero Solanum lhe confere um caráter peculiar, onde flores hermafroditas com estilete curto se comportam como masculinas e flores hermafrodita com estilete longo como formadoras de frutos. Com o objetivo de analisar a biologia reprodutiva de Solanum paniculatum L., Solanum stramoniifolium Jacq. e Solanum torvum Sw., foi investigado aspectos morfofuncionais de suas flores e o sistema reprodutivo. O trabalho foi realizado em áreas antropizadas nas proximidades do campus da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE (8°01'05"S e 34°56'48"W) e na borda da mata do Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos - PEDI (8°07'30"S e 34°52'30"W). Foram realizadas análises de viabilidade polínica, razão pólen/óvulo, morfometria, biologia floral e distribuição dos morfos nas inflorescências/indivíduo/espécie. Além de cruzamentos intra e inter morfos, nos tratamentos manual de autopolinização e polinização cruzada, sendo feitas lâminas para análise e observação do crescimento do tubo polínico. As espécies apresentam tanto flores que possuem o estilete ultrapassando o cone das anteras quanto flores em que o estilete fica abaixo do nível das anteras. Além disso, possuem diferenças morfológicas significativas apenas ao nível do estilete, apresentando polimorfismo a nível do estilete. Para S. paniculatum o valor médio do estilete foi de 1,2 cm (± 0,06) para flores de estilete longo e 0,4 cm (± 0,06) para flores de estilete curto. Já para S. stramoniifolium, o valor médio do estilete foi de 0,9 cm ( ± 0,06) para flores que possuem estilete ultrapassando o cone das anteras e 0,31 cm ( ± 0,07) para flores de estilete curto. Quanto à espécie S. torvum o valor médio do estilete foi de 0, 9 cm ( ± 0,17) para flores de estiletes longos e 0,3 cm (± 0,07) para flores de estilete curto. Existe um padrão definido quanto à proporção de flores de estilete longo e/ou estilete curto numa inflorescência ou mesmo nos indivíduos, onde mais de 80% das flores possuem estiletes que ultrapassam o cone das anteras. Geralmente, flores de estilete longo de S. stramoniifolium encontra-se em posições basais das inflorescências e as flores de estilete curto em posições distais. Esse padrão não foi obervado em S. paniculatum e S. torvum. Os morfos analisados oferecem viabilidade polínica acima de 97% e alta taxa de razão pólen/óvulo. Solanum paniculatum e S. stramoniifolium são autoincompatíveis, apresentando mecanismos de autoincompatibilidade gametofítica. Já S. torvum é autocompatível. As três espécies são consideradas alógamas. Apenas as flores de estilete longo formaram tubo polínico que alcançaram os óvulos após 24h. Já as flores de estilete curto não formaram tubo polínico em nenhum tratamento. Diante do exposto, as espécies podem ser enquadradas como andromonoicas funcionais, onde flores de estilete curto atuam como masculinas e flores de estilete longo como hermafroditas, possuindo a capacidade de reprodução.

Analyse de la diversité inter et intra-spécifique des paramètres de l’architecture des systèmes racinaires chez les Solanacées. Les racines des plantes jouent un rôle important pour garantir productivité et résistance à de nombreux stress. Dans le nouveau contexte agricole, l’importance de ce système racinaire et de sonarchitecture sont remises au premier plan. Notre étude porte sur la dynamique de l’architecture racinaire des solanacées, qui contient un ensemble d’espèces horticoles importantes pour l’alimentation. Notre travail porte sur 32 génotypes, parmi 3 groupes d’espèces: aubergines, piments et tomates.Dans cette étude, nous proposons tout d’abord une analyse de la diversité inter et intraspécifique de l’architecture racinaire à travers l’évaluation d’un ensemble de traits qui sont aussi les paramètres d’un modèle dynamique de simulation (ArchiSimple : Pagès et al, 2012). Cette première évaluation a été faite en pots, en utilisant un milieu très favorable à la croissance des plantes et à l’enracinement. Nous montrons que les traits racinaires choisis présentent en effet des variations d’origine génétique, généralement plus fortes entre espèces qu’au sein des espèces. Nous avons également observé des corrélations entre certains traits qui révèlent des compromis ou des coordinations dans les processus de développement.Pour aller plus loin dans la signification des traits racinaires choisis et leur stabilité vis‐à‐vis des conditions environnementales, nous avons également évalué ces traits en conditions de culture hydroponique. C’est un milieu reconnu comme radicalement différent, intéressant pour les possibilités de visualisation des racines qu’il offre. Un dispositif avec des rhizotrons hydroponiques a été construit spécifiquement pour cette expérimentation. Nous avons confirmé, dans ces nouvelles conditions, les différences d’origine génétique entre les différents génotypes utilisés. De plus, nous avons comparé de manière systématique les valeurs de traits mesurés avec celles de la précédente expérimentation. Certains traits se révèlent stables ou très corrélés (e.g. diamètres, distances interramification)alors que d’autres présentent des différences beaucoup plus fortes (e.g. vitesses de croissance, vitesses d’émergence des racines adventives).Une troisième expérimentation, utilisant différentes combinaisons de greffage entre génotypes, nous a permis d’approfondir la question du contrôle des traits par des interactions au sein de la plante: soit à courte distance au sein du système racinaire, soit à plus longue distance parle système aérien. Deux traits importants ont été étudiés (le diamètre apical et la densité de ramification) en utilisant des combinaisons de génotypes ayant des valeurs contrastées par rapport à ces traits. Il en ressort des réponses très différentes, avec un effet marqué du greffon sur les111RésuméBui H.H. (2015), Diversité inter- et intra-spécifique des paramètres racinaires chez les Solanacées diamètres, révélant qu’une partie au moins du contrôle de ce trait est effectuée par le système aérien, et un effet faible ou inexistant du greffon sur la densité de ramification, révélant un contrôle local de ce trait, par des interactions à courte distance entre les racines. Cette expérimentation par greffage a montré un potentiel très intéressant pour mettre en lumière divers mécanismes de contrôle des traits au sein de la plante entière.Cette étude mérite d’être prolongée par des analyses plus systématiques des déterminismes de variation des traits de l’architecture racinaire, et par des simulations par modèle qui permettront de synthétiser les conséquences des variations de traits sur les performances globales des systèmes racinaires pour la prospection du sol. / Analysis of the inter and intra specific diversity of the parameters of the root system architecture in the Solanaceae.Plant roots play an important role to ensure the productivity and the resistance to manystresses. In new agricultural context, the importance of root system and its architecture are placed tothe forefront. Our study focuses on the root architecture dynamics of Solanaceae, which contains aseries of important horticultural species for the alimentation. Our work was based on 32 genotypesbelonging to three groups of species: aubergines, capsicums, and tomatoes.In this study, we propose firstly an analysis of inter‐ and intra ‐ specific diversity of rootarchitecture through evaluating a set of traits which are also the parameters of a dynamic simulationmodel (ArchiSimple: Pagès et al, 2012). The experiment in pots with a very favorable condition forplant growth and rooting was conducted for the first evaluation. It showed that the selected roottraits present an effect of genetic ‐ originated variations and this effect is usually stronger amongspecies than within species. We also found correlations between certain traits, which revealcompromises or coordinations in the developmental processes.In order to go deeper into the signification of selected root traits and their stability toenvironmental conditions, we also evaluated these traits in hydroponic culture. This environment isradically different, and interesting for its possibilities to visualize the roots. An experimental setupwith hydroponic rhizotrons was specially built for this experiment. In the new conditions, the genetic‐ originated differences between different genotypes used also were found. In addition, wecompared systematically the traits values with those of the previous experiment. Certain traits arestable or highly correlated (e.g., apical diameter, inter‐branch distance), while others are muchdifferent (e.g., root growth rate, emission rate of adventitious roots).In a third experiment, we used different grafting combinations between genotypes todeepen the question of the control of root traits by interactions within plant: either short distancecontrol within root system or long distance control by aerial system. Two important root traits (apicaldiameter and branching density) have been studied by grafting between genotypes which havecontrasting values on these traits. The different responses appear: a significant effect of scion ondiameters, which indicate that at least of this trait is controlled by shoot system, and a weak effect orno effect of scion on branching density, revealing the local control of this trait, by short distanceinteractions between the roots. This experiment showed a great potential of grafting to highlightvarious control mechanisms of root traits within whole plant.AbstractBui H.H. (2015), Diversité inter- et intra-spécifique des paramètres racinaires chez les Solanacées 113This study deserve to be extended by more systematic analysis of determinisms of variationsof root architecture traits, and by using simulation model which allow to integrate the consequencesof traits variations on global performances of root system for prospecting of soil.