学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(総合学術) / 甲第24948号 / 総総博第30号 / 新制||総総||5(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻 / (主査)教授 IALNAZOV Dimiter Savov, 教授 長山 浩章, 准教授 関山 健 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy / Kyoto University / DGAM

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This study analyses the environmental and health benefits associated with the use of renewable energy sources, focusing on the costs and savings involved. The research employs a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis approach, comparing the costs associated with generating energy from a 10 megawatts solar energy power plant versus a 10 megawatt hydropower plant. The data used in this research was gathered from a variety of sources, including government reports, academic studies, and industry publications. The analysis ensued a positive net benefit for both power plants, while the economic useful life of developing and implementing the solar plant is shorter, the long-term benefits of these technology outweighs that of the hydro power plant. The data indicates that renewable energy technologies can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, leading to substantial improvements in public health and environmental quality. Overall, this research indicates that investing in renewable energy sources is not only an environmentally responsible choice, but also a viable decision for the society.

Yes / The use of solar thermal energy for water desalination processes is increasing rapidly, particularly in areas where these resources are plentiful. However, solar energy plants are highly affected by the intermittency of day -night cycles and by low irradiation seasons. Although biomass fuel can be used as source of energy for thermal desalination processes, these resources are becoming increasingly scarce, expensive and seasonally available. Integration of solar-biomass technologies for water desalination process may provide the solution to these challenges. This work investigates design options of the Humidification-Dehumidification desalination system integration with the solar-biomass energies. The investigation is based on simulation of the process models in gPROMS platform. Results show that the solar-biomass integrated plant with a thermal storage system can save up to 57 % of the daily energy cost compared to conventional biomass plant. The integrated plant also cuts the CO2 emission by 59 %. Moreover, it has higher daily production capacity than conventional solar plants. / The authors wish to thank the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in the UK (CSC) for financial support under PhD Scholarships Plan for Low and Middle Income Countries.

The goal of this research was to develop stereochemically defined multimetallic systems for use as light absorbers and electron donor / light absorber dyads in photoinitiated electron transfer and electron collection. The basis for the stereochemical control was provided by the symmetric bridging ligands 2,3,5,6-tetra(pyridyl)pyrazine (tpp) and 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm). The symmetric bidentate ligand 4N-perylene was designed and the majority of the synthesis was completed. The bimetallic complexes [(tpy)M(tpp)Ru(LLL)]²⁺, where M = Ru or Os and LLL = Cl₃, (CH₃CN)₃, tpp, or (dpq)Cl, and the model monometallic complexes [(tpy)M(tpp)]²⁺, where M = Ru or Os, and [(tpy)Ru(CH₃CN)₃]²⁺ were synthesized and characterized using electrochemistry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry. The bimetallic complexes were investigated as potential light-absorber / electron-donor complexes to be used in larger supramolecular devices for photoinitiated electron collection and electron transfer. The electrochemistry showed that the relative energy of the metal orbitals is suitable for the metal in the (tpy)M(tpp) coordination environment to act as an electron donor. These bimetallic complexes possess extremely complicated UV-vis spectroscopy due to the number of possible transitions. The assignment of the UV-vis spectroscopy and the electrochemistry of these complexes was greatly facilitated by the UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry. The metal-to-metal charge transfer spectra of the mixed-valence species of the bimetallic complexes were obtained using NIR spectroelectrochemistry and indicate a significant degree of metal-metal communication through the bridging tpp. The bimetallic complexes [(tpy)Ru(tpp)Ru(tpy)]⁴⁺, [(tpy)Ru(tpp)Ru(tpp)]⁴⁺ [(tpy)Os(tpp)Ru(tpp)]⁴⁺, and [(tpy)Ru(tpp)Ru(CH₃CN)₃]⁴⁺ were found to have emission lifetimes on the order of 100 ns. The complexes [(bpy)₂Ru(bpm)]²⁺, [(bpy)₂Ru(bpm)Ru(bpy)₂]⁴⁺, [(bpm)₂IrCl₂]⁺, and {[(bpy)₂Ru(bpm)]₂IrCl₂}⁵⁺ were synthesized and characterized using electrochemistry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry. The complex {[(bpy)₂Ru(bpm)]₂IrCl₂}⁵⁺ is a LA-EC-LA device for photoinitiated electron collection. The UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry of these complexes facilitated the assignment of the UV-vis spectroscopy as well as the electrochemistry. The UV-vis spectrum of the electrochemically generated two electron reduced form of {[(bpy)₂Ru(bpm)]₂IrCl₂}⁵⁺ was obtained. This spectrum is critical in the understanding of future studies of the photochemically generated two electron reduced species. The symmetric, planar, bidentate bridging ligand 4N-perylene was designed. This ligand would eliminate some of the isomers associated with multimetallic complexes bridged by unsymmetric bidentate bridging ligands. The large π system of 4N-perylene would likely result in a low energy π* orbital compared to dpp, dpq, or bpm. The ligand 4N-perylene would hold bridged metals at a greater distance than 2,2'-bipyrimidine and should facilitate the formation of multimetallic complexes. The synthesis of 1,8-dichloro-2,7-naphthyridine has been completed. 1,8-dichloro-2,7-naphthyridine is a possible reactant in the homo-coupling reaction of a substituted 2,7-naphthyridine to form 4N-perylene. The stereochemically defined molecular systems developed in this work show great promise for use in larger supramolecular complexes designed for photoinitiated electron transfer and electron collection. / Ph. D.

The problem of incorporating non-dispatchable energy sources such as solar energy into electric utility capacity expansion programs is as yet unsolved. This thesis develops methods to incorporate solar energy as a decision variable into capacity planning and capacity expansion planning algorithms. The model is based on variable or intermittent availability of solar energy. For capacity planning, certain convexity properties are established which lead to an efficient decomposition process using a Newton-type search method. For the capacity expansion planning problem, a modification of Benders' Decomposition is applied, which breaks up the problem into a master program containing the solar decision variable, and a subproblem which involves an expansion problem in conventional equipment types. The primal solution to the subproblem is found with existing algorithms, the dual solution can be obtained from the primal solution employing a network interpretation of the problem. This analysis leads to an efficient tangential approximation method. Illustrative examples, computational experience and further generalizations are also provided. / Master of Science

The plan and design of a large housing development project by itself was a difficult task in the past, the energy issue made the options very limited, and the planner and/or engineer deal with the solution more often technically intended with or without considering the energy problem. This study is centered on the energy issue as part of the design decision making process. This study tries to integrate the energy use effects as part of the basic planning process, such as land use and building style dependent on the land contour as well as solar exposure; and the passive solar energy utilization as part of the design process where the solar use is not an add on solar system but an integrated part of the basic design scheme. A development summary of the analysis and process guideline is introduced for medium-low density housing project in an urban setting with an actual site as a case study to illustrate the process. / Master of Architecture

Increased need for alternative energy sources has instigated much interest in conversion of solar energy to other useful forms of energy. Semiconducting oxide thin films have potential applicability in photovoltaic conversion of solar energy to electrical energy and thermal energy collection or reflection. Pyrolytic thin films of Sn02-x and r. f. sputtered thin films of CoOx were prepared in this study and analyzed for electrical, optical,and structural characteristics. The experimental techniques used for this investigation were X-ray diffraction, visible and infrared spectrometry, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, heat treatment, and electrical resistivity measurement carried out at different temperatures. The information obtained from this investigation has shed new light on the cause for conductivity in SnO 20-Z. Chlorine impurity atoms were found ~o remain in the film due to incomplete pyrolytic decomposition. Of great interest was the finding that this chlorine was not affected by annealing of the films. Resistivity increases caused by annealing were shown to arise from film oxidation and interdiffusion of film with glass substrate. / Master of Science