Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-153).

Thesis (M.S.M.E)--Baylor University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-134).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 stefanelli_atp_me_bauru.pdf: 920548 bytes, checksum: c9a8a3f2e36438158756df4730e1a079 (MD5) / A preocupação com o meio ambiente e o aumento do custo da energia tem representado um estímulo na busca por fontes alternativas e renováveis de energia. Embora várias alternativas tenham sido cogitadas durante o processo, a energia solar sempre teve um papel importante nesta nova conjuntura. Este tipo de energia aumentou significativamente a sua participação na forma que é mais utilizada: o aquecimento direto de água. Embora outros usos da energia solar, como para geração de eletricidade, estejam em estudo no Brasil, os projetos neste sentido ainda são incipientes. No país, os principais aproveitamentos sustentáveis estão direcionados para o uso de várias formas de biomassa. Se em grande escala o uso da energia solar ainda não merece destaque, o seu uso em residências representa um caso de sucesso. Os sistemas de aquecimento baseados em energia solar podem ser direcionados tanto para uso doméstico como para uso em piscinas possui inúmeras vantagens como: a economia de outras fontes de energia e uma eficiência energética adequada. Uma das maiores restrições à difusão destes sistemas é o seu elevado custo inicial. Uma tentativa de reduzir este custo é substituição dos coletores solares tradicionais por um sistema de custo menor e, de preferência, boa eficiência. Considerando esta situação, neste trabalho propõe-se a análise da eficiência de um modelo de coletor solar para piscina composto de tubos de polietileno arranjados numa geometria em espiral. Estudos mostram que a utilização deste novo conceito de coletor solar para piscina pode reduzir o custo inicial de instalação, permitindo seu uso em substituição a modelos comerciais. Visando a eficiência térmica do coletor, foi montando um experimento de acordo com o padrão da norma brasileira e um modelo teórico baseado em expressões disponíveis na literatura... / Concern about the environment and the increasing in energy cost has been representing an incentive in finding alternative and renewable energy sources. Although several alternatives had been congitated during this times, solar energy was always an important role in this new context. This energy form has significantly increased its participation in the group that it is most commonly used: the water heating. While other uses of solar energy, such as for electricity generation, are being studied in Brazil, the tests in this direction are still incipient. In the country, the main sustainable energy source is the direct use of biomass. If large-scale use of solar energy don't deserves mention it use on residential devices is a sucess. Heating systems based on solar energy can be directed for both domestic use and for use in swimming pools. The heating of swimming pool water has many advantages such as: the economy of other energy sources and energy efficiency appropriate. One of the major constraints to the diffusion of these systems is their high initial cost. An attempt to reduce this cost is to replace the traditional solar collector system for a lower cost, and preferably good efficiency. Considering this situation, this work analyzes the efficiency of a solar collector device constructed with polyethylene tubes arranged in a spiral geometry. Studies show that the use of this new concept of solar collector for swimming pool can reduce the initial cost of installation, allowing its use in replacement of commercial models. To evaluate the thermal efficiency of the collector, an experiment was set up according to the Brazilian standards and a theoretical model based on expressions available in the literature. Using these tools, it was performed a comparative analysis between the homemade spiral type and a commercial collector. Based on the results obtained it was found that the thermal behavior of the two devices is very similar

Orientador: Vicente Luiz Scalon / Banca: André Luiz Seixlack / Banca: Délson Luiz Módolo / Resumo: A preocupação com o meio ambiente e o aumento do custo da energia tem representado um estímulo na busca por fontes alternativas e renováveis de energia. Embora várias alternativas tenham sido cogitadas durante o processo, a energia solar sempre teve um papel importante nesta nova conjuntura. Este tipo de energia aumentou significativamente a sua participação na forma que é mais utilizada: o aquecimento direto de água. Embora outros usos da energia solar, como para geração de eletricidade, estejam em estudo no Brasil, os projetos neste sentido ainda são incipientes. No país, os principais aproveitamentos sustentáveis estão direcionados para o uso de várias formas de biomassa. Se em grande escala o uso da energia solar ainda não merece destaque, o seu uso em residências representa um caso de sucesso. Os sistemas de aquecimento baseados em energia solar podem ser direcionados tanto para uso doméstico como para uso em piscinas possui inúmeras vantagens como: a economia de outras fontes de energia e uma eficiência energética adequada. Uma das maiores restrições à difusão destes sistemas é o seu elevado custo inicial. Uma tentativa de reduzir este custo é substituição dos coletores solares tradicionais por um sistema de custo menor e, de preferência, boa eficiência. Considerando esta situação, neste trabalho propõe-se a análise da eficiência de um modelo de coletor solar para piscina composto de tubos de polietileno arranjados numa geometria em espiral. Estudos mostram que a utilização deste novo conceito de coletor solar para piscina pode reduzir o custo inicial de instalação, permitindo seu uso em substituição a modelos comerciais. Visando a eficiência térmica do coletor, foi montando um experimento de acordo com o padrão da norma brasileira e um modelo teórico baseado em expressões disponíveis na literatura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Concern about the environment and the increasing in energy cost has been representing an incentive in finding alternative and renewable energy sources. Although several alternatives had been congitated during this times, solar energy was always an important role in this new context. This energy form has significantly increased its participation in the group that it is most commonly used: the water heating. While other uses of solar energy, such as for electricity generation, are being studied in Brazil, the tests in this direction are still incipient. In the country, the main sustainable energy source is the direct use of biomass. If large-scale use of solar energy don't deserves mention it use on residential devices is a sucess. Heating systems based on solar energy can be directed for both domestic use and for use in swimming pools. The heating of swimming pool water has many advantages such as: the economy of other energy sources and energy efficiency appropriate. One of the major constraints to the diffusion of these systems is their high initial cost. An attempt to reduce this cost is to replace the traditional solar collector system for a lower cost, and preferably good efficiency. Considering this situation, this work analyzes the efficiency of a solar collector device constructed with polyethylene tubes arranged in a spiral geometry. Studies show that the use of this new concept of solar collector for swimming pool can reduce the initial cost of installation, allowing its use in replacement of commercial models. To evaluate the thermal efficiency of the collector, an experiment was set up according to the Brazilian standards and a theoretical model based on expressions available in the literature. Using these tools, it was performed a comparative analysis between the homemade spiral type and a commercial collector. Based on the results obtained it was found that the thermal behavior of the two devices is very similar / Mestre

M.Ing. / A dissertation presented on the basic solar design principles such as sun-earth geometry, energy wavelengths, optics, incidence angles, parabolic collector configurations and design, materials for solar applications, efficiencies, etc to be considered in Solar Concentrating Collector design. These principles were applied in the design and fabrication of a prototype solar collector. The solar collector was tested to verify and correct mathematical models that were generated from existing literature; as well as for optimization work.

The diploma thesis studies the elaboration of project about thermal solar systém for all- season service. System is used for heating of outdoor pool and in the winter season for the heating of nearby garage in the village Lipůvka. The aim of the work was to make a proportioning, choosing the right parts and calculating the economic and ecologic balance.

The aim and objective of this research is to formulate and solve a multi-objective optimization problem for the optimal placement of multiple rows and multiple columns of fixed flat-plate solar collectors in a field. This is to maximize energy collected from the solar collectors and minimize the investment in terms of the field and collector cost. The resulting multi-objective optimization problem will be solved using genetic algorithm techniques. It is necessary to consider multiple columns of collectors as this can result in obtaining higher amounts of energy from these collectors when costs and maintenance or replacement of damaged parts are concerned. The formulation of such a problem is dependent on several factors, which include shading of collectors, inclination of collectors, distance between the collectors, latitude of location and the global solar radiation (direct beam and diffuse components). This leads to a multi-objective optimization problem. These kind of problems arise often in nature and can be difficult to solve. However the use of evolutionary algorithm techniques has proven effective in solving these kind of problems. Optimizing the distance between the collector rows, the distance between the collector columns and the collector inclination angle, can increase the amount of energy collected from a field of solar collectors thereby maximizing profit and improving return on investment. In this research, the multi-objective optimization problem is solved using two optimization approaches based on genetic algorithms. The first approach is the weighted sum approach where the multi-objective problem is simplified into a single objective optimization problem while the second approach is finding the Pareto front. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / MEng / Unrestricted

This dissertation addresses the flow control problem in hyperbolic heat transfer mechanisms. It raises in concentrated distributed solar collectors to enhance their production efficiency under the unpredictable variations of the solar energy and the external disturbances. These factors which are either locally measured (the solar irradiance) or inaccessible for measurement (the collectors’ cleanliness) affect the source term of the distributed model and represent a major difficulty for the control design. Moreover, the temperature in the collector can only be measured at the boundaries. In this dissertation, we propose new adaptive control approaches to provide the adequate level of heat while coping with the unpredictable varying disturbances. First, we design model based control strategies for a better efficiency, in terms of accuracy and response time, with a relatively reduced complexity. Second, we enhance the controllers with on-line adaptation laws to continuously update the efficient value of the external conditions. In this study, we approach the control problem using both, the infinite dimensional model (late lumping) and a finite dimensional approximate representation (early lumping). For the early lumping approach, we introduce a new reduced order bilinear approximate model for system analysis and control design. This approximate state representation is then used to derive a nonlinear state feedback resorting to Lyapunov stability theory. To compensate for the external disturbances and the approximation uncertainties, an adaptive controller is developed based on a phenomenological representation of the system dynamics. For the late lumping approach, we propose two PDE based controllers by stabilization of the reference tracking error distributed profile. The control laws are explicitly defined as functions of the available measurement. The first one is obtained using a direct approach for error stabilization while the second one is derived through a nonlinear mapping. Furthermore, we endow the nonlinear controllers with an adaptation law to cope with the unpredictable unmeasured disturbances. The proposed adaptation law is based on a Proportional plus Integral correction feedback. We show that the control objectives with the required performance can be achieved following both approaches, but yet are conditioned with the physical limitations of the system.

The diploma thesis studies the elaboration of project about thermal solar systém for all- season service. The aim of the work was to make a proportioning, choosing the right parts and calculating the economic and ecologic balance.

All-day experimental tests were performed to determine the thermal performance of two commercial integral storage collectors for solar domestic hot water systems. These tests were performed under a variety of ambient conditions and irradiance levels, both with and without forced circulation and noontime hot water draws. An analytical model was developed to predict the thermal performance of one of the two systems tested and predicted performance was compared with experimental results. Experimental and analytical results indicate that thermal stratification has a mininal effect on the daily collection efficiency of integral storage collector, so that a standard test similar to ASHRAE Standard 93-77 might reasonably be used to obtain the performance characteristics of the collection element of these systems. The results of an ASHRAE 93-77 type test might then be used to obtain performance ratings under ASHRAE Standard 95 procedures using an in-line heat source. The results of the present investigation may be used to validate such an ASHRAE 95 test method. / Master of Science