Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of British Columbia, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-141). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of British Columbia, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-141). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.A.)--Brock University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-94). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.A.)--Brock University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-94).

Orientador: José Irineu Gorla / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T21:41:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bertapelli_Fabio_M.pdf: 1796527 bytes, checksum: f8c8506268ba3996afe6db5e8313a108 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a composição corporal e o somatotipo de pessoas com idade entre 6 e 19 anos de idade de ambos os sexos com síndrome de Down, institucionalizados do município de Campinas - SP. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a composição corporal de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down. Os capítulos subseqüentes foram constituídos através da análise da prevalência de obesidade, topografia da gordura subcutânea e perfil somatotipológico, por meio da realização de treze medidas antropométricas, incluindo peso, estatura, diâmetros biepicondilar do fêmur e úmero, perímetros da perna medial e braço, dobras cutâneas tricipital, bicipital, subescapular, supra-ilíaca, abdominal, coxa e perna. Para determinação do percentual de gordura foram utilizadas as equações de Slaughter, Lohman e Boileau et al. (1988). Em relação à técnica do somatotipo, recorreu-se ao método de Heath e Carter (1967). O tratamento estatístico dos dados foi realizado através do pacote computadorizado R Commander 1.6-3 (Rcmdr) no software R plus, versão 2.12.1. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade e utilizada estatística descritiva (mediana e percentis 25 e 75), teste de Mann-Whitney e teste t para amostras independentes para comparação entre grupos etários, adotando-se como nível de significância (p _ 0,05). A concordância entre os valores de gordura e o componente de endomorfia, e os valores de massa magra e o componente de mesomorfia foram analisados através do teste de correlação momentoproduto de Pearson e Spearman para dados paramétricos e não paramétricos, respectivamente. De acordo com a revisão de literatura, meninos e meninas apresentaram quadros elevados de obesidade na maioria dos estudos. Em relação ao aspecto genético, a análise do gene RE Xbal foi fundamental para a compreensão dos genótipos envolvidos com o sobrepeso. Além disso, os aspectos ambientais indicaram baixos níveis no consumo de calorias e práticas de atividades físicas em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down comparados aos indivíduos sem a síndrome. Por fim, através da observação das variáveis fisiológicas, verificou-se a ocorrência de alterações no hormônio leptina e insulina, micronutriente zinco, colesterol, triglicérides e taxa metabólica basal. Com base nessas descobertas, foi possível concluir que os aspectos genéticos, ambientais e fisiológicos exerceram influências relativamente negativas sobre a composição corporal nos indivíduos com síndrome de Down. Em relação aos dados obtidos no presente estudo, a maioria dos indivíduos apresentou excesso de gordura, sendo encontrados valores superiores no sexo feminino em relação ao masculino, verificadas tanto na análise do percentual de gordura quanto nos valores somatotipológicos. Quanto à topografia da gordura subcutânea, a maioria apresentou maior concentração de gordura na coxa e menor depósito na região do bíceps. Diante dessas informações, considera-se que a avaliação da composição corporal e do somatotipo são recursos importantes para subsidiar pesquisadores e profissionais que atuam diretamente na melhora da qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition and somatotype of persons of both sexes aged between 6 and 19 years old with Down syndrome, institutionalized in the city of Campinas - SP. Initially, we performed a review of the literature regarding body composition of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Subsequent chapters were established by analyzing the prevalence of obesity and measure and profile of subcutaneous fat somatotype, by performing thirteen anthropometric measurements including weight, height, biepicondylar diameter of femur and humerus, medial perimeters of the leg and arm folds, triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdomen, thigh and leg. To measure the fat percentage, the equations of Slaughter, Boileau and Lohman et al. (1988) were used. The method of Heath and Carter (1967) was used in relation to the somatotype technique. The statistical treatment of data was performed using the computer package R Commander 1.6-3 (Rcmdr) in the software R, version 2.12.1. Data was tested for normality and used descriptive statistics (median and percentiles 25 and 75), Mann-Whitney and t test for independent samples to compare age groups, adopting the significance level (p _ 0,05). The relationship between the values of fat and endomorphic component, and the values of lean body mass and mesomorphy component were analyzed using the correlation test of Pearson product-moment and Spearman for parametric and nonparametric data, respectively. According to the literature review, boys and girls showed high incidence of obesity in most studies. Regarding the genetic aspect, the analysis of gene RE Xbal was essential to the understanding of the genotypes related to being overweight. In addition, environmental aspects indicated low levels of calorie intake and physical activity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome compared to individuals without the syndrome. Finally, by examining physiological variables, changes occurred in the levels of leptin, insulin, micronutrient zinc, cholesterol, triglycerides and basal metabolic rate. Grounded by these findings, it is possible to conclude that genetics, physiology and the environment exerted relatively negative influences on the body composition of individuals with Down syndrome. Regarding the data obtained in this study, most individuals had excess fat, with higher values seen in both the analysis of the percentage of fat and the somatotype values in females compared to males. In the measure of subcutaneous fat, the majority presented a higher concentration of fat in the thigh and lower deposits in the area of the biceps. With this information known, it is considered that the value of body composition and somatotype are important resources to support researchers and professionals who work directly towards improving the quality of life of children and adolescents with Down syndrome / Mestrado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Mestre em Educação Física

This thesis focuses on the relationship between body image and somatotypes in the young Czech student population. Previous studies have shown a relationship between body image and BMI, notwithstanding, somatotypes describe body morphology in a more detailed way. Somatotypes describe the amount of body fat (endomorphy), the amount of muscle mass and the robustness of bones (mesomorphy), and the length of arms and legs relative to the rest of the body (ectomorphy). Seventy-one women and seventy men participated in our study. They completed a battery of questionnaires (The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire; The Body Figure Scale of Dosedlová et al., 2008; Rosengerg's self-esteem scale; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - T; and Beck's Depression Inventory - II). Then they underwent an anthropometric measure of somatotype components (endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy) according to Carter and Heath's anthropometric method and were assigned to a certain somatotype. In our sample, there were 5 somatotypes in men (endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorphic mesomorph, mesomorph-ectomorph and ectomorph) and 6 somatotypes in women (endomorph, endomorph- mesomoroph, mesomorph, mesomorph-ectomorph, ectomorph and the central type). The questionnaires' scores were then statistically compared between...

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This thesis deals theoretically and practically with the relationship between the physical, especially constitutional, characteristics and temperament. Constitutional approaches, especially theories of Ernst Kretschmer and Wiliam Sheldon, belong to the oldest approaches in psychology that link these two aspects and perceive them as two sides of the same coin. Holistic approach linking psychological and physical aspects of personality can be found also in non-European medical systems. One of the oldest medical teaching in the world is Ayurveda. It integrates physique and temperament and uses them for therapeutical purposes. The subject of the theoretical part was to present these theories, guidelines and other areas, that strived for interconnection of the physical and psychological aspects of human individual. In the practical part the goal was to empirically assess the substantiation of somatic types used in Kretschmer's theory and Ayurveda. The next goal was to focus on the relationship of selected physical aspects and temperament. For these purposes we used a questionnaire 4 Elements Inventory which applies the metaphor of elements, that appears also in Ayurveda. Further we created Questionnaire of Physical Characteristics that consists of three parts: the first part inquires about the...

This study investigated the relationship between traditional masculine role norms, body image discrepancy, body appearance schemas, and sociocultural attitudes towards appearance in a sample of 495 Indian South African school going boys, between the ages of 13 and 18 years old. The main objective of this research study was to investigate the interrelationships between these variables in terms of how they relate to the experience of body image discrepancy for Indian males in the context of the regulatory norms and practices of traditional masculine ideology. Also examined were the traditional male role norms associated with the boys’ cognitive body appearance schemata. In addition this study attempted to identify the role played by the portrayal of Indian male somatoforms in Indian cinema on the personal and collective evaluation of masculine appearance for a sample of Indian school boys. The variables of interest were measured using the Masculine Role Norms Inventory (MRNI; Levant & Fisher, 1998), Lynch and Zellner’s Body Figure Drawings (1999), Appearance Schemas Inventory (ASI; Cash & Labarge, 1999), and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 (SATAQ-3; Thompson, van den Berg, Roehrig, Guarda, & Heinberg, 2004). The above constructs were considered in light of biographical questions which pertained to self-worth, the psycho-behavioural implications of pursuing an enhanced appearance, and Indian cinema. The findings of this study showed how a sample of South African Indian boys are defining and refining a localized masculine sense of self within the broader interplays of South African gender relations and masculinities. Analysis revealed the traditional masculine role norms of status-seeking, heterosexism, anti-femininity, and emotional stoicism, shared positive and significant correlations with body image discrepancy. Nontraditional masculine attitudes were similarly associated with body image discrepancy. Moreover it was shown that the influences of sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, and a more substantial investment in body appearance, were key ingredients for participants positioning an athletically muscular and toned male body as their ethnomorphological and masculine ideal. Finally, concerning trends in steroid and supplement use were illustrated as foremost risk behaviours associated with support for a muscularised, traditionally masculine subjective and normative agenda. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.