The purpose of this study was to examine the leadership practices of students affiliated with fraternities and sororities. In addition, this study explored the differences in leadership practices among members of the four governing councils of the fraternities and sororities present at the host institution. Data were collected by administering the Student Leadership Practices Inventory (SLPI, Kouzes & Posner, 2006) to affiliated members of fraternities and sororities enrolled at a major research institution located in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. This study was designed specifically to address the following research questions: 1. What are the leadership practices, as measured by the SLPI, of affiliated members of the Greek community? 2. What are the leadership practices, as measured by the SLPI, of the affiliated members of IFC chapters? 3. What are the leadership practices, as measured by the SLPI, of the affiliated members of NPC chapters? 4. What are the leadership practices, as measured by the SLPI, of the affiliated members of NPHC chapters? 5. What are the leadership practices, as measured by the SLPI, of the affiliated members of UCFS chapters? 6. What are the differences that exist in leadership practices, as measured by the SLPI, among the four governing councils? / Master of Arts

This report seeks to analyze photographic representation of sororities and fraternities in the University of Texas Cactus yearbooks between the years 1945 and 1970. I analyze changes in both candid and posed group portraits and put them in context of political activity on campus, as well as the growing extra-curricular options students were offered during college. Between 1945 and 1970, photos of University Panhellenic Council and Interfraternity Council Greeks in the Cactus changed dramatically, and I argue that this was the result of increasing polarization on campus between the liberal and conservative communities. While leftist political activity was highly visible, Greeks remained conservative, and their representation in the Cactus reflects their resulting shifting role on campus. Similarly, the change reflects an ever-growing number of extra-curricular activities that forced Greeks to share the spotlight with other student groups. / text

Class of 2016 Abstract / Objectives: To first educate undergraduates involved in social sororities about prescription stimulant medications and to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in influencing the attitudes and beliefs regarding prescription stimulant medication use of undergraduates involved in social sororities. Methods: The intervention, an educational session, was presented to undergraduates involved in social sororities. The questionnaire collected demographic data regarding gender, age, ethnicity, race, undergraduate year, grade point average, type of sorority member, history of an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis, and previous or current non-medical use of prescription stimulants. The participants’ attitudes and beliefs on nine statements regarding prescription stimulants were queried pre- and post-intervention using a four-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. To analyze changes in attitudes and beliefs, Mann-Whitney test was used. Results: One hundred sixty-three sorority members participated in the study. The average age of participants was 19 years with the majority of respondents identifying as an active sorority member (81%) and in their first year of undergraduate study (69%). There was a statistically significant change in beliefs regarding the safety (p < 0.01) and health risks (p = 0.02) associated with prescription stimulants. There was no significant difference in topics relating to addiction, legal issues of taking someone else’s prescription medications, emotional and academic outcomes from the use of prescription stimulants. Conclusions: The educational program presented by pharmacy students was effective in changing the beliefs and attitudes regarding safety and health risks of prescription stimulants among undergraduate students involved in social sororities.

The serious consequences and high prevalence rates of eating disorders among women have been well documented (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Birmingham, Su, Hlynasky, Goldner, & Gao, 2005; Crow, Praus, & Thuras, 1999; Steinhausen, 2009). Factors linked to the development of an eating disorder include competitiveness and group membership (Basow, Foran ,& Bookwala, 2007; Striegel-Moore, Silberstein, Grunberg, & Rodin, 1990). The purpose of this study was to further examine risk factors associated with eating disorder symptomatology by examining the role of sorority membership, different forms of competition, and relational aggression. Sorority membership was hypothesized to impact a participant’s eating disorder symptomatology, competitiveness, and relational aggression. Additionally, this study looked at three different forms of competition (Hypercompetition, Female Competition for mates, and Female Competition for status) and sought to understand which form of competitiveness best predicts eating disorder symptomatology. Female Competition for mates was hypothesized to best predict disordered eating. Lastly, relational aggression was expected to moderate the relationship between competition among women and eating disorder behaviors. An increase in relational aggression was hypothesized to strengthen the relationship between competition among women and eating disorder symptomatology. The reasoning for this relationship was based on an evolutionary framework that proposes aggression is needed to drive competition (Shuster, 1983). Participants included 407 undergraduate women, with a split of 211 sorority members and 196 non-sorority women. Measures included four subscales from the Eating Disorder Inventory (Garner et al., 1983), the Hypercompetitive Attitudes Scale (Ryckman et al., 1996), the Female Competition for mates scale, the Female Competition for status scale (Faer et al., 2005), and the Indirect Aggression Scale (Forrest et al., 2005). Separate regression analyses were conducted to answer each research question. Participants also answered qualitative questions after completing the surveys. Analyses revealed sorority membership significantly predicted a participant’s Female Competition for status. Female Competition for mates was found to best predict both body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness such that the higher a participant’s competition for mates score, the lower these eating disorder symptoms. No moderating effects of relational aggression were found in the model. Additionally, social desirability was included in the regressions as a means of controlling for a participant’s tendency to self-report desirably. An important surprise finding was that social desirability was a significant predictor of eating disorder symptomatology, competition, and relational aggression. Exploratory qualitative analyses suggested women’s acceptance of their bodies, while their conversations with friends included self-deprecating ways of discussing their appearance. Findings also suggest sorority membership predicts higher female competition for mates and status. Results reveal a relationship between competition and disordered eating which suggests important considerations for clinicians to explore with clients who may experience eating disorder symptomatology. / text

Class of 2017 Abstract / Objectives: To first educate undergraduates involved in social sororities about prescription stimulant medications and to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in influencing the attitudes and beliefs regarding prescription stimulant medication use of undergraduates involved in a social sorority. Methods: The intervention, an educational session, was presented to undergraduates involved in social sororities. Questionnaire that included demographic data of gender, age, ethnicity, race, undergraduate year, grade point average, type of member, history of an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis, and previous or current non-medical use of prescription stimulants were collected. The participants’ beliefs on nine statements regarding prescription stimulants were queried pre- and post-intervention using a four-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. To analyze change in attitudes and beliefs, Mann-Whitney test was used. Results: One hundred sixty-three sorority members participated in the study. The average age of participants was 19 years with the majority of respondents identifying as an active sorority member (81%) and in their first year of undergraduate study (69%). There was a statistically significant change in beliefs regarding the safety (p < 0.01) and health risks (p = 0.02) associated with prescription stimulants. There was no significant difference in topics relating to addiction, legality, emotional and academic outcomes from the use of prescription stimulants. Conclusions: The education session was effective in changing participants’ beliefs on safety and health risks of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants.

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which Greeks living in Greek housing experience outcomes associated with living in a learning community. Additionally, the study explored differences in the degree to which these outcomes were achieved by type of house (fraternity v. sorority) and type of control (university vs. private). Data were collected by administering the Learning Communities Assessment (LCA; Turrentine, 2001) to Greek students living in fraternity and sorority houses at a major research institution in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Specifically, the study was designed to address the following research questions: 1. To what extent do Greek students feel actively engaged in their communities as measured by the LCA? 2. To what extent do Greek students learn within their communities as measured by the LCA? 3. To what extent do Greek students feel a sense of community as measured by the LCA? 4. To what extent do Greek students feel their identity has been shaped by their community as measured by the LCA? 5. Are there differences in the extent to which Greek students feel actively engaged, learn, feel a sense of community, and feel their identity has been shaped by their community by type of house (sorority v. fraternity) as measured by the LCA? 6. Are there differences in the extent to which male Greek students feel actively engaged, learn, feel a sense of community, and feel their identity has been shaped by their community by type of control (university v. private) as measured by the LCA? / Master of Arts

When students leave home for college, many desire a sense of belonging. One way for students to cultivate this sense of belonging is by participating in formal and informal peer groups (Chickering & Reisser, 1993). Of all peer groups, Greek-lettered organizations, when serving as an effective peer group, have the most impact on its members (Chickering & Reisser, 1993). As Greek-lettered organizations evolved, pledge processes were created as a means of promoting group values and continuing traditions (Nuwer, 1999). However, this pledge process led to accidents and deaths (Kimbrough, 2003; Nuwer; 1999; Ruffins, 1999). As a result, Black Greek-lettered organizations (BGLOs) replaced their pledge process with a membership intake process (Kimbrough, 1997, 2003; Ruffins, 1999). Despite the end of pledging, BGLO members instituted 'underground pledging,' unsanctioned events that occurred before, during, and/or after the membership intake process as a way to continue the pledge process (Kimbrough, 2003). As a result, students still perceive the pledge process as an instrumental part of the Black Greek experience and continue to participate in unsanctioned pledge activities that lead to injuries and deaths (Geraghty, 1997; Jones, 2000; Morgan, 1998; Rodriguez, 1995; Ruffins, 1997; 2001). Very little research has been conducted on BGLOs. As such, it would seem that research is needed on how members experience and view the intake process. The present study attempted to address this gap by examining the activities that were associated with the membership intake process, as well as current undergraduate members' perceptions of the pledge and membership intake processes. / Master of Arts

The purpose of the study was to explore the experience of 13 Black, National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) sorority members as they relate to their academic achievement and civic engagement. Participants were female, upperclassmen students at four different Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), half private and the other public. Criterion, purposive, and snowball sampling were used to secure participants. Using the Community of Practice as a theoretical framework, which is comprised of five stages, participants’ experiences were described, analyzed, and interpreted to inform the study. Data were collected through individual phone interviews, using a semi-structured interview protocol, and were analyzed using inductive analysis. Four themes emerged from the inductive analysis and those themes derived subthemes: (a) Support- (1) academic support, (2) financial support, and (3) engaging and influence; (b) Academic Intention- (1) understanding academic achievement before sorority membership, and (2) understanding academic achievement after sorority membership; (c) Service- (a) civic engagement, (b) volunteering, and (c) filling a need; lastly, (d) Social Awareness- (a) personal service goals, (b) personal social responsibility, and (c) understanding civic engagement agents. The study provided implications for practitioners in higher education, such as the need to understand the historical significance, to advise these groups in a comprehensive manner, to conduct further research on the experiences of graduate chapter members caused by life experiences, and to identify sorority interests prior to membership for optimal outcomes. The study findings have implications for future support, research, and resources offered in helping these women navigate both student life and sorority membership. It is recommended that future researchers continue to examine the experiences of Black, NPHC sorority women, in order to inform higher education practitioners to better assist with their growth and development.

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