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Definition and evaluation of a dynamic source term module for use within RASTEP : A feasibility studyAlfheim, Per January 2012 (has links)
RASTEP (RApid Source TErm Prediction) is a computerized tool for use in the fast diagnosis of accidents in nuclear power plants and analysis of the subsequent radiological source term. The tool is based on a Bayesian Belief Network that is used to determine the most likely plant state which in turn is associated with a pre-calculated source term from level 2 PSA. In its current design the source term predicting abilities of RASTEP are not flexible enough. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to identify and evaluate different approaches of enhancing the source term module of RASTEP and provide the foundation for future implementations. Literature studies along with interviews and analysis have been carried out in order to identify possible methods and also to rank them according to feasibility. 4 main methods have been identified of which 2 are considered the most feasible in the short term. The other 2 might prove useful when their maturity level is strengthened. It is concluded from the study that the identified methods can be used in order to enhance RASTEP.
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Simulations expérimentale et numérique des effets retardés d'une explosion en milieu clos et en présence de produits liquidesMunier, Laurent 12 October 2011 (has links)
Peut-on modéliser de manière fiable les effets collatéraux (en termes de quantité ou concentration de produits éjectés) et les conséquences d’une explosion en milieu clos, et en présence de produits chimiques liquides ? Pour répondre à cette vaste question, qui soulève spontanément de nombreux sous-problèmes, les travaux de thèse se sont déroulés en trois temps : 1/une étude qualitative et semi-quantitative du scénario général, afin de comprendre le déroulement chronologique des évènements, et d’émettre les hypothèses nécessaires à une modélisation, 2 /L’étude systématique des effets d’une explosion en milieu clos, en présence ou non de produits liquides. Avant de modéliser la dégradation du produit liquide soumis à une température et à une pression élevées, les expérimentations préliminaires ont en effet fait apparaître la nécessité de quantifier dans le temps et dans l’espace, les effets thermiques et mécaniques d’une explosion à volume constant, 3/L’élaboration de modèles 0D(t) à partir des conclusions précédentes afin, d’une part, d’estimer la durée de vie d’une phase liquide dans un environnement thermodynamique contraint et, d’autre part, de démontrer la possibilité de modéliser le problème global de manière réduite. En effet, le terme source d’un tel évènement ne peut être modélisé par une libération ponctuelle de produit : il s’agit d’une libération étendue dans le temps, par le biais d’un écoulement chaud a priori diphasique et de débit variable. Les couplages des phénomènes, observés expérimentalement, rendent nécessaires : 1 - Une modélisation instationnaire de l’évolution de la pression et une estimation du niveau de température atteint dans le volume d’étude, après détonation d’une charge explosive, 2 - Une modélisation de la libération de la phase liquide dans l’enceinte, sous forme de gouttes millimétriques ou de gouttelettes microniques 3 - Une modélisation instationnaire des transferts couplés de masse et d’énergie entre la phase liquide et la phase gazeuse en présence et prise en compte d’éventuelles réactions chimiques à haute pression et haute température 4 - Et enfin, une modélisation instationnaire des rejets à la brèche. L’étude d’une explosion à volume constant a montré qu’il est possible de modéliser de manière simple la montée continue en pression de l’enceinte par une fonction exponentielle croissante. Pour une configuration de référence donnée – explosion d’une sphère d’explosif dans un parallélépipède – la valeur maximale de pression est directement proportionnelle au taux de chargement en explosif, sur l’intervalle [0,01 – 0,6] kg/m3. Le passage à une géométrie différente ou plus complexe demande l’introduction d’un coefficient correctif pour traduire l’amplification (ou l’atténuation) de la combustion turbulente des produits de détonation avec l’air ambiant. En ce qui concerne le champ de température par contre, notre analyse a montré qu’il coexiste des zones chaudes et des zones dites « froides » et que la valeur de température homogène finale calculée à partir d’un code thermochimique ne peut constituer qu’une simple indication. Seule une estimation du volume respectif de ces zones a été proposée ici. Nous avons établi que les propriétés physico-chimiques des produits stockés sont un point clef du problème et on suppose ces données connues pour une gamme de produits chimiques liquides à pression ambiante, communément utilisés dans l’industrie. Seul le phénomène d’évaporation a été développé dans ce mémoire. L’introduction de réactions chimiques entre constituants se traduirait dans les modèles par des termes sources supplémentaires liés à l’apparition ou la disparition d’espèces. / Is it possible to model collateral effects due to an explosion (on a chemical facility for instance) occuring in a closed volume containing liquid chemical products storage units ?This thesis deals with a zerodimensionnal modelisation of such a 3D complex problem to asses the final thermodynamic state of chemical products released in the atmosphere. Developped sub-models take into account:- the unsteady time histories of the internal overpressure and temperature,- the unsteady liquid ejection (droplets sizes)- the unsteady modelisation of the local heat and mass transfers between the gas phase and the liquid phase- the unsteady ejection process of the resulting multiphase mixture in the environment.Models and sub-models are validated thanks to many experimental results.
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Inverse Problems For A Semilinear Heat Equation With MemoryKaya, Mujdat 01 May 2005 (has links) (PDF)
ABSTRACT
INVERSE PROBLEMS FOR A SEMILINEAR HEAT
EQUATIONS WITH MEMORY
Kaya, Mü / jdat
Ph.D, Department of Mathematics
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. A. Okay Ç / elebi
Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Varga Kalantarov
May 2005, 79 pages
In this thesis, we study the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the inverse problems to identify the memory kernel k and the source term h, derived from
First, we obtain the structural stability for k, when p=1 and the coefficient p, when g( )= .
To identify the memory kernel, we find an operator equation after employing the half Fourier transformation. For the source term identification, we make use of the direct application of the final overdetermination conditions.
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Numerical investigation of wind input and spectral dissipation in evolution of wind waves.Tsagareli, Kakha January 2009 (has links)
The present study comprised an intensive investigation of the two newly proposed parameterisation forms for the wind input source term S[subscript]in (Donelan et a1., 2006) and the wave dissipation source term S[subscript]ds (Young and Babanin, 2006) proposed on the basis of the recent experimental findings at Lake George, New South Wales, Australia in 1997-2000. The main objective of this study was to obtain advanced spectral forms for the wind input source function S[subscript]in and wave spectral dissipation source function S[subscript]ds, which satisfy important physical constraints. A new approach was developed to achieve the objectives of this study, within the strong physical framework. This approach resulted in a new balance scheme between the energy source terms in the wave model, mentioned before as the split balance scheme (Badulin, 2006). The wave-induced stress was defined as the main physical constraint for a new wave model including recently suggested source functions for the wind input and wave dissipation source terms. Within this approach, a new methodology was developed for correction of the wind input source function S[subscript]in. Another important physical constraint was the consistency between the wave dissipation and the wind energy input to the waves. The new parameter, the dissipation rate, R, was introduced in this study, as the ratio of the wave dissipation energy to the wind input energy. The parameterisation form of the dissipation rate is presented as a function of the inverse wave age U ₁₀ / c[subscript]p Some aspects of wave spectral modelling regarding the shape of the wave spectrum and spectral saturation were revised. The two-phase behaviour of the spectral dissipation function was investigated in terms of the functional dependency of the coefficients a for the inherent wave breaking term and b for the forced dissipation term. The present study found that the both coefficients have functional dependence on the inverse wave age U ₁₀ / c[subscript]p and the spectral frequency. Based on the experimental data by Young and Babanin (2006), a new directional spreading function of bimodal shape was developed for the wave dissipation source term. The performance of the new spectral functions of the wind input S[subscript]in(f) and the wave dissipation S[subscript]ds(f) source terms was assessed using a new third-generation two-dimensional research wave model WAVETIME-I. The model incorporating the corrected source functions was able to reproduce the existing experimental data. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2009
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Numerical investigation of wind input and spectral dissipation in evolution of wind waves.Tsagareli, Kakha January 2009 (has links)
The present study comprised an intensive investigation of the two newly proposed parameterisation forms for the wind input source term S[subscript]in (Donelan et a1., 2006) and the wave dissipation source term S[subscript]ds (Young and Babanin, 2006) proposed on the basis of the recent experimental findings at Lake George, New South Wales, Australia in 1997-2000. The main objective of this study was to obtain advanced spectral forms for the wind input source function S[subscript]in and wave spectral dissipation source function S[subscript]ds, which satisfy important physical constraints. A new approach was developed to achieve the objectives of this study, within the strong physical framework. This approach resulted in a new balance scheme between the energy source terms in the wave model, mentioned before as the split balance scheme (Badulin, 2006). The wave-induced stress was defined as the main physical constraint for a new wave model including recently suggested source functions for the wind input and wave dissipation source terms. Within this approach, a new methodology was developed for correction of the wind input source function S[subscript]in. Another important physical constraint was the consistency between the wave dissipation and the wind energy input to the waves. The new parameter, the dissipation rate, R, was introduced in this study, as the ratio of the wave dissipation energy to the wind input energy. The parameterisation form of the dissipation rate is presented as a function of the inverse wave age U ₁₀ / c[subscript]p Some aspects of wave spectral modelling regarding the shape of the wave spectrum and spectral saturation were revised. The two-phase behaviour of the spectral dissipation function was investigated in terms of the functional dependency of the coefficients a for the inherent wave breaking term and b for the forced dissipation term. The present study found that the both coefficients have functional dependence on the inverse wave age U ₁₀ / c[subscript]p and the spectral frequency. Based on the experimental data by Young and Babanin (2006), a new directional spreading function of bimodal shape was developed for the wave dissipation source term. The performance of the new spectral functions of the wind input S[subscript]in(f) and the wave dissipation S[subscript]ds(f) source terms was assessed using a new third-generation two-dimensional research wave model WAVETIME-I. The model incorporating the corrected source functions was able to reproduce the existing experimental data. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2009
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Numerical investigation of wind input and spectral dissipation in evolution of wind waves.Tsagareli, Kakha January 2009 (has links)
The present study comprised an intensive investigation of the two newly proposed parameterisation forms for the wind input source term S[subscript]in (Donelan et a1., 2006) and the wave dissipation source term S[subscript]ds (Young and Babanin, 2006) proposed on the basis of the recent experimental findings at Lake George, New South Wales, Australia in 1997-2000. The main objective of this study was to obtain advanced spectral forms for the wind input source function S[subscript]in and wave spectral dissipation source function S[subscript]ds, which satisfy important physical constraints. A new approach was developed to achieve the objectives of this study, within the strong physical framework. This approach resulted in a new balance scheme between the energy source terms in the wave model, mentioned before as the split balance scheme (Badulin, 2006). The wave-induced stress was defined as the main physical constraint for a new wave model including recently suggested source functions for the wind input and wave dissipation source terms. Within this approach, a new methodology was developed for correction of the wind input source function S[subscript]in. Another important physical constraint was the consistency between the wave dissipation and the wind energy input to the waves. The new parameter, the dissipation rate, R, was introduced in this study, as the ratio of the wave dissipation energy to the wind input energy. The parameterisation form of the dissipation rate is presented as a function of the inverse wave age U ₁₀ / c[subscript]p Some aspects of wave spectral modelling regarding the shape of the wave spectrum and spectral saturation were revised. The two-phase behaviour of the spectral dissipation function was investigated in terms of the functional dependency of the coefficients a for the inherent wave breaking term and b for the forced dissipation term. The present study found that the both coefficients have functional dependence on the inverse wave age U ₁₀ / c[subscript]p and the spectral frequency. Based on the experimental data by Young and Babanin (2006), a new directional spreading function of bimodal shape was developed for the wave dissipation source term. The performance of the new spectral functions of the wind input S[subscript]in(f) and the wave dissipation S[subscript]ds(f) source terms was assessed using a new third-generation two-dimensional research wave model WAVETIME-I. The model incorporating the corrected source functions was able to reproduce the existing experimental data. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2009
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Source Term Estimation in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer : Using the adjoint of the Reynolds Averaged Scalar Transport equation / Källtermsuppskattning i det atmosfäriska gränsskiktet : Med hjälp av den adjungerade Reynolds tidsmedlade Skalära TransportekvationenTobias, Brännvall January 1900 (has links)
This work evaluates whether the branch of Reynolds Averaging in Computational Fluid Dynamics can be used to, based on real field measurements, find the source of the measured gas in question. The method to do this is via the adjoint to the Reynolds Averaged Scalar Transport equation, explained and derived herein. Since the Inverse is only as good as the main equation, forward runs are made to evaluate the turbulence model. Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes is solved in a domain containing 4 cubes in a 2x2 grid, generating a velocity field for said domain. The turbulence model in question is a union of two modifications to the standard two equation k-ε model in order to capture blunt body turbulence but also to model the atmospheric boundary layer. This field is then inserted into the Reynolds Averaged Scalar Transport equation and the simulation is compared to data from the Environmental Flow wind tunnel in Surrey. Finally the adjoint scalar transport is solved, both for synthetic data that was generated in the forward run, but also for the data from EnFlo. It was discovered that the turbulent Schmidt number plays a major role in capturing the dispersed gas, three different Schmidt numbers were tested, the standard 0.7, the unconventional 0.3 and a height dependent Schmidt number. The widely accepted value of 0.7 did not capture the dispersion at all and gave a huge model error. As such the adjoint scalar transport was solved for 0.3 and a height dependent Schmidt number. The interaction between measurements, the real source strength (which is not used in the adjoint equation, but needed to find the source) and the location of the source is intricate indeed. Over estimation and under estimation of the forward model may cancel out in order to find the correct source, with the correct strength. It is found that Reynolds Averaged Computational fluid dynamics may prove useful in source term estimation. / Detta arbete utvärderar hurvida Reynolds medelvärdesmodellering inom flödessimuleringar kan användas till att finna källan till en viss gas baserat på verkliga mätningar ute i fält. Metoden går ut på att använda den adjungerade ekvationen till Reynolds tidsmedlade skalära transportekvationen, beskriven och härledd häri. Då bakåtmodellen bygger på framåtmodellen, måste såleds framåtmodellen utvärderas först. Navier-Stokes ekvationer med en turbulensmodell löses i en domän, innehållandes 4 kuber i en 2x2 orientering, för vilken en hastighetsprofil erhålles. Turbulensmodellen som användes är en union av två olika k-ε modeller, där den ena fångar turbulens runt tröga objekt och den andra som modellerar atmosfäriska gränsskiktet. Detta fält används sedan i framåtmodellen av skalära transportekvationen, som sedan jämförs med körningar från EnFlo windtunneln i Surrey. Slutligen testkörs även den adjungerade ekvationen, både för syntetiskt data genererat i framåtkörningen men även för data från EnFlo tunneln. Då det visade sig att det turbulenta Schmidttalet spelar stor roll inom spridning i det atmosfäriska gränsskiktet, gjordes testkörningar med tre olika Schmidttal, det normala 0.7, det väldigt låga talet 0.3 samt ett höjdberoende Schmidttal. Det visade sig att det vanligtvis använda talet 0.7 inte alls lyckas fånga spridningen tillfredställande och gav ett stort modellfel. Därför löstes den adjungerade ekvationen för 0.3 samt för ett höjdberoende Schmidttal. Interaktionen mellan mätningar, den riktiga källstyrkan (som är okänd i den adjungerade ekvationen) samt källpositionen är onekligen intrikat. Över- samt underestimationer av framåtmodellen kan ta ut varandra i bakåtmodellen för att finna rätt källa, med rätt källstyrka. Det ter sig som Reynolds turbulensmodellering mycket möjligt kan användas inom källtermsuppskattning.
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Modeling of LNG Pool Spreading and VaporizationBasha, Omar 1988- 14 March 2013 (has links)
In this work, a source term model for estimating the rate of spreading and vaporization of LNG on land and sea is introduced. The model takes into account the composition changes of the boiling mixture, the varying thermodynamic properties due to preferential boiling within the mixture and the effect of boiling on conductive heat transfer. The heat, mass and momentum balance equations are derived for continuous and instantaneous spills and mixture thermodynamic effects are incorporated. A parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the effect of boiling heat transfer regimes, friction, thermal contact/roughness correction parameter and VLE/mixture thermodynamics on the pool spreading behavior. The aim was to provide a better understanding of these governing phenomena and their relative importance throughout the pool lifetime. The spread model was validated against available experimental data for pool spreading on concrete and sea. The model is solved using Matlab for two continuous and instantaneous spill scenarios and is validated against experimental data on cryogenic pool spreading found in literature.
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Etude de la convection naturelle turbulente en cavité verticale différentiellement chauffée : Analyse des structures et des transferts turbulents / Study of the Turbulent Natural Convection in a Differential Heated Cavity : Analysis of the Turbulent structures and TransfersBelleoud, Pierre 05 July 2016 (has links)
Les écoulements de convection naturelle en espace confiné sont généralement turbulents (grandes dimensions et/ou écarts de température importants). L'approfondissement de la connaissance de ce régime et des transferts qui y sont associés semble donc essentielle. Cette étude expérimentale concerne les mécanismes de transferts thermiques turbulents en s'appuyant sur des mesures couplées vitesse/température dans un écoulement de convection naturelle turbulente à haut nombre de Rayleigh (Ra1-1= 1,2x1011) au sein d'une cavité différentiellement chauffée de rapport de forme vertical (hauteur/largeur) égale à 4. Une chaîne de mesure PIV permet les acquisitions de vitesse tandis que la température est mesurée par micro-thermocouple de type K (0=12,7 μm). Les deux mesures étant synchronisées via un générateur de pulses type BNC®. Une attention particulière a été portée à la détermination des conditions aux limites en température des parois adiabatiques et au post traitement des données de PIV à l'aide d'une décomposition orthogonale basée sur l'énergie cinétique des champs de vitesse (POD). Cela a rendu possible, d'une part le calcul expérimental de quantités liées à la turbulence comme les flux d'enthalpie et des nombres adimensionnés pour la turbulence (Prandtl, diffusivité ... ) et, d 'autre part, l'évaluation de la contribution des autres termes des équations de Navier-Stokes (gradient de pression et terme source volumique). Enfin, une discussion sur les échelles caractéristiques de l'écoulement est menée et une comparaison avec des résultats de simulations numériques est apportée. / Natural convection flows in confined spaces are often turbulent (large dimensions and/or temperature difference ). Improving the knowledge of this type of regime and of the associated heat and mass transfers seems, therefore, to be essential. This experirnental work studies heat transfer mechanisms using coupled and synchronized measurernents of temperature and velocity in a turbulent natural convection flow at high Rayleigh number (Ra1-1=I.2 x1011) in a differentially heated cavity with a vertical aspect ratio (height/width) of 4. Velocity measurernents are acquired by PIV and temperature is measured with K-type micro-thermocouple (0=12.7 μm). Both measurementsystems are synchronized using a BNC® pulse generator. Thermal boundary conditions of the adiabatic walls and post treatment of PIV data using an orthogonal decomposition based on the kinetic energy of the flow - POD - have been considered with caution. It makes possible, on the one hand, the experimental assessment of turbulent quantities like enthalpy fluxes and dimensionless nurnber (Prandtl, diffusivity ... ) and, on the other hand the estimation of the contribution of the other terms of Navier-Stokes equations (pressure gradient and source term). Finally a discussion on characteristic scales of the flow and a comparison with numerical simulations are provided.
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Méthodes numériques de haute précision et calcul scientifique pour le couplage de modèles hyperboliques / High accuracy numerical methods and scientific computing for the coupling of hyperbolic modelsHaddaoui, Khalil 07 July 2016 (has links)
La simulation numérique adaptative d'écoulements présentant des phénomènes multi-échelles s'effectue généralement au moyen d'une hiérarchie de modèles différents selon l'échelle mise en jeu et le niveau de précision requis. Ce type de modélisation numérique entraîne des problèmes de couplage multi-échelles complexes. Cette thèse est ainsi dédiée au développement, à l'analyse et à la mise en œuvre de méthodes performantes permettant de résoudre des problèmes de couplage en espace de modèles décrits par des systèmes d'équations aux dérivées partielles hyperboliques.Dans une première partie, nous développons et analysons une méthode numérique dédiée au couplage interfacial des équations d'Euler mono-dimensionnelles. Chacun des systèmes de lois de conservation est muni d'une loi de pression distincte et l'interface de couplage séparant ces modèles est supposée fixe et infiniment mince. Les conditions de transmission sont modélisées par un terme source mesure localisé à l'interface de couplage. Le poids associé à cette mesure modélise les pertes de conservation à l'interface (typiquement des pertes de charge) et sa définition permet l'application de plusieurs stratégies de couplage. Notre méthode d'approximation repose sur les techniques d'approximation par relaxation de type Suliciu. La résolution exacte du problème de Riemann pour le système relaxé nous permet de définir un schéma numérique équilibre pour le modèle de couplage. Ce schéma préserve certaines solutions stationnaires du modèle de couplage et est applicable pour des lois de pression générales. L'implémentation de notre méthode permet de mener des expériences numériques illustrant les propriétés de notre schéma. Par exemple, nous montrons qu'il est possible de contrôler l'écoulement à l'interface de couplage en calculant des poids solutions de problèmes d'optimisation sous contraintes.La deuxième partie de cette thèse est dédiée au développement de deux schémas numériques d'ordre arbitrairement élevé en espace pour l'approximation des solutions stationnaires du problème mixte associé au modèle de Jin et Xin. Nos schémas d'approximation reposent sur la méthode de Galerkin discontinue. L’approximation des solutions du problème mixte par notre premier schéma fait intervenir uniquement des erreurs de discrétisation tandis que notre deuxième schéma est constitué à la fois d'erreurs de modélisation et de discrétisation. L'erreur de modélisation provient du remplacement, dans certaines régions spatiales, de la résolution du modèle de relaxation par celle de l'équation scalaire équilibre associée. Sous l'hypothèse d'une interface de couplage éventuellement caractéristique, la résolution du problème de Riemann associé au modèle couplé nous permet de construire un schéma numérique d'ordre arbitrairement élevé prenant en compte l'éventuelle existence de couches limites à l'interface de couplage. Enfin, la mise en œuvre de ces méthodes nous permet d'analyser quantitativement et qualitativement les erreurs de modélisation et de discrétisation commises lors de l'utilisation du schéma couplé. Ces erreurs sont fonction du niveau de raffinement de maillage utilisé, du degré de polynôme choisi et de la position de l'interface de couplage. / The adaptive numerical simulation of multiscale flows is generally carried out by means of a hierarchy of different models according to the specific scale into play and the level of precision required. This kind of numerical modeling involves complex multiscale coupling problems. This thesis is thus devoted to the development, analysis and implementation of efficient methods for solving coupling problems involving hyperbolic models.In a first part, we develop and analyze a coupling algorithm for one-dimensional Euler systems. Each system of conservation laws is closed with a different pressure law and the coupling interface separating these models is assumed fix and thin. The transmission conditions linking the systems are modelled thanks to a measure source term concentrated at the coupling interface. The weight associated to this measure models the losses of conservation and its definition allows the application of several coupling strategies. Our method is based on Suliciu's relaxation approach. The exact resolution of the Riemann problem associated to the relaxed system allows us to design an extremely accurate scheme for the coupling model. This scheme preserves equilibrium solutions of the coupled problem and can be used for general pressure laws. Several numerical experiments assess the performances of our scheme. For instance, we show that it is possible to control the flow at the coupling interface when solving constrained optimization problems for the weights.In the second part of this manuscript we design two high order numerical schemes based on the discontinuous Galerkin method for the approximation of the initial-boundary value problem associated to Jin and Xin's model. Our first scheme involves only discretization errors whereas the second approximation involves both modeling and discretization errors. Indeed in the second approximation, we replace in some regions the resolution of the relaxation model by the resolution of its associated scalar equilibrium equation. Under the assumption of a possible characteristic coupling interface, we exactly solve the Riemann problem associated to the coupled model. This resolution allows us to design a high order numerical scheme which captures the possible boundary layers at the coupling interface. Finally, the implementation of our methods enables us to analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the modeling and discretization errors involved in the coupled scheme. These errors are functions of the mesh size, the degree of the polynomial approximation and the position of the coupling interface.
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