New data on human skeletal remains from Site 35 in Salango, Ecuador is combined with existing data presented by Jastremski (2006) to compile a more comprehensive report about the health conditions of the people. Site 35, which is associated with the Manteño culture that flourished in the Integration period from A.D. 500 – 1532, has been determined to comprise a singular population that is represented by a minimum of 27 individuals. In addition to more comprehensive conclusions about Site 35, this thesis uses the data from Site 35 in an extended comparison of health among prehistoric sites from six additional sites to observe general trends over time and across geography. Through an indepth analysis of distinct health traits, the general conclusion matches previous reports that the overall quality of health in Ecuador declined over time. However, the present analysis shows a less dramatic decline for coastal sites than for inland sites. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-25T11:55:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Borsatto Cardoso.pdf: 2118680 bytes, checksum: 84bc4a8fad67a1d2b95b86ffce3d9ac7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T11:55:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Borsatto Cardoso.pdf: 2118680 bytes, checksum: 84bc4a8fad67a1d2b95b86ffce3d9ac7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-04 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research has as its objective investigating how teaching History and Indian Culture, proposed by Federal Law nº 11.645/08 is being established in the city of São Paulo inside Elementary Schools, as from the publication. That law altered the article 26 of the "Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN) from 1996 and made teaching of History and African Culture, Afro-brazilian and Indians compulsory in Elementary Schools all over the country. This research specifically refers to the teaching of History and Indian Culture in Elementary Schools of São Paulo, with the objective of analyzing diverse experiences of Law 11.645/08 introduced by History teachers. From this perspective, the research intends to follow the construction of the curriculum inside classrooms- from ordered curriculum to narrative curriculum- supported by what Ivor F. Goodson (2014) named narrative capital, when the teacher presents oneself as the main character of a story. The narrative capital is known in that way as "the capacity of creating a path which people want to follow" and insert itself on this investigation related to the story of the curriculum, from schools subjects and studies about cultural differences / Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de investigar como o ensino de História e Cultura Indígena, proposto pela Lei Federal nº 11.645/08, está sendo implementado nas escolas de Educação Básica da Rede Municipal de Educação de São Paulo, a partir de sua promulgação. A referida Lei alterou o artigo 26 da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN) de 1996 e tornou obrigatório o ensino de História e Cultura Africana, Afro-brasileira e Indígena nas escolas de Educação Básica de todo o Brasil. Esta pesquisa refere-se especificamente ao ensino de História e Cultura Indígena em escolas de Ensino Fundamental II do município de São Paulo, tendo como objeto de análise diversas experiências de implementação da Lei nº 11.645/08 pelos professores de História. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa busca acompanhar a construção do currículo em sala de aula – do currículo prescrito ao currículo narrativo – tendo como suporte o que Ivor F. Goodson (2014) denomina de capital narrativo, no qual o professor se apresenta como principal sujeito da história. O capital narrativo é, assim, entendido como “a capacidade de criar um caminho que as pessoas querem seguir” e insere-se nesta investigação relacionada à história do currículo, das disciplinas escolares e nos estudos sobre diferenças culturais

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-24T13:01:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dante Hesse Bartholomeu.pdf: 2119980 bytes, checksum: 35097846d76d1386cb26fc3a07176a0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-24T13:01:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dante Hesse Bartholomeu.pdf: 2119980 bytes, checksum: 35097846d76d1386cb26fc3a07176a0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-19 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP / This research aims to understand how German traveler Wilhelm Ludwig Karl von Eschwege, the Baron of Eschwege, understands and represent the dichotomy between “civilized” man – the Portuguese and their administration in Brazil – and the native indigenous Brazilian – the “savage” man, which he represents under a rousseaunian perspective – in the first half of the 19th century. Thus, through travel literature, this project establishes the following questioning: to Eschwege, which of the aforementioned agents will stand as civilized and which one will stand as moralized, in a philosophical point of view, given the fact that these nations coexist and relate themselves in the whole of Brazil‟s territory during the years of his stay; between 1810 and 1821. What are the social-political aspects that dialogue through convergences and divergences, when the traveler puts these nations in comparison? This way, in an attempt of showing the indigenous societies and the Portuguese corporation through representations shaped in a specific and delimited universe, there is an effort in understanding and problematizing, based on narratives and experiences described in the journey reports, the means of coexistence and social relations between these agents. This is achieved under the prism of the root source Eschwege, whose reports led to an influence of the European imaginary on the New World / Esta pesquisa procura entender como o viajante alemão Wilhelm Ludwig Karl von Eschwege, ou barão de Eschwege, compreende e representa a dicotomia entre o homem “civilizado” – os portugueses e sua respectiva administração no Brasil – e o indígena brasileiro – homem “selvagem”, que ele apresenta sob uma ótica rousseauniana –, na primeira metade do século XIX. Logo, por meio da Literatura de Viagem, o projeto busca estabelecer a seguinte questão: para Eschwege, entre os agentes acima apontados, quem se apresentaria como civilizado e quem, como moralizado, do ponto de vista filosófico, a partir do momento em que essas nações coexistem e se relacionam pelo território brasileiro, durante os anos de sua estadia no Brasil, entre 1810 e 1821. Quais são os aspectos sociopolíticos que dialogam entre si através de convergências e divergências para o viajante, quando colocadas essas nações em paralelo? Dessa maneira, numa tentativa de apresentar as sociedades indígenas e o corpo civil português mediante representações constituídas num universo específico e delimitado, através das narrativas e experiências descritas nas fontes de viagem, busca-se entender e problematizar as formas de convívio e as relações sociais entre esses agentes sob a ótica do sujeito estudado, Eschwege, cujos relatos abasteceram o imaginário europeu de notícias sobre o Novo Mundo

This thesis is an ethnographic account of the indigenous history and colonization of the upper Tapajós river in Brazil. Research was conducted using archival materials in which I searched for the different conceptualizations of river movements and routes, of either Indians or colonizers. During the period of penetration in the region called “Mundurucânica”, several native groups living in the savannah and at the riverbanks, started to be used as a labour-force, but above all, they worked as interpreters thereby enabling colonization on these Amazonian rivers around the Tapajós. If, on one hand, native groups were violated by colonization, on the other, they have shaped and influenced the penetration, demonstrating their active involvement in this historical process. With the arrival of Franciscan priests and the ultimate establishment of the Cururu Mission, exchanges between indigenous people and colonizers became impregnated with mythical fragments. These relations of displacements and encounters between indigenous groups—that in turn influenced colonization efforts—with local cultural values and practices is still a relatively little explored topic in anthropology. This thesis synthesises the history of the colonization of a region of the Brazilian Amazonian rainforest from the point of view of its indigenous inhabitants. It considers the pacification of the Indians in the 18th and 19th centuries, presenting ethnographic material of the indigenous groups that have moved into the Tapajós region and examines their social logic of interethnic contact. I analyze fragments of material culture, myths and naming such as they appear in the literature so as to track down the spatial dynamics of indigenous Amazonia and its landscape transformations.

Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

This ethnoecological study of the Makushi Amerindians of Amazonian Guyana explores the place of plants in the indigenous culture and cosmology. The North Rupununi, the homeland of the Makushi people, is a bioculturally diverse mosaic of neotropical savannahs, forests, and wetlands. As subsistence hunters, fishers, and horticulturalists, the Makushi live in a constant and dynamic interaction with their ecologically rich surroundings. Against the human-faunal bias latent in much Amazonian anthropology, I place plants firmly at the centre of analysis, a positioning that mirrors their centrality in the ethnographic context. Human-plant encounters explored herein include swidden agriculture, the cultivation of bitter cassava, the fermentation of cassava drinks using a domesticated fungus, the use of a category of charm plants, and the consumption of plant substances in shamanic ritual. With the Makushi, I emphasise the status of plants as living selves and agents of semiosis, occupying perspectives on the world in and outside of their interactions with human beings. In order to investigate ethno-theories of life, I attempt to understand the constitution of the person - and associated notions of body and soul - in the indigenous cosmology. Makushi ontology can be characterised as animic - though as I argue, it also incorporates naturalistic and analogic elements. Thus, it is poly-ontological. This study pursues a dual goal: first, to pay heed to the trans-specific domain of living entities revealed in the Makushi ethnoecology, and second, to rethink conventional symbolic frameworks characteristic of anthropological approaches to culture. I explore the application of a more robust approach to sign-flows in nature - Peircian ecosemiotics - that allows for the analysis of plant communication, birdcalls, insect stings, and leaf patterns, as well as human language. In tracing these interspecific webs of signification, conclusions are drawn about the varied ways in which Makushi people engage with and think about their living environment. At the same time, many Makushi multispecies engagements are based on the physical transfer of substances between bodies of different kinds. In order to better account for this pervasive 'substance logic', greater attention must be paid to indigenous notions of corporeality and personhood. In doing so, I propose a dual analytical model that takes both the flows of signs and the flows of substances as its combined objective. This approach enables new conclusions to be drawn about multispecies relationality in indigenous Amazonian cosmologies.

Orientador: Marta Maria do Amaral Azevedo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T21:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Madeira_SofiaPereira_M.pdf: 2168593 bytes, checksum: 4a76523c58b24d8bae75cae14d84b19f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Os povos indígenas no Brasil e na América Latina estão em processo de crescimento populacional, apesar das previsões pessimistas que apontavam seu desaparecimento. Nas últimas décadas, a população indígena brasileira tem crescido, em média, 3,5% ao ano, mais que o dobro da média nacional, o que se deve ao regime de elevada fecundidade e moderada mortalidade. Os povos guarani também vivenciam esse processo de "recuperação demográfica", entre os quais é possível observar uma estrutura sócio-cultural que sustenta um comportamento reprodutivo específico, tendo em vista que estes povos têm como base de sua organização social, econômica e política a formação de famílias extensas, isto é, grupos macro familiares que detêm formas de organização da ocupação sócio-espacial no interior dos territórios (tekoha) segundo relações de parentesco e afinidade. A constituição de uma prole numerosa configura um regime de alta fecundidade, fator preponderante na manutenção cultural e numérica dos povos guarani, o que nos levou a investigar os fatores sociocosmológicos, culturais e históricos explicativos deste perfil - em diálogo com uma importante bibliografia. Assim, a fim de conhecer a relação entre a dinâmica populacional e a cultura guarani, procuramos descrever e analisar o perfil demográfico dos Guarani nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil e estimar a paridade de suas mulheres em idade reprodutiva, procurando compreender demográfica e antropologicamente o comportamento desta população em comparação com o contingente autodeclarado indígena nos censos brasileiros de 1991 e 2000 e ainda com os resultados encontrados entre outros povos indígenas no Brasil. Desse modo, foi possível traçar significativas semelhanças entre o comportamento demográfico guarani nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do país e aquele encontrado entre povos e indivíduos com filiação étnica específica / Abstract: The indigenous people in Brazil and Latin America are in a population growth process, in spite of pessimists' forecasts which indicated their disappearance. In the last decades, the native Brazilian population has grown, in mean, 3.5% per year, more than the double the national mean, which is due to the high fecundity regimen and moderate mortality. The Guarani people also experiences this process of "demographic recovery", in which it is possible to observe a socialcultural structure that sustains the specific reproductive behaviour, considering that this people has as their basis of social, economic and politic organization the formation of extended families, i.e. macro familiar groups which organise the social-spatial occupation in the interior of the territories (tekoha) according to family relationship and affinity. The composition of the numerous offspring configure a high fecundity regimen, dominant factor in the numeric and cultural maintenance of Guarani people, which led us to investigate the socio-cosmological, cultural and historic factors which can explain this profile - in dialogue with lengthy bibliography. Therefore, in order to known the relationship between the population dynamic and Guarani's culture, we pursuit to describe and analyse the demographic profile of the Guarani in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil and to estimate the parity of their women in reproductive age, attempting to understand demographic and anthropologically the behaviour of this population in comparison with the self-declared indigenous contingent of the Brazilian census from 1991 and 2000 and, also, with the results encountered results between other indigenous people of Brazil. Hence, it was possible to draw significant similarities between the demographic behaviour of the Guarani in the South and Southeast region of the country and those found among the people and individuals with specific ethnic filiation / Mestrado / Mestre em Demografia

Orientador: Nadia Farage / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T05:08:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Velden_FelipeFerreiraVander_D.pdf: 2503438 bytes, checksum: bc0a8a4c23453441cc5b626b3fe725d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho investiga um tema ainda pouco conhecido e estudado pela etnologia das populações indígenas nas terras baixas da América do Sul: a relação entre estas sociedades e os animais introduzidos pelos europeus após o contato, notadamente cachorros, gatos, bois, porcos, cavalos e galinhas. Baseando-se no material empírico recolhido entre os Karitiana -povo de língua Tupi-Arikém que habita o norte do estado de Rondônia, no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira - a pesquisa procura compreender como este grupo indígena concebeu formas práticas e simbólicas para acomodar estes seres exóticos que apareceram em seu cotidiano com o aparecimento dos brancos, provavelmente no final do século XIX. A partir da história do surgimento e da adoção dessas espécies estrangeiras - que, por si mesma, já sinaliza a diferença entre estes e as criaturas nativas - discute várias questões relativas à posição dos animais domesticados europeus no universo social e cosmológico Karitiana, entre as quais questões de gênero, parentesco e vida familiar, nominação, atividades produtivas, movimentos religiosos e conhecimento histórico e zoológico. Argumenta, por fim, que embora plenamente incorporados no cotidiano indígena, algo da exterioridade e da estranheza original desses seres permanece, e dão conta de certas ambigüidades que podem ser observadas. Ademais, estas ambigüidades são resultado do próprio descompasso entre as noções Karitiana e ocidental de domesticidade e/ou selvageria e, de uma perspectiva mais geral, entre os modos de relação entre seres humanos e não-humanos / Abstract: This work deals with a matter which was not properly investigated by ethnologists working on indigenous populations in the South American lowlands: the relationships between these societies and animal species introduced by Europeans after contact and conquest, specially dogs, cats, oxen, pigs, horses and chicken. Based on empirical data collected among the Karitiana - a Tupi-Arikém-speaking people inhabiting northern Rondônia state, southwestern Brazilian Amazon - this research aims to comprehend how this Indians created symbolical and practical ways to adopt these exotic beings, which were probably introduced by the whitemen during the XIXth century. Exploring histories on how this foreign beings appeared and were adopted by the Karitiana - histories that, by themselves, already points to differences between exotic beings and native ones - this work discusses a number of questions on European animals' positioning in the indigenous universe; among them, questions about gender relationships, kinship and family life, naming practices, economic activities, religious movements, and historical and zoological knowledge. It also argues that, in spite of being incorporated into indigenous everyday life, a little bit of that original weirdness and strangeness still persists. In turn, these aspects can explain the ambiguities we observe. For the last, these ambiguities are the result of Karitiana's and Western's distinct notions on domesticity and/or wildness, and between their distinct ways to build human and non-human relationships / Doutorado / Antropologia Social / Mestre em Antropologia Social

Orientador: Nadia Farage / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T21:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavalcante_OlendinadeCarvalho_D.pdf: 8478819 bytes, checksum: 8dada5f133a8e75e2ed879b842df87db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Com base na memória oral essa tese aborda a recomposição de um etnônimo singular, os Sapará, e seu significado político atual. Presente na documentação histórica relativa ao século XVIII, esse etnônimo, como tantos outros, começou a, paulatinamente, cair em desuso durante o século XIX e chegou ao século XX referenciado a uma parentela vivendo entre os Makuxi e Taurepang, no médio Uraricoera, cuja evocação guarda o sentido político do passado como diacrítico na luta presente por direitos territoriais. Como pano de fundo de tal recomposição, a tese analisa o impacto da colonização sobre a população indígena no rio Uraricoera, os movimentos populacionais e retrações territoriais. Nessa região as terras indígenas foram demarcadas em áreas descontinuas, entre fazendas, assentamentos agrícolas e núcleos urbanos, caracterizando-se como área endêmica, com grande potencial para conflitos pela terra / Abstract: This dissertation addresses the meaning of oral memory in the recomposition of a singular ethnonymon, the Sapará. It appears in the historical sources during the XVIII century, and begins to disappear in the XIX century. In the XX century the ethnonymon refered to only one family, living among the Mukuxi and Taurenpang Indians, in the middle portion of Uraricoera River. Such memory embraces the political meaning of past as diacritic in the struggle for territorial rights in the current days. In addition the dissertation also deals with the impact of colonization, showing the population movement and territorial retraction on the indigenous people of Uraricoera. In this region, the indigenous lands are demarcated in small tracks, scattered among farms, agriculture settlements, and urban centers, characterizing as endemic areas for land conflicts / Doutorado / Historia Indigena e do Indigenismo / Doutor em Antropologia Social

Orientadores: Lúcia da Costa Ferreira, Cristiana Simão Seixas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T21:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araos_Francisco_D.pdf: 8695110 bytes, checksum: ba48abe9f0ebe07a654ee792894af637 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, a criação e implementação de Áreas Marinhas Protegidas têm-se intensificado nos diferentes oceanos do mundo. Como resposta à crise ambiental produzida pela sobre-exploração dos recursos pesqueiros, a poluição das zonas costeiras, a expansão das aglomerações urbanas nas áreas litorais e os impactos do aquecimento global, as Áreas Marinhas Protegidas aparacem como o instrumento chave para mitigar os impactos antropogênicos e promover a sustentabilidade marinha e costeira. No entanto, os conflitos causados pela imposição de áreas de proteção em zonas utilizadas por múltiplos usuários e a constatação do fracasso de muitas Áreas Marinhas Protegidas na conservação efetiva da biodiversidade, revelam a importância das dimensões humanas da conservação marinha. À luz deste problema de pesquisa, a presente tese de doutorado tem por objetivo analisar o processo decisório que define criação e implentação de duas Áreas Marinhas Protegidas na América do Sul: no Município de Navidad no Litoral Central do Chile e no Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo no Brasil. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram a emergência de arenas ambientais para a conservação marinha com a finalidade de construir regras para regular os múltiplos usos dos recursos naturais e promover a sustentabilidade das zonas costeiras. Estas arenas cumprem um papel fundamental na explicitação dos conflitos e na promoção de pactos sociais, evidenciado os alcances e limites do processo democrático vivenciado nos dois países. Para além da biodiversidade, comprova-se que a conservação marinha representa uma oportunidade única para reorientar a trajetória de insustentabilidade até agora percorrida, assim como para experimentar novas formas de fazer democracia / Abstract: Over the last years the establishment of Marine Protected Areas has intensified worldwide. In response to the environmental crisis of the oceans produced by overexploitation of fishery resources, pollution of coastal areas, the expansion of urban agglomerations in coastal zone and the impacts of global warming, Marine Protected Areas are recognized as the key tool for mitigate anthropogenic impacts and promote the marine sustainability. Nevertheless, the conflicts triggered by the imposition of protected areas in zones used by multiple users and the failure of Marine Protected Areas improving effective biodiversity conservation, highlight the relevance of the human dimensions of marine conservation. Considering this problem the thesis aims to analyze the environmental decision-making process that defines the establishment and management of two Marine Protected Areas in South America: Municipalty of Navidad at the Central Coast of Chile and North Coast of the São Paulo State in Brazil. The study demonstrates the emergence of environmental arenas for marine conservation in order to regulate the multiples uses of marine resources and support the sustainability of the coastal zones. These arenas play a key role for the recognition of conflicts and the promotion of environmental social contracts, showing the advances and constrains of the democratic process in both countries. Beyond biodiversity, marine conservation represents an exceptional opportunity to redirect the paths of unsustainability, as well to experiment new democratic practices / Doutorado / Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação / Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade