Assignment (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / On t.p. : Master of Arts (International Studies) Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (MA(Theology)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-117)

Letter written by C.J Skead to Mr. F.C. Metrowich, authot of "The valiant but once". In the letter Skead submits a request for references indicating where the inforamtion was obtained as to the tree where Lieut. Col. Graham and Capt. Stockenstrom decided to establish the town of Grahamstown.

Letter written by Mr. F.C. Metrowich to C.J Skead. This letter was in response to a letter sent by Skead requesting for references indicating where the information was obtained as to the tree where Lieut. Col. Graham and Capt. Stockenstrom decided to establish the town of Grahamstown.

There is little doubt that there is a widespread concern that the transition from the supportive environment of the training institution where mistakes are expected, self criticism is encouraged and both tutorial guidance and peer group friendship are readily available into a situation where professional and personal responsibilities are profoundly altered, where the methods used, the progress of the pupils, their parents' expectations, the working relationship with colleagues are now permanent responsibilities. This transition can be traumatic for some and a considerable ordeal for many.--Chapter 1, p. 10.

The Association for Rural Advancement (AFRA) has run a Drought Project since October 1992. The project's primary focus was to monitor drought conditions in the AFRA's operational area and to assist communities to access relief through providing them with relevant information and helping them to submit proposals to relief agencies. In attempting to do this, it became clear that the effects of drought on rural black communities was not a well understood phenomenon. We also found that relief strategies were informed more by economic, agricultural and meteorological criteria than social ones. This Special Report aims to contribute to the development of a more appropriate drought management strategy, especially with regard to rural communities. In attempting to make this contribution, the Report examines the factors involved in redefining drought and drought relief perspectives in relation to rural communities. However, the range of factors involved and the scarcity of useful information on them, dictate that this is merely an introduction. The complexities and implications arising from the introduction of these factors into drought management in South Africa should be explored on an on-going basis. Because of the scarcity of relevant information about the effects of drought on black rural communities in South Africa, this Report has relied on AFRA's limited monitoring of such communities. Some information was also gathered through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods. There were also difficulties in getting information about relief schemes and their operations as most relief agencies were reluctant to release this information. As a result, almost all the relief related information in this Special Report was obtained from publications and reports of the National Consultative Forum on Drought.

Preface: An attempt is made in this thesis to document the history of Pentecostalism among Indians in South Africa and to study and evaluate its religious character and main theological tenets. Obviously the peculiar socio-political situation of the Indians in South Africa has influenced the character of Indian Pentecostalism, which has in turn been able to address itself to the critical, cultural and religious disjunctions within this community. Hence an investigation of the dynamic tensions that obtain between crises in the Indian community and Pentecostalism will not only clarify the course of its history but will also explain its theological emphases. However, several studies on Pentecostalism in other communities have concentrated on the sociological dimension almost exclusively and many have even concluded that Pentecostalism is the spontaneous result of psychosocial; economic or cultural upheavals . This kind of reductionism has been largely the result of the uncritical use of 'functional-type' theories postulated by sociologists of religion. Indian Pentecostalism, while it has to be examined within the complex context of the South African community, cannot as we shall show, be adequately explained by any of the prevailing 'functional-type' theories because these theories reduce religion to a sociological function. Since the functional theory has the effect of limiting the perspective on religion to such an extent that the basis of religion, that is, the relation between the individual and faith, is either belittled or ignored, it has been jettisoned in this thesis for an approach free of any deliberately formulated 'theoretical framework'. However, it is necessary to critically examine some of the more popular 'functional-type' theories and the way they have been applied to the study of the Pentecostal movement here and elsewhere, so that by exposing the shortcomings of their application and the contradictions inherent in their assumptions, the approach adopted in this thesis could be clarified.

No abstract available / Economics / M. Comm. (Economics)

From introduction: The present study is the first attempt in southern Africa to consider an entire community of aculeate wasps and bees and their interactions with their environment as manifested by their ethology. As far as the author has been able to ascertain it is in fact the most comprehensive of its kind to have been undertaken anywhere, the only similar but more restricted account of this nature being that of Evans (1970) which is mainly concerned with fossorial species and their associates.

Population dynamics of Perna perna in low shore mussel beds were investigated over a 15 month period at six sites along the south coast of South Africa, with particular reference to the effects of wave exposure. The degree of exposure was first quantitatively ascertained using the dissolution of cement blocks to measure average wave force and dynamometers to measure maximum wave force. The mean mass loss of the cement blocks was higher at Diaz Cross and Kwaai Hoek than at Mgwalana, Rufanes and Riet River. No data were available for Fish River. The mean maximum wave force encountered at Diaz Cross, Kwaai Hoek and Fish River was significantly higher (p<O.05) than that at Mgwalana, Rufanes and Riet River. These results allowed the former sites to be classified as exposed and the latter as sheltered. Early recruitment (1-5 mm) occurred throughout the year, but peaked significantly (p<0.05) from January 1995 to May 1996 on both shore types. Although mean recruit density (1-15 mm) was Significantly higher at the exposed (5 896.m⁻²) than the sheltered shores (2 986.m⁻²), some sites did not show this trend. Further investigation revealed that the densities of recruits (1-5 & 6-10 mm) were significantly higher on algae than on mussels (p<0.05). Adult densities (>15 mm) were positively correlated with recruit densities (1-5 mm) for both shore types (p<O.05). In tum, adult density (>15 mm) was significantly lower on exposed (mean of 3 348.m⁻²) than on sheltered shores (mean of 4 796.m⁻²) (p<O.05). Adult mussels on exposed shores had significantly higher mean and maximum lengths than those on sheltered shores (p<O.05). Biomass, which is a product of density and length, showed no significant difference between the two shore types (p>O.05). The effect of exposure on growth rate formed the focal point of this study and was determined using three different approaches. The first technique, mark-recapture, involved filing notches on the growing edges of mussels in the field. After 111 days, mussels were removed and the growth measured. The second approach used internal growth bands to measure growth rates, once the periodicity with which these bands were laid down was established. Thirdly, using Shepherd's length composition analysis (SLCA), growth rates were determined from length frequency distributions in 11 samples taken over 15 months. The general conclusion from all three approaches was that growth rate was twice as fast on the exposed shores as on the sheltered shores (p<O.05). A mean length (averaged from all three methods) of 47.06 mm was attained within the first year of growth at the exposed shores and 22.07 mm at the sheltered shores. There were however considerable differences among these approaches. The mark-recapture method predicted the lowest growth rates, followed by growth band method and lastly SLCA. The mean mortality index (Z.year⁻¹) for mussels was significantly (p<0.05) higher at the exposed shores (Z=1.81) than at the sheltered shores (Z=0.73). Consequently, the percentage survival rates per annum of mussels of all ages (total), 18 days to 6 months (juveniles) and 12 months to mortality (adults) was lower on the exposed than the sheltered shores. The survival rate of juveniles was as low as 0.71% per annum on the exposed shores and 9.29% per annum on the sheltered shores. The adult survival rate of exposed shore mussels was 11.78% per annum, considerably lower than that of sheltered shore mussels, 48.05%. The turnover rate on exposed shores was faster than on sheltered shores as the mean longevities were 2.6 and 6.7 years respectively. In conclusion, these findings showed that the effects of exposure on recruitment, growth and mortality are important in low shore mussel beds.