Cheng, Chun Chiu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-183). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis Committee --- p.i / Statement --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / 摘要 --- p.v / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / General Abbreviations --- p.viii / Abbreviations of Chemicals --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xv / List of Tables --- p.xvii / Table of Contents --- p.xix / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Salt stress in plants --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of the molecular basis of salt tolerance in plants --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Stress perception --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Signal transduction --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Protein phosphatases --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- The SOS pathway for ion homeostasis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- DNA and RNA helicases in post-transcriptional control --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- ROS scavengers --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Proteases and proteinase inhibitors --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Heat shock proteins (Hsps) --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.7 --- Highlights on DnaJ/Hsp40 --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Review on functional genomics of salt stress responses in plants --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Genomics on model organisms --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Transcriptomics for identifying salt stress responsive genes --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Multiple stress transcriptome analysis --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Genome-wide transcriptome analysis on molecular crosstalk --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Tissue specific transcriptome analysis --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.2.4 --- Comparative transcriptome analysis --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.2.5 --- Transcriptome analysis of soybean --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Proteomics in plant salt stress studies --- p.26 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Beyond the transcriptome and proteome --- p.27 / Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of using soybean germplasms for identifying salt stress responsive genes --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- "Plants, bacterial strains，and vectors" --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Enzymes and major chemicals --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Primers --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Commercial kits --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Equipment and facilities --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- "Buffer, solution, gel and medium" --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- cDNA microarray analysis --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Construction of cDNA subtraction libraries --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Assembly of cDNA microarray --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- External control RNA synthesis --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Probe labelling and hybridization --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- Hybridization signal collection --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.1.6 --- Image analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.1.7 --- Data analysis --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.1.8 --- Selection of salt responsive genes using fold difference in expression --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1.9 --- DNA sequencing --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.1.10 --- Real-time PCR analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Growth conditions and treatments of plants --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Soybean for microarray hybridization and real-time PCR --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Soybean for the study of GmDNJ1 expression under ABA treatment --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Wild-type and transgenic Arabidopsis for functional analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Wild-type and transgenic rice for functional analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- "DNA, RNA, and protein extraction" --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Plasmid DNA extraction from E. coli cells --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- RNA extraction from plant tissues --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Soluble protein extraction from plant tissues --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Blot analysis --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Northern blot analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Western blot analysis --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Subcloning of GmDNJ1 into pGEX-4T-1 --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- "Restriction digestion, DNA purification and ligation" --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Transformation of competent Escherichia coli (DH5a and BL21) --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Luciferase refolding assay --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.6.1 --- Culture of E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.6.2 --- Cell lysis --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.6.3 --- Purification of the GST-GmDNJ1 fusion protein --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.6.4 --- Quantitation of protein --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.6.5 --- Luciferase refolding assay --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1 --- Overview of cDNA microarray analysis --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- Identification of salt responsive genes in subtraction libraries concerning two contrasting soybean germplasms --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3 --- Data processing before selection of salt stress responsive genes --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- M-A plots --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Boxplots --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Scatterplots --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4 --- Selection of salt responsive genes using fold difference in expression --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Selection of genes with differential expression between tolerant and sensitive germplasms --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Selection of genes with differential expression between cultivated and wild germplasms --- p.89 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Data validation by real-time PCR analysis --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5 --- Selection of salt responsive genes using statistical tools --- p.95 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Quantitative trait analysis for salt responsive genes --- p.95 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Identification of salt stress correlation genes --- p.100 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Cluster analyses --- p.104 / Chapter 3.5.3.1 --- Clustering genes --- p.104 / Chapter 3.5.3.2 --- Clustering samples --- p.108 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Data validation by real-time PCR analysis --- p.111 / Chapter 3.6 --- Summary of cDNA microarray analysis --- p.112 / Chapter 3.7 --- Studies on GmDNJ1 --- p.120 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Sequence analysis of GmDNJ1 --- p.120 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- GmDNJ1 was induced by salt stress and ABA treatment in soybean (Glycine max) --- p.127 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Expressing GmDNJ1 in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) enhances the tolerance to salt stress and dehydration stress --- p.129 / Chapter 3.7.4 --- Expressing GmDNJ1 in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) enhances the tolerance to salt stress and dehydration stress --- p.135 / Chapter 3.7.5 --- The GmDNJ1 protein can replace DnaJ in the in vitro luciferase refolding assay --- p.141 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.145 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview of expression profiling of the 20 soybean germplasms --- p.145 / Chapter 4.2 --- Identification of salt responsive genes from subtraction libraries --- p.146 / Chapter 4.3 --- Normalization of data from microarray experiments --- p.148 / Chapter 4.4 --- The fold difference analysis --- p.149 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Response to stress --- p.149 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Gene expression --- p.150 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Molecular function --- p.150 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Metabolic activity --- p.151 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Cellular component --- p.152 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Genes with 2.5-fold difference in expression between cultivated and wild germplasms --- p.153 / Chapter 4.5 --- Selection of salt responsive genes using statistical tools --- p.153 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Quantitative trait analysis --- p.153 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Cluster analyses --- p.154 / Chapter 4.6 --- Studies on GmDNJ1 --- p.157 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- GmDNJ1 is a good candidate for gene studies --- p.157 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Sequence analysis of GmDNJ1 suggested it to be a DnaJ/Hsp40 homologue in soybean --- p.158 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- GmDNJ1 was induced by salt stress and ABA treatment --- p.158 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- GmDNJ1 has a higher expression in salt tolerant soybean germplasms over sensitive ones --- p.159 / Chapter 4.6.5 --- Ectopic expression of GmDNJ1 enhanced the tolerance to salt stress and dehydration stress in transgenic Arabidopsis --- p.159 / Chapter 4.6.6 --- Ectopic expression of GmDNJ1 enhanced the tolerance to salt stress and dehydration stress in transgenic rice --- p.160 / Chapter 4.6.7 --- Luciferase activity assay showed that GmDNJ 1 functioned as a DnaJ/Hsp40 in vitro --- p.161 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.162 / References --- p.164 / Appendix I - Enzymes and major chemicals --- p.184 / Appendix II - Primers --- p.188 / Appendix III - Major commercial kits --- p.192 / Appendix IV - Major equipment and facilities --- p.193 / "Appendix V - Formulation of buffer, solution, gel, and medium" --- p.194 / Appendix VI - Plots in microarray experiments --- p.198 / Appendix VII - Clones with differential expression (>2.5-fold or >1.8-fold) between germplasms --- p.208 / Appendix VIII - Salt responsive genes revealed by quantitative trait analysis --- p.216 / Appendix IX - Supplementary data in real-time PCR analysis --- p.221 / Appendix X - Supplementary data in functional analyses --- p.233

Thesis (M.S.) in Resource Economics and Policy--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Advisory Committee: James D. Leiby, Assoc. Prof. of Resource Economics and Policy, Advisor; Mario F. Teisl, Asst. Prof. of Resource Economics and Policy; Kathleen P. Bell, Asst. Prof. of Resource Economics and Policy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves : 52-53).

Environmental stresses such as drought, salinity and low temperature have been major selective forces throughout plant evolution and are important factors which limit crop plant distribution and agricultural productivity. An understanding of how crops adapt to adverse conditions is not only of theoretical interest, but also has considerable practical value . Low-temperature stress subtraction libraries were constructed in a pBluescript vector with the two-step-PCR amplified cDNAs using subtractive hybridization. One insert cs18 was obtained and the sequence analysis of insert cs18 revealed that the insert cDNA had a 76% homology with the sequences of the corresponding portion of glucose dehydrogenase from Thermoplasma acidophilum and 62.0% homology with a genomic DNA of Arabidopsis. Four clones, cs18-13, cs18-14, cs18-15, and cs18-16 from low-temperature stress soybean root conventional cDNA library have been confirmed to have inserts that could hybridize to the cs18 insert. One cDNA with a Xba I and Xho I fragment of approximately 3,500 bp in length corresponded to the insert cs18 , which probably encodes for glucose dehydrogenase, was obtained. Northern blot analysis indicated that cs18 mRNA was highly expressed in soybean root but moderately expressed in leaves under low temperature. Changes in the nuclei of meristematic root cells in response to severe salinity were studied. Roots are in direct contact with the surrounding solution . Thus, they are the first to encounter the saline medium and are potentially the first site of damage or line of defence under salt stress. Nuclear deformation or degradation in the soybean root meristem with 150 mM or higher NaCI led to sequential cell degradation, cell death and cessation of plant growth . However, this study indicates that an increase in CaCI[2] concentration up to 5 mM could partially prevent salt injury to the cells. Tissue culture is an excellent tool for elucidat ing the correlation between plant organizational levels and salt tolerance because of the possibility it offers for studying the physiology of intact plantlets together with that of organs and single cells using homogenous plant material under uniform environmental conditions. One NaCI-tolerant cell line (R100) was isolated during this study. The R100 callus cell line was significantly more tolerant to salt than the salt-sensitive line (S100) during exposure to salt stress. Salt tolerance in this culture was characterized by an altered growth behaviour, reduced cell volume and relative water content, and accumulation of Na+, Cl ¯, K+, proline and sugars when grown under salt stress and with its subsequent relief. The selection of this salt tolerant cell line has potential for contributing new genetic variability to plant breeders. Sugars are not only important energy sources and structural components in plants , they are also central regulatory molecules controlling physiology, metabolism, cell cycle , development, and gene expression in plants. The concentrations of glucose and fructose increased during salt stress and after relieving salt stress, at a rate closely corresponding to the increase in relative water content. Their accumulation was the earliest response detected during the removing of salt stress indicating that glucose and fructose may play important roles during salt-stress. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2000.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

The occurrence of starch and other soluble carbohydrates in the embryos and young developing fruits of 'Essex' soybeans were determined at anthesis and continuing 10 days after flowering (DAF). The embryo was shown to be filled with starch grains which disappeared with development. Digestion of embryo sections with a mixture of α- and β-amylases showed a rapid hydrolysis of the reserve starch, suggesting that enzymatic degradation in vivo may provide soluble sugars as substrates for embryo growth. Starch and soluble sugars in the young developing fruits were found to be high at anthesis and then decreased with fruit growth. However, 6-8 DAF, fruits 7-9 mm showed an influx of soluble sugars and an accumulation of starch. Glucose was the major component of the soluble sugars in the 80% ethanolic extracts analyzed by high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Sucrose was present as a lesser component. Amylase activity was maximal at anthesis, but declined with increasing fruit size. Beta-amylase comprised a high percentage of the amylolytic activity in the developing fruits. Embryo development in fruits of greenhouse-grown plants collected 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 OAF closely paralleled that of greenhouse-grown plants sampled by morphological sizes. The stages of embryo development in fruits from field-grown plants sampled by morphological sizes were similar to anthesis, 2-5 mm, and 4-6 mm fruits of greenhouse-grown plants sampled by the same procedure. However, embryos of field-grown fruits 7-9 mm and 10-15 mm showed a more advanced growth than embryos of fruits of comparable size from greenhouse-grown plants. / M.S.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 I92 / Master of Science

by Li Wing Yen Francisca. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-105). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis committee --- p.i / Statement --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Chinese Abstract --- p.v / Acknowledgemnets --- p.vii / Abbreviations --- p.ix / Table of contents --- p.xii / List of figures --- p.xvi / List of tables --- p.xvii / Chapter 1. --- General Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction to oxidative stress / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Introduction to Reactive Oxygen Species --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Major sites of ROS production / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Chloroplast --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Mitochondria --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Regulation of intercellular ROS content in plant cells / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Enzymatic defense ofROS --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Superoxide dismutases --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- "Ascorbate peroxidase, Glutathione reductase and the Ascorbate-Glutathione cycle" --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1.3 --- Catalase --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.1.4 --- Alternative oxidase --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Non-enzymatic / Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Ascorbate and Glutathione --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- α-tocopherol --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3 --- "Salt, dehydration and oxidative stress" / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Oxidative stress is induced when plants were under salt stress --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Oxidative stress is induced when plants were under dehydration stress --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4 --- ROS scavenging: the road to achieve multiple-stress tolerance? --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5 --- Purple acid phosphatase and its relationship with oxidative stress in plants / Chapter 1.5.1 --- General introduction to plants purple acid phosphatase (PAP) --- p.20 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Purple acid phosphatases that found to be involved in ROS scavenging in plants --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6 --- Previous studies in GmPAP3 --- p.23 / Chapter 1.7 --- Hypothesis and significance of this project --- p.25 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials / Chapter 2.1.1 --- "Plants, bacterial strains and vectors." --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Commercial kits --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Primers and adaptors --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Equipments and facilities used --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- "Buffer, solution, gel and medium" --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Software --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Molecular techniques / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Bacterial cultures for recombinant DNA and plant transformation --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Recombinant DNA techniques --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- "Preparation and transformation of DH5α, DE3 and Agrobacterium competent cells" --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Gel electrophoresis --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- DNA and RNA extraction --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.1.6 --- Generation of single-stranded DIG-labeled PCR probes --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1.7 --- Testing the concentration of DIG-labeled probes --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.1.8 --- Northern blot analysis --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.1.9 --- PCR techniques --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.1.10 --- Sequencing --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Plant cell culture and transformation / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cells --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Growth and treatment conditions for plants / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Growth and salt treatment condition of soybean samples for gene expression studies of GmPAPS --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Root assay of GmPAP3 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- "Immunolabeling, mitochondria integrity, ROS detection and confocal microscopy" / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Immunolabeling of GmPAP3-T7 transgenic cell lines --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Mitochondria integrity --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- Detection of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.4.4 --- Confocal microscopy --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.4.5 --- Images processing and analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 3. --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- "Expression of GmPAP3 was induced by NaCl stress, oxidative stress, and dehydration stress" --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2 --- Establishment of GmPAP3-T7 fusion transgenic cell lines / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Subcloning of GmPAP3-T7 into the binary vector system W104 --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Transformation of W104-GmPAP3-T7 into tobacco BY-2 cells --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3 --- Establishment of GmPAP3 trangenic cell lines / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Subcloning of GmPAP3 into the binary vector system W104 --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Transformation of W104-GmPAP3 into tobacco BY-2 cells --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4 --- Establishment of GmPAP3 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Transformation of W104-GmPAP3 into Arabidopsis thaliana --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5 --- Colocalization of GmPAP3 with MitoTracker-orange --- p.66 / Chapter 3.6 --- Effect of expressing GmPAP 3 on mitochondria integrity of BY-2 cells under NaCl and dehydration stress. --- p.71 / Chapter 3.7 --- Effect of expressing GmPAP3 on ROS production in BY-2 cells under salt and PEG treatment --- p.75 / Chapter 3.8 --- Effect of expressing GmPAP3 in Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress --- p.81 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Gene expression profile of GmPAP3 --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2 --- Subcellular localization of GmPAP3 --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3 --- Functional tests of GmPAP 3 transgenic BY-2 cells / Chapter 4.3.1 --- GmPAP3 could protect the plant cells' mitochondria integrity when under salt and dehydration stress --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Expressing GmPAPS in tobacco BY-2 cells were able to reduce the production ofROS under salt and dehydration stresses --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4 --- Functional tests of GmPAP3 transgenic Arabidopsis --- p.91 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion and perspectives --- p.92 / References --- p.94 / Appendix I: Restriction and modifying enzymes --- p.106 / Appendix II: Chemicals --- p.107 / Appendix III: Commercial kits --- p.111 / Appendix IV: Equipments and facilities used --- p.112 / "Appendix V: Buffer, solution, gel and medium formulation" --- p.113

No description available.

Soybean growth with respect to N fertilizer rates, plant population densities and two cultivars was investigated on three Quebec soils at four sites. Soybean nodulation, growth, grain yields and nutrient uptake at three developmental stages were investigated. Soil nitrate levels after harvest were also studied. / N fertilizer application depressed soybean nodulation consistently, but improved soybean growth where initial soil nitrate levels were low. Grain yield was increased at one site with added N, where soybean growth was stressed by low initial soil nitrate levels (below 17 kg N/ha) and severe summer drought. Soybean N and K uptake were increased with increased N fertilizer but P uptake was not affected. Residual soil nitrate content in the 0-50 cm depth in the fall of the crop year increased linearly and this effect carried over to the following spring. / Plant population had little effect on individual plant nodulation but increased fresh nodule mass per unit area. Plant biomass, grain yield and nutrient uptake were increased with increased population densities. / The cultivar Apache had better nodulation potential and grain yield potential and was better adapted to intensive management practices with high plant populations than the cultivar Maple-Arrow.