Orientador: Benedito Rodrigues de Moraes Neto / Banca: Adilson Marques Gennari / Banca: Vladimir Cipriano Camilo / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o impacto das inovações tecnológicas recentes sobre o emprego industrial na região de Campinas - SP nas indústrias de processo contínuo e metal-mecânica. Neste trabalho expomos de forma geral a questão dos efeitos das mudanças tecnológicas sobre o emprego da força de trabalho, recorrendo a David Ricardo e Karl Marx, e colocamos uma questão para discussão: como é possível ainda, no final do século XX e início do século XXI, dizer-se que são as inovações tecnológicas que expulsam o trabalhador da fábrica? Para tratamento dessa questão passamos pela caracterização do taylorismo/fordismo e também pelo próprio processo de reestruturação produtiva do final do século XX. Verificam-se as relações entre tecnologia e trabalho nas indústrias de processo contínuo e metal-mecânica, procurando elementos que possam esclarecer os possíveis impactos da reestruturação produtiva sobre o emprego da força de trabalho. Faz-se, finalmente, um levantamento empírico para os casos das indústrias de processo contínuo (com ênfase na petroquímica) e da indústria metal-mecânica na região de Campinas - SP, com o objetivo de verificar empiricamente a relação entre reestruturação produtiva e emprego. / Abstract: The objective of this academic work is to discuss the impact of the recent technological innovations over the employment in the Campinas Region of São Paulo State in continous process industries and the Metal- Mechanics sector. In this Dissertation we show, in a general way, the issue of the effect of the technological changes on the empolyment of the work force, referring to the works of David Ricardo and Karl Marx. We also put forward a question for debate: How is it still possible, at the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty - first century, to say that it is technological innovations that are expelling workers from the plant? To address this question we go through the characterization of the Taylorism/Fordismo models of production as well as production reorganization at the end of the twentieth century. The functional relationship between technology and employment in the continous process industry and in the Metal-Mechanics one are verified while looking for elements that can clarify the possible impacts of the productive reorganization on the employment of the labour force. Finally, an empirical survey for the cases of the continous process industry (with emphasis on the Petrochemical one) and the Metal-Mechanics industry in the region of Campinas in São Paulo State, with the objective of verifying empirically the functional relationship between Production reorganization and employment. / Mestre

MSc (Zoology) / Department of Zoology / The adverse ecological effects of landscape modification by humans are well known and continue to be studied. Habitat disturbances arising from such modifications result in various levels of biodiversity loss. Amongst mammals, large carnivores are usually the first to disappear, leaving a gap in the trophic pyramid. However, ecologically adaptive small carnivores, free from the effects of intraguild predation can readily fill this gap (i.e. mesopredator release). In highly productive disturbed habitats, small mammals may thrive, reaching densities that can support an abundant and diverse suite of small carnivores. After frequent sightings of serval (Leptailurus serval) on the highly disturbed Sasol Synfuels Operations property, three camera trap surveys were conducted between 2014 and 2015 to study its ecology. The resulting data was subsequently used to study the site’s small carnivores. Multispecies occupancy modelling was used to determine detection (p) and occupancy (ψ) probabilities and estimate species richness across the study area. Site-specific covariates were then modelled against abundance values to identify any correlations. Out of 23 small carnivore species predicted to occur on the site, 11 were detected. Spatially, estimated species richness was highest in disturbed habitats, while it was slightly lower in Grassland possibly due to undersampling. Detection and occupancy probabilities were low (except for serval), with interspecies variations. It is suspected that this is the result of survey bias towards serval. The only covariate showing any significant effect was livestock presence, negatively affecting serval occupancy. Estimated species richness was used as a proxy to identify high- or low-predation areas. Within these areas, three vegetation treatments were selected (low, medium and high cover). Small mammal foraging behaviour under varying predation pressures within these treatments was then studied using the giving-up density (GUD) framework. Differences in GUDs were examined using generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). Small mammal trapping in the study area showed that four-striped grass mouse (Rhabdomys sp.; diurnal) and multimammate mouse (Mastomys sp.; nocturnal) were dominant. Nocturnal GUDs were lower than diurnal, which is interesting as four-striped grass mice are more abundant than multimammate mice. This indicates that density alone does not influence GUDs. Additionally, no significant difference in GUDs was observed between predation and vegetation treatments. I suggest that observed GUDs are linked to individual or combined impacts of interspecific differences in foraging behaviour, metabolic requirements or temporal variations in perceived predation pressure. GUDs also varied between surveys, being lower in mid- compared to early winter. This might be attributable to decreased availability of food and greater metabolic requirements in mid-winter. The results show that modified landscapes (such as the study site) can contribute to biodiversity conservation, especially of small carnivores, the adaptability of which allows them to flourish in disturbed habitats. Under favourable conditions, ecologically flexible small mammal species seem to be unaffected by the risks associated with an abundance of small carnivores. While the processes governing the dynamics of predator and prey communities in disturbed systems are not entirely clear, the conservation potential of such areas cannot be ignored and deserves more attention from researchers. / NRF

Orientador: Marcos Hikari Toyama / Abstract: This research presents techniques for experimental practice in teaching the disciplines that make up the area of Natural Sciences and its Technologies, in high school. Proposing the analysis of the natural environments surrounding the school units, as study alternatives, applying specific knowledge in the context of the student's life, valuing his previous knowledge and bringing him closer to scientific knowledge, through the work of socio-environmental research and concern for quality of life of community residents, by identifying the presence of lead, in the waters of the Itapanhaú River, in the municipality of Bertioga, on the coast of São Paulo. The authors supporting this work: Myriam Krasilschik (2011), Nelio Bizzo (2009), Berenice Alvares Rosito (2011), Ione Maria de Oliveira et.al. (2006), as well as official publications BNCC (2018) and CONAMA. Support the results from the perspective constructivist, proving that apply science in a practical way is possible in public school, what subjects (problem situations) of common interest such as the "health of the River", encourage the active participation of students and thus, result in the awareness of the interactions between science and society as a complex activity and that there is no universal method for solving all problems, but an interactive dynamic between thought and action. Keywords: Bertioga; Itapanhaú River; Teaching Practice; BNCC; Lead. / Resumo: Esta pesquisa, apresenta técnicas para a prática experimental no ensino das disciplinas que compõem a área das Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias, no ensino médio. Propondo a análise dos ambientes naturais do entorno das unidades escolares, como alternativas de estudos, aplicando conhecimentos específicos no contexto de vida do aluno, valorizando seus conhecimentos prévios e o aproximando dos conhecimentos científicos, através do trabalho de pesquisa socioambiental e da preocupação com a qualidade de vida dos moradores da comunidade, através da identificação da presença de chumbo, nas águas do Rio Itapanhaú, no município de Bertioga, litoral de São Paulo. Os autores que sustentam este trabalho: Myriam Krasilschik (2011), Nelio Bizzo (2009), Berenice Alvares Rosito (2011), Ione Maria de Oliveira et.al.(2006), como também publicações oficiais BNCC (2018) e CONAMA. Apoiam os resultados na perspectiva construtivista, que comprovam que aplicar a Ciência de forma prática é possível, em escola pública, que assuntos (situações problema) de interesse comuns, como a “saúde do Rio”, incentivam a participação ativa dos alunos e assim, resultam na consciência das interações entre ciência e sociedade como uma atividade complexa e que não existe um método universal para resolução de todos os problemas, mas sim uma dinâmica interativa entre pensamento e ação. / Mestre

A better understanding of host – hemiparasite association can lead to deepening and improving strategies, which would result in a long-term sustainability of their mutual balance or prosperity of urban and forest vegetation growth. The aim of the thesis is to describe and explore periodicity and dynamics of hemiparasite (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.) on various host woody species (Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl., Carpinus betulus L., Prunus spinosa L.), options of the host support and means of a careful removal of parasite. However, to determine the progress of the infestation in time was the primary aim of the thesis. The research has been carried out in Brno – Kohoutovice and National Park Podyjí. The emergence of both hemiparasite´s and host´s phenophases were mutually compared in the critical conditions. The variation of the growth modules of mistletoe was compared in relation to the host species. The growth and fruit yield of the host and hemiparasite were analysed after the application of fertilizer based on the variations of the mineral content of leaves and soil. Between the years 2011-2015, 1599 stems were monitored for the degree of infestation by mistletoe. The results indicate that the vitality of the hemiparasite depends on the type of host. Fertilizer application improved the growth of the host. Arboricide application on the leaves of the hemiparasite was proven to be efficient. The abundance of hemiparasite increases with the increasing diameter at breast height (DBH), time and mutual interaction. The amount of hemiparasite slightly increases with the lower DBH. However, with the increasing DBH the mentioned phenomenon decreases. The trees with high DBH even show the decrease in the mistletoe infestation in time. Nevertheless, the decrease was accompanied by negative effect – gradual reduction of the crown and loss of the host tree branches. Hemiparasite is able to eradicate the whole stand. Hence, the necessity of paying attention to this issue since the young age of the individual trees. It is necessary to protect trees against stress aspects which can accelerate the negative effect of hemiparasite on the host.

This is the first survey of subtidal marine tardigrades from the Bahamas, and we compare our results with earlier studies of Bahamian intertidal habitats. In 2011 and 2014 we collected 60 subtidal sand samples from Bimini, the Berry Islands, New Providence, Eleuthera, and the Exumas. We found 11 species only one of which, Dipodarctus subterraneus (Renaud- Debyser, 1959), had been found in the previous intertidal Bahamian collections. Thus, 10 species are new records for the Bahamas, and four of these are new to science. We describe two of the new species (Archechiniscus bahamensis sp. nov. and Anisonyches eleutherensis sp. nov.). Additional material is needed for a conclusive identification of the undescribed species of Batillipes and Florarctus. Based on examination of the holotype of Anisonyches diakidius Pollock, 1975, we redescribe this species and give an emended diagnosis of the genus and the species. We also provide new keys to the spe-cies in the genera Archechiniscus and Anisonyches. A Chao2 species richness estimate indicated that our sampling effort was extensive and probably recovered most common species. Correlations of abundance and diversity indices with regard to depth, distance to nearest shore, and sediment grain size were not significant.

Orientadora: Thais Regina Pavez / Resumo: A feira livre de domingo na cidade de Marília foi deslocada de lugar por interferência da igreja Universal do Reino de Deus e com a mediação do poder público. Ao pesquisar os elementos que construíram esse acontecimento foi possível realizar questionamentos sobre os espaços na cidade de Marília. Baseando-se na lógica de segregação dos "enclaves fortificados", identificamos a localização da feira livre e da igreja Universal no debate sobre a inclusão e a exclusão urbana. Esse acontecimento se revelou pertinente para pensarmos a dinâmica urbana na medida em que ele expressa, de certa forma, como o capital se apropria dos espaços da cidade e como os moldam aos seus interesses. Portanto para entendermos como as relações sociais são construídas nos enclaves e nos espaços abertos foram identificados espaços que os frequentadores da feira livre possuem contato cotidiano. Ao apreendermos a dinâmica desses espaços foi possível a elaboração de duas categorias, os espaços espontâneos e os espaços estéreis, que funcionam a partir de pressupostos distintos e que influenciam as reações sociais dos sujeitos que os frequentam. Desta forma, o estudo dos espaços da cidade contribuiu para compreendermos o sentido da relação entre a feira livre e a igreja Universal e como e porque a feira livre foi mudada de lugar sem resistências. Para desenvolvermos esta pesquisa foi-se apropriado de técnicas de pesquisa como, por exemplo, a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e a etnografia concomitante à apre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sunday's free fair in the city of Marilia was displaced by interference from the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God and with the mediation of public power. By researching the elements that built this event it was possible to ask questions about the spaces in the city of Marília. Based on the segregation logic of the "fortified enclaves", we identified the localization of the free fair and the Universal Church in the debate on urban inclusion and exclusion. This event proved pertinent to think about urban dynamics as it expresses, in a way, how capital appropriates the spaces of the city and how they shape them to their interests. Therefore, in order to understand how social relations are built in enclaves and in open spaces, the research identified spaces that frequenters of free fair have daily contact with. By apprehending the dynamics of these spaces, it was possible to elaborate two categories: the spontaneous spaces and the sterile spaces, which function from different assumptions and that influence the social reactions of the subjects who frequent them. Thus, the study of the city's spaces contributed to understand the meaning of the relationship between the free fair and the Universal Church and how and why the free fair was moved without resistance. To develop this research it was appropriate to research techniques such as bibliographic, documentary research and ethnography concomitant to photographic apprehension of the studied spaces. Finally, the data were anal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Actinoplanes sp. ATCC 33002 produziert ein fünffach chloriertes Phenylpyrrolderivat, das Pentachlorpseudilin[1], für dessen Biosynthese die Beteiligung FADH2-abhängiger Halogenasen vermutet wurde. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es deshalb, in Actinoplanes sp. nach Genen FADH2-abhängiger Halogenasen zu suchen und diese heterolog zu überexprimieren. Durch Hybridisierungsexperimente mit prnC[2] (Halogenasegen aus Pseudo¬monas fluorescens) als Sonde konnten in Actinoplanes sp. ATCC 33002 zwei potentielle Gene FADH2-abhängiger Halogenasen (halA und halB) detektiert werden. Beide Gene weisen hohe Homologien zu Genen bereits bekannter FADH2-abhängiger Halogenasen auf. Die für HalA und HalB abgeleiteten Aminosäuresequenzen weisen die größten Ähnlichkeiten zur Chlortetra¬cyclin¬halogenase (Cts4)[3] aus Streptomyces aureofaciens und zur Halogenase PrnC[2] aus Pseudomonas fluorescens BL915 auf, welche im Bereich von 55 % bis 61 % liegen. HalA und HalB enthalten die in bekannten FADH2-abhängigen Halogenasen konservierten Sequenzmotive: die FADH2-Bindestelle und das Tryptophanmotiv[4]. Während die Überexpression von halA und halB in Escherichia coli zu Inclusionbodies führte, konnte halB in zwei Pseudomonadenstämmen in löslicher Form überexprimiert werden. In P. aureofaciens pCIBhalB wurde halB und in P. fluorescens pCIBhalBhis halBhis überexprimiert. In Enzymaktivitätstests mit verschiedenen Phenylpyrrolderivaten als potentiellen Substraten wurde im HalB enthaltenden Rohextrakt des Expressionsstammes P. aureofaciens pCIBhalB in vitro chlorierende Aktivität nachgewiesen. HalB gehört somit zur Gruppe der FADH2-abhängigen Halogenasen. [1] Cavalleri, B., Volpe, G., Tuan, G., Berti, M., Parenti, F., Curr. Microbiol. 1 (1978) 319 [2] Hammer, P. E., Hill, D. S., Lam, S. T., van Pée, K.-H., Ligon, J. M., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63 (1997) 2147 [3] Dairi, T., Nakano, T., Aisaka, K., Katsumata, R., Hasegawa, M., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59 (1995) 1099 [4] van Pée, K.-H., Zehner, S., Enzymology and molecular genetics of biological halogenation. In: G. W. Gribble (Ed.), The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3, part P. Natural production of organohalogen compounds. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, (2003) 171

No description available.

Chionochloa, a genus of snow tussock grasses native to New Zealand, exhibits pronounced mast seeding. Chionochloa suffers very high levels of pre-dispersal flower and seed predation by three main insects: Eucalyptodiplosis chionochloae, a cecidomyiid midge, which is formally described here; Megacraspedus calamogonus, a gelechiid moth and Diplotoxa similis, a chloropid fly. Seven species of parasitoids that attack these seed predators were discovered. Four species parasitize M. calamogonus (one tachinid fly and three hymenopteran wasps), one parasitizes D. similis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and two parasitize E. chionochloae, (a pteromalid wasp Gastrancistrus sp. and a platygastrid wasp Zelostemma chionochloae, which is given a formal description here). The abundance, predation levels by each of the insect species, and interactions between all the organisms in the community were studied across three elevations at Mount Hutt over three summer seasons. M. calamogonus was most abundant at 450 m altitude during all three seasons. D. similis was most common at 1070 m altitude, while its predation levels peaked in low flowering seasons and decreased in high seasons. E. chionochloae was abundant in all three altitudes and increased its predation levels with increasing flowering intensity. E. chionochloae was confirmed to use prolonged diapause of at least three years. Prolonged diapause was also confirmed in its two parasitoids. Chionochloa plants were manipulated with various treatments to test the effect on diapause in E. chionochloae and its two parasitoids. Treatments included plant warming, root pruning, gibberellic acid sprayed on the plants and combinations of these treatments. All three insects changed their emergence in response to some treatments and therefore it was suggested that combined with risk-spreading diapause, they may use some predicting to emerge from prolonged diapause. E. chionochloae control their diapause following some of the cues that Chionochloa use for flowering, while Z. chionochloae and Gastrancistrus in some cases follow their host’s cues and in others use similar cues as Chionochloa plants. Emergence or diapause predictions differed across elevations and plant species in all three insect seed/flower predators. E. chionochloae had female-biased sex ratios in different populations even after prolonged diapause. There was week evidence that both parasitoid species are female-biased in the first emergence year and male-biased after more than one year in diapause. Therefore it was suggested that diapause is not more costly for females of E. chionochloae and its parasitoid than for males. Females of all three species were not found to be better predictors (i.e, more likely to respond to treatments by not entering extended diapause) than males. The complex interactions of all the organisms in this web are thought to be sensitive to climate, and it was suggested that the global climate change may alter this sensitive system.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elenice da Fonseca Uzan.pdf: 8040737 bytes, checksum: 22dd0302918bbc8a92235fe3ceff5bd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-13 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This dissertation analysed the specific forms of expansion in the urban-residential area of Guarulhos, especially the low income groups, living in areas of natural hazards in blends of Recreio São Jorge and Novo Recreio São Jorge. The new territories created, the determinant factors, the main structural agents these modifications and, especially, making a link with these dynamics in a general process of reproduction of capitalism and the society. In this perspective, the social inequalities are resulting of the materialization spatial of the city, so we can affirm that the urban space it does not reproduce without conflicts and contradictions, structurally linked to the capitalist logic and reproduction of a society divided in different classes, where increasingly, the land valorization in some areas, combined with the real estate strategies, limits the possibilities for use of space for social segments of low income. In this way, the changes in current patterns of residential groups with low purchasing power, involve changes in the intra-urban spatial organization of Guarulhos, creating new needs and new spatial arrangements, related with the process of building the current socioeconomic dynamics of the county and the adoption of political public that interfere directly in the different forms of occupation of the space and permeate it / A presente dissertação buscou analisar as formas específicas da expansão do espaço urbano-residencial de Guarulhos, especialmente dos grupos de menor renda, vivendo em áreas de riscos naturais nos loteamentos de Recreio São Jorge e Novo Recreio São Jorge, as novas territorialidades criadas, os fatores determinantes, os principais agentes estruturadores dessas modificações e, principalmente, relacionar tais dinâmicas a um processo mais geral de reprodução do capitalismo e da própria sociedade. Nessa perspectiva, as desigualdades sociais resultam da materialização espacial da cidade, portanto, pode-se afirmar que o espaço urbano não se reproduz sem conflitos e contradições, ligado estruturalmente à própria lógica capitalista e à reprodução de uma sociedade dividida em classes, onde, cada vez mais, a valorização do solo em certas áreas, aliada às estratégias imobiliárias, limita as possibilidades de uso do espaço pelos segmentos sociais de menor renda. Nesse sentido, as mudanças nos atuais padrões residenciais dos grupos de menor poder aquisitivo implicam transformações na organização espacial intra-urbana de Guarulhos, criando novas necessidades e novos arranjos espaciais, relacionados ao processo de construção da atual dinâmica socioeconômica do município e à adoção de políticas públicas que interferem diretamente nas distintas formas de ocupação de seu espaço e as permeiam