La présence de systèmes et d'objets embarqués communicants dans notre vie quotidienne nous a apporté une myriade d'avantages, allant de l'ajout de commodité et de divertissement à l'amélioration de la sûreté de nos déplacements et des soins de santé. Cependant, les défauts et les vulnérabilités de ces systèmes exposent leurs utilisateurs à des risques de dommages matériels, de pertes financières, et même des dommages corporels. Par exemple, certains véhicules commercialisés, qu'ils soient connectés ou conventionnels, ont déjà souffert d'une variété de défauts de conception entraînant des blessures et la mort. Dans le même temps, alors que les véhicules sont de plus en plus connectés (et dans un avenir proche, autonomes), les chercheurs ont démontré la possibilité de piratage de leurs capteurs ou de leurs systèmes de contrôle interne, y compris l'injection directe de messages sur le bus CAN.Pour assurer la sûreté des utilisateurs et des passants, il faut considérer plusieurs facteurs. La sûreté conventionnelle suggère qu'un système ne devrait pas contenir de défauts logiciels et matériels qui peuvent l'empêcher de fonctionner correctement. La "sûreté de la fonction attendue" consiste à éviter les situations que le système ou ses composants ne peuvent pas gérer, comme des conditions environnementales extrêmes. Le timing peut être critique pour certains systèmes en temps réel, car afin d'éviter des situations dangereuses, le système devra réagir à certains événements, comme l'évitement d'obstacles, dans un délai déterminé. Enfin, la sûreté d'un système dépend de sa sécurité. Un attaquant qui peut envoyer des commandes fausses ou modifier le logiciel du système peut changer son comportement et le mettre dans diverses situations dangereuses. Diverses contre-mesures de sécurité et de sûreté pour les systèmes embarqués, en particulier les véhicules connectés, ont été proposées. Pour mettre en oeuvre correctement ces contre-mesures, il faut analyser et vérifier que le système répond à toutes les exigences de sûreté, de sécurité et de performance, et les faire la plus tôt possible dans les premières phases de conception afin de réduire le temps de mise sur le marché, et éviter les reprises. Cette thèse s'intéresse à la sécurité et la sûreté des les systèmes embarqués, dans le contexte du véhicule autonome de l'Institut Vedecom. Parmi les approches proposées pour assurer la sûreté et la sécurité des les systèmes embarqués, l'ingénierie dirigée par modèle est l'une de ces approches qui couvre l'ensemble du processus de conception, depuis la définition des exigences, la conception du matériel et des logiciels, la simulation/vérification formelle et la génération du code final. Cette thèse propose une méthodologie de modélisation pour une conception sûre et sécurisée, basée sur la méthodologie SysML-Sec, qui implique de nouvelles méthodes de modélisation et de vérification. La modélisation de la sécurité est généralement effectuée dans les dernières phases de la conception. Cependant, la sécurité a un impact sur l'architecture/allocation; les décisions de partitionnement logiciel/matériel devraient être prises en fonction de la capacité de l'architecture à satisfaire aux exigences de sécurité. Cette thèse propose comment modéliser les mécanismes de sécurité et l'impact d'un attaquant dans la phase de partitionnement logiciel/matériel. Comme les protocoles de sécurité ont un impact négatif sur le performance d'un système, c'est important de mesurer l'utilisation des composants matériels et les temps de réponse du système. Des composants surchargés peuvent entraîner des performances imprévisibles et des retards indésirables. Cette thèse traite aussi des mesures de latence des événements critiques pour la sécurité, en se concentrant sur un exemple critique pour les véhicules autonomes : le freinage/réponse après la détection d'obstacles. Ainsi, nos contributions soutiennent la conception sûre et sécurisée des systèmes embarqués. / The presence of communicating embedded systems/IoTs in our daily lives have brought a myriad of benefits, from adding conveniences and entertainment, to improving the safety of our commutes and health care. However, the flaws and vulnerabilities in these devices expose their users to risks of property damage, monetary losses, and personal injury. For example, consumer vehicles, both connected and conventional, have succumbed to a variety of design flaws resulting in injuries and death. At the same time, as vehicles are increasingly connected (and in the near future, autonomous), researchers have demonstrated possible hacks on their sensors or internal control systems, including direct injection of messages on the CAN bus.Ensuring the safety of users or bystanders involves considering multiple factors. Conventional safety suggests that a system should not contain software and hardware flaws which can prevent it from correct function. `Safety of the Intended Function' involves avoiding the situations which the system or its components cannot handle, such as adverse extreme environmental conditions. Timing can be critical for certain real-time systems, as the system will need to respond to certain events, such as obstacle avoidance, within a set period to avoid dangerous situations. Finally, the safety of a system depends on its security. An attacker who can send custom commands or modify the software of the system may change its behavior and send it into various unsafe situations. Various safety and security countermeasures for embedded systems, especially connected vehicles, have been proposed. To place these countermeasures correctly requires methods of analyzing and verifying that the system meets all safety, security, and performance requirements, preferably at the early design phases to minimize costly re-work after production. This thesis discusses the safety and security considerations for embedded systems, in the context of Institut Vedecom's autonomous vehicle. Among the proposed approaches to ensure safety and security in embedded systems, Model-Driven Engineering is one such approach that covers the full design process, from elicitation of requirements, design of hardware and software, simulation/formal verification, and final code generation. This thesis proposes a modeling-based methodology for safe and secure design, based on the SysML-Sec Methodology, which involve new modeling and verification methods. Security modeling is generally performed in the last phases of design. However, security impacts the early architecture/mapping and HW/SW partitioning decisions should be made based on the ability of the architecture to satisfy security requirements. This thesis proposes how to model the security mechanisms and the impact of an attacker as relevant to the HW/SW Partitioning phase. As security protocols negatively impact performance, it becomes important to measure both the usage of hardware components and response times of the system. Overcharged components can result in unpredictable performance and undesired delays. This thesis also discusses latency measurements of safety-critical events, focusing on one critical to autonomous vehicles: braking as after obstacle detection. Together, these additions support the safe and secure design of embedded systems.

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This dissertation is a study of the experimental artistic practice of the group called Dvizhenie (The Movement) that was active in Moscow between 1964 and 1976 and associated with the Kinetic movement. The period of the group’s activity coincided with a political transition in the USSR from later stages of The Khrushchev’s Thaw characterised by cultural liberation and political reforms into The Stagnation era already defined by Leonid Brezhnev’s rule and subsequently a more conservative and stricter governmental attitude towards artistic production. In this period of a little more than a decade, The Movement group was a single experimental union in the USSR that enjoyed public success and achieved a rapid transformation of their activities from small-scale exhibitions into public state commissions. In the course of this transition, the members of the group formed an entirely new artistic language that was neither similar to Socialist Realism nor to the tendencies of Abstract painting, which gained importance in the circles of experimental Soviet artists at the time. Instead, they turned to the aesthetics of Kinetic art, science- fiction and design and found inspiration in a dialogue with Russian Avant-garde tradition. The narrative of the dissertation follows the specificity of the experimental group’s development in the defined stages and analyses how the group met with the challenges of censorship and opportunities of ideological collaborations. On a broader scale, the dissertation offers an investigation into the functions of experimental thinking in the USSR in the 1960s and evaluates the role of futuristic planning and artists’ dialogue with the restored tradition of the 1920s Avant-garde projects.:Table of Contents List of illustrations...............................................................................................5 Acknowledgements...........................................................................................13 Introduction.....................................................................................................15 State of Research.............................................................................................21 Methodology....................................................................................................29 Chapter I. 1960s Alternative Culture: in the USSR and Abroad...................................53 1.1. Defence of individualism: The Thaw (1954–1968)...........................................53 1.2. Open work against individualism: 1960s movement of Kinetic art......................65 1.3. In transition to Kinetic art: the formation of The Movement group.......................71 Chapter II. Theory and Practice Of The Movement...................................................81 2.1.Theoretical principles of the group: synthesis, symmetry, and movement.............81 2.2.“Towards Synthesis In Arts”, 1964, Moscow...................................................90 2.3.Architects or artists, 1965, Leningrad..........................................................102 2.4. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, 1966, Moscow.....................................107 Chapter III. The Movement’s Performances and Theatre Productions........................115 3.1.Artistic strategies of performance in The Movement’s practice..........................115 3.2.Humans and machines............................................................................123 3.3. Manifestation of the synthesis principle in performances................................135 3.4.The symbolism of history in The Movement’s productions...............................139 3.5.Escapism of the nature performances.........................................................143 3.6.The strategy of an artefact in Infante’s work.................................................150 Chapter IV. Sciences, State, and Culture..............................................................154 4.1.Kinetic art in urban and exhibition designs...................................................154 4.2. Agitational art at the 1967 October Festival.................................................159 4.3. Value of creativity and designs for “Orlenok”, 1968.......................................170 4.4.Exhibition designs..................................................................................172 4.5.Art and the Stagnation period in the USSR..................................................182 Chapter V. Futurism In The Movement’s Projects..................................................187 5.1. Artificial environments of the next century....................................................187 5.2. The future is cybernetic...........................................................................192 5.3. The power of play..................................................................................195 5.4. Rationalising the unknown: transhumanism and space travel in The Movement’s futurism.........................................................................................................199 3 5.5. Why we need another utopia?..................................................................207 Chapter VI. The Movement: Separate and Abroad.................................................217 6.1. The Movement as a part of the global network.............................................217 6.2. The Movement as a part of dissident art and contemporary interpretations........222 6.3. Separate ways: Infante, Nussberg, Koleichuk..............................................231 Epilogue........................................................................................................243 Bibliography...................................................................................................252 Illustrations....................................................................................................265

This dissertation is a study of the experimental artistic practice of the group called Dvizhenie (The Movement) that was active in Moscow between 1964 and 1976 and associated with the Kinetic movement. The period of the group’s activity coincided with a political transition in the USSR from later stages of The Khrushchev’s Thaw characterised by cultural liberation and political reforms into The Stagnation era already defined by Leonid Brezhnev’s rule and subsequently a more conservative and stricter governmental attitude towards artistic production. In this period of a little more than a decade, The Movement group was a single experimental union in the USSR that enjoyed public success and achieved a rapid transformation of their activities from small-scale exhibitions into public state commissions. In the course of this transition, the members of the group formed an entirely new artistic language that was neither similar to Socialist Realism nor to the tendencies of Abstract painting, which gained importance in the circles of experimental Soviet artists at the time. Instead, they turned to the aesthetics of Kinetic art, science- fiction and design and found inspiration in a dialogue with Russian Avant-garde tradition. The narrative of the dissertation follows the specificity of the experimental group’s development in the defined stages and analyses how the group met with the challenges of censorship and opportunities of ideological collaborations. On a broader scale, the dissertation offers an investigation into the functions of experimental thinking in the USSR in the 1960s and evaluates the role of futuristic planning and artists’ dialogue with the restored tradition of the 1920s Avant-garde projects.:Table of Contents List of illustrations...............................................................................................5 Acknowledgements...........................................................................................13 Introduction.....................................................................................................15 State of Research.............................................................................................21 Methodology....................................................................................................29 Chapter I. 1960s Alternative Culture: in the USSR and Abroad...................................53 1.1. Defence of individualism: The Thaw (1954–1968)...........................................53 1.2. Open work against individualism: 1960s movement of Kinetic art......................65 1.3. In transition to Kinetic art: the formation of The Movement group.......................71 Chapter II. Theory and Practice Of The Movement...................................................81 2.1.Theoretical principles of the group: synthesis, symmetry, and movement.............81 2.2.“Towards Synthesis In Arts”, 1964, Moscow...................................................90 2.3.Architects or artists, 1965, Leningrad..........................................................102 2.4. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, 1966, Moscow.....................................107 Chapter III. The Movement’s Performances and Theatre Productions........................115 3.1.Artistic strategies of performance in The Movement’s practice..........................115 3.2.Humans and machines............................................................................123 3.3. Manifestation of the synthesis principle in performances................................135 3.4.The symbolism of history in The Movement’s productions...............................139 3.5.Escapism of the nature performances.........................................................143 3.6.The strategy of an artefact in Infante’s work.................................................150 Chapter IV. Sciences, State, and Culture..............................................................154 4.1.Kinetic art in urban and exhibition designs...................................................154 4.2. Agitational art at the 1967 October Festival.................................................159 4.3. Value of creativity and designs for “Orlenok”, 1968.......................................170 4.4.Exhibition designs..................................................................................172 4.5.Art and the Stagnation period in the USSR..................................................182 Chapter V. Futurism In The Movement’s Projects..................................................187 5.1. Artificial environments of the next century....................................................187 5.2. The future is cybernetic...........................................................................192 5.3. The power of play..................................................................................195 5.4. Rationalising the unknown: transhumanism and space travel in The Movement’s futurism.........................................................................................................199 3 5.5. Why we need another utopia?..................................................................207 Chapter VI. The Movement: Separate and Abroad.................................................217 6.1. The Movement as a part of the global network.............................................217 6.2. The Movement as a part of dissident art and contemporary interpretations........222 6.3. Separate ways: Infante, Nussberg, Koleichuk..............................................231 Epilogue........................................................................................................243 Bibliography...................................................................................................252 Illustrations....................................................................................................265

Although there have been oscillations in airship interest since their use in the early 1900s, technological advancements and the need for more flexible and environmentally friendly transportation modes have caused a stream of study and surge in airship development in recent years. For companies and governments to understand how airships can be incorporated into their fleets to fulfil new or existing mission types, system design space exploration is an important step in understanding airships, their uses, and their design parameters. A decision support system (DSS), Design Exploration of Lighter-Than-Air Systems (DELTAS), was developed to help stakeholders with this task. DELTAS allows users to design airships and missions to determine how a design will perform in the scenario. Simulations can also be run for a given mission to find the Pareto-optimal designs for user-defined ranges of high-level airship design parameters. A case study is provided that demonstrates how DELTAS can be used to explore the airship design space for three specified missions. These three mission case studies show how design of experiments is important to more thoroughly cover the design space and to find and understand the relationships between airship design variables that lead to optimal mission times and costs. This research also explores the impacts of introducing an airship into operation. Engineered products have economic, environmental, and social impacts, which comprise the major dimensions of sustainability. This paper seeks to determine the interaction between design parameters when social impacts are incorporated into the concept development phase of the systems design process. Social impact evaluation is increasing in importance similar to what has happened in recent years with environmental impact consideration in the design of engineered products. Concurrently, research into new airship design has increased. Airships have yet to be reintroduced at a large scale or for a range of applications in society. Although airships have the potential for positive environmental and economic impacts, the social impacts are still rarely considered. This paper presents a case study of the hypothetical introduction of airships in the Amazon region of Brazil to help local farmers transport their produce to market. It explores the design space in terms of both engineering parameters and social impacts using a discrete-event simulation to model the system. The social impacts are found to be dependent not only on the social factors and airship design parameters, but also on the farmer-airship system, suggesting that socio-technical systems design will benefit from integrated social impact metric analysis. This thesis seeks to demonstrate how computer-aided engineering tools can be used to predict social impacts, to more effectively explore a system's design space, and to optimize the system design for maximum positive impact, using the modern airship as a case study.

Exploring the Solar System is an ongoing process of humanity that cannot be stopped. It requires large amounts of resources to explore space, which need to be acquired from somewhere. Resources mined on Earth cannot be diverted from vital productions on Earth as those required for energy systems transition and developing a sustainable society. With an ever-increasing demand of resources on Earth, resource extraction needs to be increased and diverted to avoid resource depletion. One such diversion is resource extraction from terrestrial bodies other than Earth, such as asteroids, meteorites, and the Moon. This thesis looks at the resources present on the Moon by compiling a chemical database which is then fed to mathematical models aimed to compare historical trends of Earth mining operations and prospected trends from lunar resources. Such approach is expected to establish if lunar mining is viable. The results are discussed in a larger context of how lunar resources can be used for in-situ resource utilization for solar system exploration, as well as questions regarding space law and possible colonialization.

High Level Synthesis (HLS) is a methodology to translate a model developed in a high abstraction layer, e.g. C/C++/SystemC, that describes the algorithm into a Register-Transfer level (RTL) description like Verilog or VHDL. The resulting RTL description from the translation is subject to multiple user-controlled directives and an internal design space exploration algorithm specific to the toolchain used. HLS allow designers to focus on the behaviour of the design at a higher abstraction compared to the behavioural modelling available within the Hardware Description Language (HDL) as the compiler decides the movement of data and timing in the resulting design. Ericsson uses a legacy Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) like interface called Memory/Register Interface (MIRI) interface for data movement in a subsystem of one of their Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The thesis attempts to upgrade the protocol to the more performant ARM Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) protocols’ Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) or Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) interfaces. SystemC provides a host of functionalities to define the complete behaviour of the circuit at a high level of abstraction. This thesis will explore the effect of the structuring SystemC models on their synthesis, and perform design space exploration to understand the best design methodology to adopt in a SystemC model design and compare the models based on the final synthesis metrics like area, timing, and register counts. The toolchain for the thesis will be the Stratus HLS compiler developed by Cadence. Stratus supports all synthesizable constructs of SystemC. Most HLS research focuses on improving Design Space Exploration algorithms used internally in the HLS tools. However, designers can utilize algorithm structuring to provide the HLS engines with a better starting point. In this thesis, the Stratus toolchain will be used to experiment with different models with equivalent behaviour and performance. Thereafter, extract which constructs used in the models are optimal for allowing the internal design space exploration algorithm to perform in the best way possible. / HLS är en metod för att översätta en modell utvecklad på hög abstraktionsnivå t.ex. C/C++/SystemC som beskriver algoritmen på registeröverföringsnivå (RTL) som Verilog eller VHDL. Den resulterande RTL-beskrivningen utsätts för flera användarkontrollerade direktiv och en intern Design Space Exploration (DSE) algoritm, vilken är specifik för den verktygskedja som används. Detta gör det möjligt för en designer att fokusera på konstruktion beteende på en högre abstraktionsnivå jämfört med den beteendemodellering som finns tillgänglig inom det hårdvarubeskrivande språket (HDL:en) när kompilatorn bestämmer tidpunkten för utbytet av data i den resulterande designen. Ericsson använder ett äldre gränssnitt för Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) som kallas Memory/Register Interface (MIRI), vilket är ett gränssnitt för utbyte av data i ett delsystem i en av deras Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC:ar). Avhandlingen försöker uppgradera protokollet till ett av de det mer högpresterande ARM Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture – protokollen Advanced High-Performance Bus (AHB) eller Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI). SystemC tillhandahåller en mängd funktioner för att definiera kretsens fullständiga beteende vid en hög abstraktionsnivå. Denna avhandling utforskar effekten av strukturerade SystemC-modeller och deras syntesresultat samt konstruktionsrymden, för att förstå den bästa designmetodiken i ett SystemC-modelleringsdesignflöde och jämföra modellerna baserade på de slutliga syntesmätvärdena som storlek, timing, etc. Verktygskedjan för avhandlingen kommer att vara Stratus HLS -kompilatorn som utvecklats av Cadence. Stratus stöder alla syntetiserbara konstruktioner av SystemC. HLS-forskningen fokuserar främst på att förbättra Design Space Exploration, dvs de algoritmer som används internt i HLS-verktygen för att komma fram till lösningar. För att ge HLS -motorerna en bättre utgångspunkt. I denna avhandling kommer Stratus att användas för att utvärdera olika modeller med ekvivalent beteende och nästan samma prestanda efter Syntes, för att komma fram till vilka konstruktioner är optimala för att den interna DSE-algoritmen skall fungera bäst.

The evolution and deployment of fifth-generation (5G) and beyond (B5G) infrastructure will require a tremendous effort to specify the design, standards, and manufacturing. 5G is vital to modern technological evolution, including industry 4.0, automotive, entertainment, and health care. The ambitious and challenging 5G project is classified into three categories, which provide an essential supporting platform for applications associated with: Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) Ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) Massive machine-type communication (mMTC) The demand for URLLC grows, particularly for applications like autonomous guided vehicles (AGVs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and factory automation, and has a strict requirement of low latency of 1 ms and high reliability of 99.999%. To meet the needs of communication-sensitive and computation-intensive applications with different quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, this evolution focuses on ultra-dense edge networks with multi-access edge computing (MEC) facilities. MEC emerges as a solution, placing resourceful servers closer to users. However, the dynamic nature of processing and interaction patterns necessitates effective network control, which is challenging due to stringent requirements on both communication and computation. In this context, we introduce a novel approach to optimally manage task offloading, considering the intricacies of heterogeneous computing and communication services. Unlike existing methods, our methodology incorporates the number of admitted service migrations and QoS upper and lower bounds as binding constraints. The comprehensive model encompasses agent positions, MEC servers, QoS requirements, edge network communication, and server computing capabilities. Formulated as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP), it provides an optimal schedule for service migrations and bandwidth allocation, addressing the challenges posed by computation-intensive and communication-sensitive applications. Moreover, tailoring to an indoor robotics environment, we explore optimization-based approaches seeking an optimal system-level architecture while considering QoS guarantees. Optimization tools, e.g., ARCHEX, prove their ability to capture cyber-physical systems (CPS) requirements and generate correct-by-construction architectural solutions. We propose an extension in ARCHEX by incorporating dynamic properties, i.e., robot trajectories, time dimension, application-specific QoS constraints, and finally, integrating the optimization tool with a discrete-event network simulator (OMNeT++). This extension automates the generation of configuration files and facilitates result analysis, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation. This part of the work focuses on the dynamism of robots, server-to-service mapping, and the integration of automated simulation. The proposed extension is validated by optimizing and analyzing various indoor robotics scenarios, emphasizing critical performance parameters such as overall throughput and end-to-end delay (E2E). This integrated approach addresses the complex interplay of computation and communication resources, providing a solution for dynamic mobility, traffic, and application patterns in edge server environments.

The increasing demand for energy efficient computing has endorsed the usage of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays to create hardware accelerators for large and complex codes. However, implementing such accelerators involve two complex decisions. The first one lies in deciding which code snippet is the best to create an accelerator, and the second one lies in how to implement the accelerator. When considering both decisions concomitantly, the problem becomes more complicated since the code snippet implementation affects the code snippet choice, creating a combined design space to be explored. As such, a fast design space exploration for the accelerators implementation is crucial to allow the exploration of different code snippets. However, such design space exploration suffers from several time-consuming tasks during the compilation and evaluation steps, making it not a viable option to the snippets exploration. In this work, we focus on the efficient implementation of pipelined hardware accelerators and present our contributions on speeding up the pipelines creation and their design space exploration. Towards loop pipelining, the proposed approaches achieve up to 100× speed-up when compared to the state-uf-the-art methods, leading to 164 hours saving in a full design space exploration with less than 1% impact in the final results quality. Towards design space exploration, the proposed methods achieve up to 9:5× speed-up, keeping less than 1% impact in the results quality. / A demanda crescente por computação energeticamente eficiente tem endossado o uso de Field- Programmable Gate Arrays para a criação de aceleradores de hardware para códigos grandes e complexos. Entretanto, a implementação de tais aceleradores envolve duas decisões complexas. O primeiro reside em decidir qual trecho de código é o melhor para se criar o acelerador, e o segundo reside em como implementar tal acelerador. Quando ambas decisões são consideradas concomitantemente, o problema se torna ainda mais complicado dado que a implementação do trecho de código afeta a seleção dos trechos de código, criando um espaço de projeto combinatorial a ser explorado. Dessa forma, uma exploração do espaço de projeto rápida para a implementação de aceleradores é crucial para habilitar a exploração de diferentes trechos de código. Contudo, tal exploração do espaço de projeto é impedida por várias tarefas que consumem tempo durante os passos de compilação a análise, o que faz da exploração de trechos de códigos inviável. Neste trabalho, focamos na implementação eficiente de aceleradores pipeline em hardware e apresentamos nossas contribuições para o aceleramento da criações de pipelines e de sua exploração do espaço de projeto. Referente à criação de pipelines, as abordagens propostas alcançam uma aceleração de até 100× quando comparadas às abordagens do estado-da-arte, levando à economia de 164 horas em uma exploração de espaço de projeto completa com menos de 1% de impacto na qualidade dos resultados. Referente à exploração do espaço de projeto, as abordagens propostas alcançam uma aceleração de até 9:5×, mantendo menos de 1% de impacto na qualidade dos resultados.