Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-23T15:40:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandamauramarcianodasilva.pdf: 1685739 bytes, checksum: b753dfafbac38b9b4b6d9dba3869b50e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-24T12:05:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandamauramarcianodasilva.pdf: 1685739 bytes, checksum: b753dfafbac38b9b4b6d9dba3869b50e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-24T12:06:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandamauramarcianodasilva.pdf: 1685739 bytes, checksum: b753dfafbac38b9b4b6d9dba3869b50e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-24T12:06:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandamauramarcianodasilva.pdf: 1685739 bytes, checksum: b753dfafbac38b9b4b6d9dba3869b50e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 / A presente pesquisa busca compreender das relações sócio-culturais que constituem a vivência do espaço escolar em um curso de Educação de Jovens e Adultos. O objetivo é refletir acerca de como o aluno, jovem ou adulto, vivencia, compreende e produz significados para o espaço escolar. Para tanto, utilizo uma metodologia de cunho qualitativo e o recurso de mapas narrativos, que constituem uma abordagem etnográfica de apreensão das experiências cotidianas dos sujeitos. A questão "espaço/espacialidade”, bem como a constituição da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, são abordados na discussão do espaço escolar vivenciado pelos sujeitos. A análise apresentada é de cunho fundamentalmente interpretativo, tecida através de três temáticas co-constitutivas, em uma reflexão acerca: 1) das memórias e de como estas são produzidas, ao mesmo tempo, que são produtos das interpretações, representações e vivências espaciais. 2) do espaço escolar como espaço de produção de subjetividades e de auto-formação. 3) de como as representações espaciais contemplam as experiências e vivencialidades impressas na prática cotidiana do espaço. / This research intends understanding of the social-relationships that makes the living school space in a education course for youngs and adults. The objective is the reflection about how the young and adult pupil, lives, understand and produce meanings for the school space. For that was used the qualitative methodology and the resource of the narrative maps that if constitute in a boarding of apprehension of the daily experiences of the citizens. The question about space, as well as the constitution of the young Education of and adult is boarded in the quarrel concerning the pertaining to school space lived deeply by the citizens. Thematic the presented analysis is of matrix basically reflection and weaved through three co-constituent ones, in reflection about: 1) of the memories and of as such products of the interpretations are produced and at the same time, space representations and experiences;2)of the pertaining to school space as space of production of subjectivity and auto-formation;3) of as the space representations they contemplate the experiences and lived experiences printed in the daily experience of the space.

This thesis evaluates how the evolutionary algorithm CMA-ES (Covariance Matrix Adaption Evolution Strategy) can be used for optimizing the total initial margin for a network of banks trading bilateral OTC derivatives. The algorithm is a stochastic method for optimization of non-linear and, but not limited to, non-convex functions. The algorithm searches for an optimum by generating normally distributed samples and iteratively updating the mean and covariance matrix of the search distribution using the best candidate solutions in the sampled population. In this thesis, feasible solutions are represented by the null space obtained from the constraint of keeping all banks' market exposure unchanged throughout the optimization, and the generated samples for each iteration correspond to linear combinations of the base vectors spanning this null space. In particular, this thesis investigates how different representations of this null space affect the convergence speed of the algorithm. By applying the algorithm to problems of varying sizes, using several different null space representations coming from different matrix decomposition methods, it is found that as long as an orthonormal representation is used it does not matter which matrix decomposition method it comes from. This is found to be because, given any orthonormal null space representation, the algorithm will at start generate a rotationally invariant sample space in its search for the optimal solution, independent of the specific null space representation. If the representation is not orthogonal, the initial sample will in contrast be in the shape of an ellipsoid and thus biased in certain directions, which in general affects the performance negatively. A non-orthonormal representation can converge faster in specific optimization problems, if the direction of the solution is known in advance and the sample space is pointed towards that direction. However, the benefit of this aspect is limited in a realistic scenario and an orthonormal representation is recommended. Furthermore, as it is shown that different orthonormal representations perform equally, it is implied that other characteristics can be considered when deciding which matrix decomposition method to use; such as the importance of fast computation or desire for a sparse representation. / Denna avhandling utvärderar hur CMA-ES (Covariance Matrix Adaption Evolution Strategy) kan användas för att optimera en total "initial margin" för ett nätverk av banker som handlar bilaterala OTC derivat. Algoritmen är en stokastisk metod för optimering av icke-linjära och, men inte enbart, icke-konvexa funktioner. Algoritmen söker efter ett optimum genom att generera normalfördelade utfall och iterativt uppdatera medelvärdet och kovariansmatrisen för sök-fördelningen med hjälp av de bästa lösningarna i varje iteration. I detta arbete representeras tillåtna lösningar till problemet av nollrummet från bivillkoret att alla bankers marknadsexponering ska vara oförändrade genom optimeringen och de genererade utfallen består av slumpade linjärkombinationer av nollrummets basvektorer. I synnerhet undersöks hur olika representationer av nollrummet påverkar konvergenshastigheten för algoritmen. Algoritmen har applicerats med flera olika nollrumsrepresentationer, framtagna genom olika matrisfaktoriseringsmetoder, och det kan konstateras att så länge nollrummsrepresentationen är ortonormal är valet av faktoreringsmetod obetydlig. Detta då användande av orthornormala nollrumsrpresentationer i algoritmen leder till en initialt symmetrisk, rotationsmässigt invariant, sökning efter den optimala lösningen. Om representationen inte är ortogonal kommer det resulterande sökområdet i varje iteration att ha formen av en ellipsoid och sålunda viktas i vissa riktningar, vilket i allmänhet påverkar prestandan negativt. Emellertid kan en icke-ortonormal representation konvergera snabbare i specifika scenarier, givet att lösningens riktning är känd i förväg och sökområdet kan pekas mot den riktningen. Vidare, eftersom det har visats att olika ortonormala representationer konvergerar lika fort, innebär resultatet att andra egenskaper kan beaktas vid val av matrisfaktoriseringsmetod, såsom vikten av snabb beräkning eller önskan om en gles representation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:25:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoMGN_DISSERT.PDF: 921324 bytes, checksum: eba5727cafcc0c495f08d327aad7311b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-20 / How do the identities of a people build themselves? How do the geographic clippings influence the representations of some social groups, when they define themselves or when they are defined, for example, as people from Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Para?ba, Rio de Janeiro, Cear?, Bahia? What symbolic elements, contests and benefits are involved in these processes of identity construction? By taking the discussions about potiguar people as the theme of this research, we intend to discuss about the displacements, the impasses in their representations that usually represent him as a being who he is not, constantly seduced by the enchantments of the other, by the values that come from outside. Thus, from the Rio Grande do Norte space, we investigated, in various contexts, since the last three decades of the nineteenth century to the current days, how the space identities have been used as strategy, by various characters, in attempt to build and/or to define representations that characterize and single potiguares out, in the face of other beings of the nation / Como se constroem as identidades de um povo? De que maneira o recorte geogr?fico influi nas representa??es dos v?rios grupos sociais, quando estes se definem e/ou s?o definidos, por exemplo, como pernambucanos, ga?chos, paraibanos, cariocas, cearenses, baianos...? Que elementos simb?licos, disputas e interesses est?o envoltos nesses processos de constru??o identit?ria? Tomando as discuss?es sobre o potiguar como recorte tem?tico, a presente pesquisa busca problematizar os deslocamentos, os impasses nas suas representa??es, as quais, via de regra, costumam apresent?-lo como um ser que n?o ?, constantemente seduzido pelos encantos do outro, pelos valores que v?m de fora de suas fronteiras. Assim, a partir da espacialidade norte-rio-grandense, investigamos, em v?rios contextos, desde as ?ltimas tr?s d?cadas do s?culo XIX aos dias atuais, de que maneira as identidades espaciais t?m sido utilizadas como estrat?gia, por personagens diversos, na tentativa de construir e/ou definir representa??es que caracterizem e singularizem os potiguares, frente aos demais entes da na??o