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This thesis is a study of zandaqa, or heresy, in the early medieval period of al-Andalus. The goal of this work is to uncover subtexts between caliphal power and legal authority through an analysis of the historiography of the Andalusian Muhammad ibn `Abd Allah Ibn Masarra al-Jabali (d. 319/931). This is accomplished by applying the Foucauldian theories of limit and transgression on the scholarly reconstructions of his life. The formation of the madhahib in al-Andalus, the construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy in Islam, and the historical-legal development of zandaqa colours how scholars have approached the subject, and leads to questions concerning the relationship that marginal or subversive intellectual developments had with authoritative bodies. The resulting play of divergent and authoritative discourses that emerge from a Post-Modernist analysis of the Masarrian context have the capacity to illustrate intellectual developments within early Andalusian society and provide an alternate explanatory narrative for historical reconstruction.

This thesis seeks to illuminate the nature, extent and complexity of Templar interactions with their associates, particularly non-Christians, women and Mozarabs, by examining these interactions where the most evidence exists for them---northeastern Spain. Evidence for Temple associations with both Christians and non-Christians is strongest and most prolonged here. The overall nature of these interactions was friendlier than expected in a crusading group. In fact, Templars actively competed with the secular Church, nobility and the king in the Crown of Aragon for lordship over non-Christians because non-Christians were a lucrative tax base. Some non-Christians also sought association with the Templars because the Templars were a strong, international group with friendly ties to the Aragonese kings. The Temple could therefore offer protection from other lords against excessive taxation and exploitation, and physical attack. Documentary evidence shows mutually beneficial interactions as the Temple's (and its non-Christian associates') ongoing preference over time and space. Chapter one examines Templar interactions in general, both with associates and non-associates. Chapter two looks at Templar associations in Novillas, the first Templar house founded in the Crown of Aragon. Chapter three deals with the Tortosa and the lower Ebro Valley, which has the most varied surviving Templar documentation in the areas studied. Chapter four deals with Gardeny (in Lleida/Lerida), which has the largest number of surviving documents for all of the areas in the study. Chapter five looks at Monzon and Barcelona, the main Templar houses for Aragon and Catalonia respectively. The last chapter deals with Huesca, the northernmost house in the study.

This thesis is a comparative literary study which is conducted by placing the reception of Russian literature in Spain during the period 1918-36 within the context of the interplay of literature and the social and political situations in which it is written. It first places the boom in the publication of Russian literature in the late 1920s and 1930s within the context of the history of the reception of Russian literature in Spain, providing a comprehensive survey of that history. Next, it describes the impact of the Russian Revolution and the formative years of the Soviet Socialist state on the political situation in pre-Civil War Spain, including the ideological links between the political situations of both countries. In pre-Civil War Spain, the revolutionary atmosphere changed the mood, subject matter and style of literature, and certain writers, recognizing their civic duty, began to produce literature that had a socially critical and didactic role. During that period, given the political context and the development of politically committed literature, Spanish intellectuals and artists of a Marxist persuasion derived incentive from their Russian counterparts. Russian literature has traditionally been the forum for social criticism, and has had a profoundly revolutionary dimension. Pre-revolutionary writers such as Dostoevsky and Andreev have been perceived by outsiders as revolutionary writers, and, in that capacity, have enjoyed great popularity abroad, including Spain. In the Soviet era, Mayakovsky was often considered to be the "Poet of the Revolution", and Gorky was the chief spokesman in the promotion of socialist ideals in literature in the twenty years following the Revolution. In Spanish pre-Civil War fiction, both the social novel and poetry were instrumental in conveying overtly Marxist messages. The thesis concludes with a comprehensive study about certain Spanish writers and their works, in the domains of poetry and the novel, specifically seeking evidence of the impact of the literature and ideology which was emanating from Russia in the first third of the twentieth century.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mercuri_do_me_fran_parcial.pdf: 228474 bytes, checksum: 9d916aa7d6a19a853fbc3498d80437fb (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-08-22T14:57:12Z: mercuri_do_me_fran_parcial.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-08-22T15:02:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000695152.pdf: 1064881 bytes, checksum: 70f6e1f550db0258c453cd74642424f8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / La présente recherche a comme proposition rechercher les récits des chroniqueurs ibériques, produits pendant les XIVe et XVe siècles , avec la finalité d'examiner comment le divin a été utilisé dans la construction de l'image des rois castillans et portugais. Les chroniques sélectionnées ont été les Castillanes des rois D. Pedro, D. Henrique II, D. João I et D. Henrique III, écrites par le chancelier Pero López de Ayala, et les chroniques des rois D. Pedro, D. Fernando et D. João I (1ère et 2e parties), écrites par le premier chroniqueur officiel royal portugais, Fernão Lopes. Comme les deux chroniqueurs ont été officiels royaux à service des nouvelles, et au début illégitimes, dynasties de Trastamare et d'Avis, respectivement en Castille et Portugal, chacun à sa manière a cherché écrire pour justifier les nouvelles maisons royales, inaugurées par un fratricide, dans le premier cas, et par un bâtard, dans le second. Au cours de la recherche sur les formes qui ont prises la sacralisation du pouvoir des rois castillans et portugais, l'objectif du travail a été, premièrement, examiner et comparer la production chronistique castillanne et portugaise à la fin du XIVe siècle et au début du XVe, ainsi que les rôles joués par Pero López de Ayala et Fernão Lopes dans les royaumes de Castille et Portugal. Dans une deuxième étape, l'objectif de cette recherche a été s’interroger sur les approches et les éloignements en appel aux références sacrées – longtemps partagées entre les royaumes chrétiens - pour composer et affirmer le pouvoir royal dans ces royaumes / A presente pesquisa tem como proposta indagar os relatos cronísticos ibéricos, produzidos nos séculos XIV e XV, com a finalidade de examinar como o divino foi usado na construção da imagem dos reis castelhanos e portugueses. As crônicas selecionadas foram as castelhanas dos reis D. Pedro, D. Henrique II, D. João I e D. Henrique III, escritas pelo chanceler Pero López de Ayala, e as crônicas dos reis D. Pedro, D. Fernando e D. João I (1ª e 2ª partes), escritas pelo primeiro cronista oficial régio português, Fernão Lopes. Como ambos os cronistas foram oficiais régios a serviço das recém-constituídas, e a princípio ilegítimas, dinastias de Trastâmara e de Avis, respectivamente em Castela e Portugal, cada um a seu modo buscou escrever para justificar as novas casas reais, inauguradas por um fratricida, no primeiro caso, e por um bastardo, no segundo. No percurso de indagação sobre as formas que assumiu a sacralização do poder dos reis castelhanos e portugueses, o objetivo do trabalho foi, primeiramente, examinar e comparar a produção cronística castelhana e portuguesa em finais do século XIV e início do XV, bem como os lugares ocupados por Pero López de Ayala e Fernão Lopes nos reinos de Castela e Portugal. Em um segundo momento, a meta desta pesquisa foi interrogar sobre as aproximações e os distanciamentos no apelo às referências sagradas – partilhadas de longa data nos reinos cristãos – para compor e afirmar o poder real nesses reinos

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Charles I, King of Spain, or Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, was the most powerful ruler in Europe since Charlemagne. With a Germanic background, and speaking French, Charles became King of Spain in 1516. Yet secondary sources and available sixteenth century Spanish sources such as Spanish Royal Council records, local records of Castro Urdiales in Castile, and Charles's correspondence show that he continued the policies of his predecessors in Spain, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. He strove to strengthen his power and unify Spain and his empire using Castilian strength, a Castilian model of government, Roman law, religion, his strong personality, and a loyal and talented bureaucracy. Charles desired to be another Charlemagne, but with his base of power in Spain.

The purpose of this paper is to identify Spanish elements in the sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti and to determine the extent of their use. All 555 sonatas in facsimile edition, edited by Ralph Kirkpatrick, were compared to the printed anthologies of Spanish folk music by Kurt Schindler and Felipe Pedrell as well as recordings of authentic Spanish folk music. The study concludes that Scarlatti incorporated Spanish musical elements extensively. In some sonatas, fragments of folk tunes occur, but always with some rhythmical alterations or melodic elaborations. Only K. 513 contains an entire folk tune. Scarlatti evidently wrote melodies of folk-like quality and did not merely copy the folk tunes.

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