"Esta obra ... (fué terminada) a fines de 1933 y fué aceptada por la Universidad de Chicago como tesis para el doctorado en 1934"--P. (217). / An English translation of part of this work was issued under title: Comments on 18th century purismo. "Bibliografía": p. [219-226].

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [251]-255).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--City University of New York, 1973. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [309]-325).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 316 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-316). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 1991. / Includes abstract. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [348]-357).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1952. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

La presente investigación establece la relación existente entre la violencia urbana colombiana y su representación literaria. En realidad, este trabajo presenta la forma en que la literatura rearticula espacios, sujetos y culturas locales desde la industrial global, reafirmando estereotipos e imaginarios construidos desde el afuera. La literatura, particularmente la novela colombiana contemporánea del sicarato, revela los códigos simbólicos que constituyen el imaginario de Medellín, contribuyendo al modo en qué leemos y habitamos la ciudad. En este estudio se intentará demostrar el modo en qué los textos literarios analizados, a partir de la posición de los narradores y la traducción o mediación del discurso y lenguaje del Otro, en este caso el sicario, refuerzan la invisible pere ineludible división interna existente en la ciudad de Medellín y continúan estigmantizándola al definirla como el lugar del caos y la fragmentación. Pero además, se observará cómo las narraciones no soló no logran sostener un diálogo con el discurso oficial, sine que, a partir de ciertos regimenes de valor, convierten al sujeto subalterno en objeto narrativo. Para tales fines, se mostrará cómo la ciudad ha sido un lugar conflictivo por excelencia y, por otra parte, se cuestionará, a partir de una síntesis de distintas teorías sobre subalternidad, el lugar del Otro en la literatura urbana colombiana de entresiglos.

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02

With the rise of fascism in Europe. many writers found they could no longer voice their opinions freely. Aside from the threat of imprisonment or death, strict censors were put into place, so any criticism of the regime had to be disguised. Nevertheless, some writers were able to bypass the censors and offer criticism of the regime in power. The authors warn against the techniques used like mass propaganda, aggressive approaches to war, and extreme nationalism in their literature. By examining the literature that appeared under fascism, this thesis attempts to establish a cross-cultural connection between Italy and Spain through two unique authors and their highly personalized criticism by examining Carlo Emilio Gadda's La cognizione del dolore and Carmen Laforet's Nada. Gadda uses autobiographical references in his works as symbols of Mussolini's fascism, and Laforet is able to capture the female perspective of life under Franco's rule due to her unique upbringing in the Canaries. In distressing political times they were able to relate the situation to their own lives and by doing so find a creative outlet to oppose fascism. In the case of these authors, it is essential to consider their biographies to fully comprehend their workst due to the personalized approach to criticism, which allows for a more complete reading of the text. With this comparative study I hope to bring more attention to these authors through an emphasis on the value of literary opposition to fascism in the context of history.