Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / William P. Winslow III / The American campus is a distinct place. Harboring collegial values much different from American social-scapes, urban campuses are insular places of outward-minded activism. The University of Pennsylvania is breaking down these perceived barriers that separate its campus from the city; attempting to reconnect with adjacent neighborhoods, civic institutions and the greater Philadelphia-area. Dynamism at Palestra Green seeks to establish this connection along the most important pedestrian corridor linking Penn to Center City Philadelphia. A proper connection requires extensive knowledge of Penn’s genius loci. By synthesizing an analysis of the historic DNA of Penn and its spaces, as well as regionalism and site-specific programming, the proper design of Palestra Green is achieved. Furthermore, the proposed site design is intended to provide flexible spaces for the accommodation of numerous programmatic functions located both on site and in adjacent campus buildings. Adapting to seasonal campus, event and civic programming while adhering to the aesthetic and underlying qualities of Penn creates a truly unique and dynamic destination. Through this robust design, Palestra Green connects to the whole of Penn, properly accommodates the range of uses and events taking place on site, and contributes to the extensive park network in Philadelphia. In addition, the implementation of multiple designed systems provides a diverse set of amenities contributing to the flexibility of use and sustainability at Palestra Green. Supporting these solutions is a project-specific conceptual framework driven by personal philosophy and experience. The conceptual structure is tuned to actively reconcile and resolve all site and program issues. In its final state, Dynamism at Palestra Green communicates the significance of all proposed components, discusses the space’s long-term value to the university and city and exhibits how the new Palestra Green positively contributes to the profession of landscape architecture.

El Callao cercado es un distrito que ha crecido exponencialmente a nivel poblacional a lo largo de los años. No obstante, la oferta cultural gratuita no fue de la mano con este crecimiento. La biblioteca municipal actual data del año 1943, y desde entonces, no ha sufrido mayor cambio que la adapte a los tiempos presentes. Esta no solo necesitaba de un incremento de área de lectura para atender a la mayor cantidad de población, sino de nuevos usos que la conviertan en un edificio vigente y variado a nivel funcional, características intrínsecas y actuales de la tipología. Era necesario de un edificio flexible espacialmente, que pueda adaptarse a los cambios en el futuro, pero también de un proyecto que, a pesar de su contemporaneidad, se inserte apropiadamente en un marcado contexto histórico. La presente tesis plantea una alternativa de biblioteca municipal actualizada que, desde el uso, es un complemento a la formación y educación en todas sus etapas, y que, desde lo urbano, aporta animación a la zona monumental y al mismo tiempo fortalece sus características morfológicas respetándolas y respetando el patrimonio edificado presente en el terreno, entendiéndolo como parte del proyecto. / The district of Callao, capital of the province of the same name, has had an enormous population growth in recent years. However, the cultural offerings have not increased at a similar rate. The actual municipal library dates from the year 1943, and since then, it hasn’t gone through any transcendent change for it to adapt it to recent times. This building not only needs an increase on square meters, but also on new program that can turn it into a rich mixed-use project. It is necessary for it to be a spatially flexible building that can adapt to future changes, but that is also able, in spite of its contemporaneity, to insert itself as part of a particular historical context. This thesis project presents a potential alternative for a municipal library that, seen from it use, serves as a tool and an aid for education in all of its stages and that, from an urban perspective, generates activity in its immediate context and enhances its morphological characteristics, all while respecting the built heritage that sits on the space, incorporating it as part of the new project. / Tesis

The ability to recall a spatial layout from multiple orientations – spatial flexibility – is a challenging cognitive process, especially when the global configuration cannot be viewed from a single vantage point, as spatial information must first be integrated before it can be flexibly recalled. The current study examined if experiencing the transition between multiple viewpoints enhances spatial flexibility for both non-integrated (Exp. 1) and integrated environments (Exp. 2), if the type of transition matters, and if action provides an additional advantage over passive visual flow. In Experiment 1, participants viewed an array of dollhouse furniture from four viewpoints that presented the global configuration from multiple orientations. In Experiment 2, the array was viewed piecemeal, from four viewpoints that presented the global configuration in partial chunks. The control condition presented the dollhouse as a series of static views, whereas in the remaining conditions, visual flow was continuous. Participants viewed the natural transition between viewpoints, and either passively experienced the transitions (i.e., by watching the dollhouse rotate or being rolled around it), or actively generated them (i.e., by rotating the dollhouse or walking around it). Across both experiments, continuous visual flow significantly enhanced spatial flexibility when paired with observer movement around the dollhouse, either active or passive. Furthermore, when participants had to integrate spatial information across discrete learning experiences (Exp. 2), active movement provided a significant advantage above passive experience. These findings suggest that array stability is key to flexible spatial memory, with action providing an additional boost to spatial integration. / Psychology

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan upplevd möjlighet till flexibla arbetsarrangemang och arbetstillfredsställelse, samt att se om variansen i arbetstillfredsställelse bäst predicerades av temporal eller spatial flexibilitet. Data samlades in genom en digital enkät där arbetstillfredsställelse mättes genom mätverktyget Minnesota Satisfaction Questionaire (MSQ) och flexibla arbetsarrangemang mättes genom New Ways of Working Scale. Resultatet visade att temporal- och spatial flexibilitet var signifikant positivt korrelerade med arbetstillfredsställelse. Resultatet visade även att prediktorerna temporal- och spatial flexibilitet tillsammans kunde förklara en signifikant del av variansen i arbetstillfredsställelse men att det endast var spatial flexibilitet som ensam kunde förklara en signifikant del. Resultatet kan ses som en indikation på att det flexibla arbetsarrangemanget med dess innebörd om ökad autonomi och kontroll har en positiv inverkan på arbetstagares arbetstillfredsställelse och kan därför således användas i konkurrenssyfte av arbetsgivare för att bibehålla och attrahera ny personal. / The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between flexible work arrangement and job satisfaction, and to determine whether the variance in job satisfaction was better predicted by temporal or spatial flexibility. Data were collected through a digital survey, where job satisfaction was measured using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and flexible work was measured using the New Ways of Working Scale. The results showed that both temporal and spatial flexibility were significantly correlated with job satisfaction. Furthermore, the predictors of temporal and spatial flexibility together accounted for a significant part of the variance, but it was only spatial flexibility that could independently explain a significant part. These findings indicate that flexible work, with its implications of increased autonomy and control, has a positive impact on employees' job satisfaction. Therefore, it can be utilized by employers as a competitive advantage to retain and attract new personnel.

residents because of functional, symbolic or economical aspects. Those modifications almost always evidence the lack discordance between the original architectural project and the answers to their users' needs. It is verified that frequently the modifications have negative on the functionality and in the habitability of those houses, especially with regard to the resulting environmental comfort. In that context, the present work analyzed the flexibility, the dimensions and the space functionality of modified residential units of Conjunto Habitacional Osman Loureiro implanted in Maceió-Alagoas, in relation to its original project. The methodology used is based on in the Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE), with application of observations, interviews, questionnaires, physical risings, photographic registrations and digital recordings. In spite of the prevision in the original project of some flexibilities possibilities, these were not informed to the residents, that executed themselves their modifications for best adapt their units front to the small dimensions. The results evidenced the occurrence of dimensional and functional wastes, owed firstly, to the inadequacy of the original project that imposes reforms already the first years of occupation to guarantee a minimum level of habitability, and, secondly due to a qualified professional's lack for the reforms and / or enlargements of the house aids, resulting in inefficient house modifications and usually costly. This work emphasize, then, the importance of obtaining a better understanding on the real causes of the modifications done by the users is emphasized, to aid the planners for flexible houses construction, that allow enlargements and modifications without compromise the comfort conditions and the original quality space of the house. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / freqüentemente modificadas por seus moradores por motivos de caráter funcional, simbólico ou econômico. Essas modificações quase sempre evidenciam a falta de sintonia entre o projeto arquitetônico original e as respostas às necessidades de seus usuários. Constata-se que freqüentemente as modificações impactam negativamente na funcionalidade e na habitabilidade dessas habitações, em especial com respeito ao conforto ambiental resultante. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho analisou a flexibilidade, o dimensionamento e a funcionalidade espacial de unidades residenciais modificadas do Conjunto Habitacional Osman Loureiro implantado em Maceió AL, em relação ao seu projeto original. A metodologia fundamentou-se na Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO), por meio de observações, entrevistas, questionários, levantamentos físicos/medições, registros fotográficos e gravações digitais. Apesar da previsão no projeto original de algumas possibilidades de flexibilização, estas não foram informadas aos moradores, que executaram suas modificações para melhor adequarem as suas unidades frente às exíguas dimensões. Os resultados evidenciaram a ocorrência de desperdícios dimensionais e funcionais nas modificações das moradias analisadas, devido primeiramente, à inadequação do projeto original, que impõe alterações já nos primeiros anos de ocupação para garantir um nível mínimo de habitabilidade, e, segundo devido à falta de um profissional qualificado para auxílio das reformas e/ ou ampliações da casa, resultando em modificações ineficientes e geralmente dispendiosas. O trabalho ressalta, enfim, a importância de se procurar obter um melhor entendimento sobre as reais causas das modificações feitas pelos usuários, para auxiliar os projetistas na construção de habitações flexíveis que permitam ampliações e modificações sem comprometer o conforto ambiental e a qualidade espacial original da habitação.

La tendencia del coworking ha ido en aumento gracias al auge de los modelos de trabajo colaborativo; cada vez más en la ciudad de Lima, se ve esta tipología implementada en los centros de trabajo en donde comúnmente se encuentran las típicas oficinas. Actualmente, los mypes y freelancers se ven afectados por tener muchas limitaciones para emprender sus negocios. Como cualquier empresa o profesional, requieren de un espacio de trabajo; sin embargo, el problema aquí radica en que las típicas oficinas, además de tener un alquiler elevado en la ciudad, no son flexibles y no brindan los beneficios que un espacio de coworking puede ofrecer. La idea del proyecto se basa en ofrecer un edificio cuya principal función sea satisfacer las necesidades básicas y laborales del usuario, brindándoles múltiples servicios y usos que define el programa. Los mypes y freelancers necesitan un lugar que sea flexible en cuestión a costos y horarios, y en donde su principal motivación sea la innovación y la cooperación. Esta investigación estudia y caracteriza al coworking, con el objetivo de ofrecerle al usuario lo que realmente necesita, mediante espacios compartidos, áreas recreativas, zona comercial y diversas tipologías y servicios en espacios de coworking, haciendo énfasis en la flexibilidad espacial. / The coworking trend has been increasing thanks to the rise of collaborative work models; Increasingly in the city of Lima, this typology is seen implemented in the work centers where the typical offices are commonly found. Currently, mypes and freelancers are affected by having many limitations to start their businesses. Like any company or professional, they require a workspace; However, the problem here is that the typical offices, in addition to having a high rent in the city, are not flexible and do not provide the benefits that a coworking space can offer. The idea of the project is based on offering a building whose main function is to satisfy the basic and labor needs of the user, offering them multiple services and uses defined by the program. Mypes and freelancers need a place that is flexible in terms of costs and schedules, and where their main motivation is innovation and cooperation. This research studies and characterizes coworking, with the aim of offering the user what they really need, through shared spaces, recreational areas, shopping areas and various types and services in coworking spaces, emphasizing spatial flexibility / Trabajo de investigación

La Provincia Constitucional del Callao alberga el puerto más importante del Perú, el cuál ha ido convirtiendo la Zona Monumental del Callao en un polo industrial que ha dejado de lado el valor histórico y cultural de la ciudad portuaria. El Centro Cultural busca revalorizar la zona con una propuesta urbano – paisajista que conecta la ciudad con el mar por medio de un proyecto de carácter cultural- recreativo cuyo diseño toma de partida la flexibilidad espacial como estrategia principal para el desarrollo del programa. La propuesta parte de un eje central como espacio articulador, que conecta con todas las actividades programáticas duras del centro convirtiendo las circulaciones, en espacios de jerarquía que pasan de ser espacios de tránsito a espacios abiertos de permanencia que generan actividades de ocio, cultura y arte las cuales varían dependiendo del programa en el que se las inserte. / Callao Constitutional Province houses the most important port in Peru, which has been turning Callao´s Monumental Zone into an industrial hub that has neglected the historical and cultural value of the city. Callao´s Cultural Centre seeks to revalue the area with an urbanistic landscape proposal that connects the city with the sea; through a cultural and recreational project whose design takes spatial flexibility as the main strategy for the development of the program. The proposal is based on a central axis that works as an articulating space, which connects with all the hard-programmatic activities of the center, turning the circulations into hierarchy spaces that transforms from transit spaces into open spaces for permanence that promotes leisure, cultural and art activities which can vary depending on the program in which they are inserted into. / Tesis